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World War II Facilities at Midway

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Coordinates: 28°12′0″N 177°21′0″W / 28.20000°N 177.35000°W / 28.20000; -177.35000
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World War II Facilities at Midway
Burning oil tanks during the Battle of Midway
World War II Facilities at Midway is located in Pacific Ocean
World War II Facilities at Midway
LocationSand Island, Midway Islands, United States Minor Outlying Islands
Coordinates28°12′0″N 177°21′0″W / 28.20000°N 177.35000°W / 28.20000; -177.35000
Built1941
ArchitectUnited States Navy
NRHP reference No.87001302
Significant dates
Added to NRHPMay 28, 1987[1][2]
Designated NHLDMay 28, 1987[3]

The World War II Facilities at Midway were built as part of the fortification leading up to World War II. The Midway Atoll's unique location halfway between the United States and Japan ensured it would hold a strategic position. This island was the site of the pivotal Battle of Midway which shifted the balance of sea power in the Pacific towards the United States.

The atoll's two main islands, Eastern Island and Sand Island, were both fortified by the Navy. Eastern Island, the smaller of the two islands, had three runways in a triangular configuration, and was defended by six coastal and dual-purpose batteries, armed with 3-, 5-, and 7-inch guns. Sand Island, one mile wide and two long, was completely developed by the Navy, but had no runways until after the war. At the time of the battle, Sand Island was defended by six batteries erected by the 6th Defense Battalion, and one by the 3d Defense Battalion. In clockwise order from the northwest corner of the island, these were: Battery C, two 5-inch guns; "naval" battery, two 3-inch guns; Battery F, four 3-inch guns; Battery A, two 5-inch guns; Battery D, four 3-inch guns; unnamed battery, two 7-inch guns; Battery A, two 5-inch guns; 3d Battalion Battery D, four 3-inch guns.[4]

The military shut down all of its bases by 1993, handing over control to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The islands remain mostly uninhabited and unvisited. They are part of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.

Many of the facilities built by the Navy during the war deteriorated as the population of the Eastern and Sand Islands declined. Some facilities, such as the Eastern Island runways, were abandoned. New runways were built on Sand Island, in some cases destroying some of the surviving war defenses in the process. A number of the surviving elements of the atoll's defenses were designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1987. The following elements, all on Sand Island, comprise that designation:[3][4]

  • three ammunition magazines associated with Battery A: S-7113, S-7119, S-7121
  • one and a half emplacements for 3-inch guns of 3d Battalion Battery D
  • two ammunition magazines associated with 3d Battalion Battery D: S-7124, S-7125
  • a concrete pillbox near S-7125
  • two emplacements for the 3-inch naval battery
  • one ammunition magazine near the naval battery: S-6194

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
  2. ^ NHL designations Archived February 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ a b "World War II Facilities at Midway". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on 2009-01-13. Retrieved 2009-09-05.
  4. ^ a b Erwin N. Thompson (June 24, 1986). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: World War .II-Era Military Facilities, Midway Islands / Battle of Midway". National Park Service. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) and Accompanying 14 photos
Historic Naval gun on Midway with Laysan albatross
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