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Wonthaggi railway line

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Wonthaggi
Overview
StatusDismantled line - Bass Coast Rail Trail
Owner
LocaleVictoria, Australia
Termini
Continues fromPort Albert line
Former connectionsPort Albert line
Stations
  • 10 former stations
  • 8 former siding
Service
TypeFormer Victorian regional service
Operator(s)
History
Commenced16 March 1910 (1910-03-16) - Coal (Nyora to State Mine)
Opened
  • Nyora to Wonthaggi on 9 May 1910 (1910-05-09)
  • Wonthaggi to Eastern Area in August 1919 (1919-08)
  • Wonthaggi to Kirrak on 4 September 1939 (1939-09-04)
Completed4 September 1939 (1939-09-04)
Closed
  • Wonthaggi to Eastern Area in November 1952 (1952-11)
  • Wonthaggi to Kirrak on 28 December 1968 (1968-12-28)
  • Nyora to Wonthaggi on 21 November 1978 (1978-11-21)
Technical
Line length~53.11 km (33.00 mi)
Number of tracksSingle track
Track gauge5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) Victorian broad gauge
Route map

Legend
km
Up arrow
South Gippsland line
to Dandenong
89.28
 Nyora
Right arrow
South Gippsland line
to Port Albert
Bass River
South Gippsland Highway
100.00
 Woodleigh
104.80
 Kernot
107.72
 Almurta
110.71
 Glen Forbes
116.09
 Woolamai
121.51
 Woolamai Quarry Company Siding
122.12
 Anderson
122.71
 Outtrim Howitt Coal Co. Siding
125.31
 Mitchell's Siding
Bass Highway
126.09
 Kilcunda
Bourne Creek (91 m long)
127.40
 Kilcunda Goods Siding
132.45
 Dalyston
Powlett River
 Powlett & North Woolamai Sidings junction
135.19
 Dudley Area
Dudley Area junction
136.21
 State Mine
138.60
 Wonthaggi
Bass Highway
142.39
 Eastern Area
Bass Highway
144.10
 Kirrak
km
This diagram:

The Wonthaggi railway line is a closed railway line located in South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Its primary purpose was to serve the State Coal Mine but the line also provided passenger and general goods services. The line was opened in 1910 and closed in 1978.

Wonthaggi-Anderson rail ticket 1977
Wonthaggi line formation looking south from Kilcunda station across the Bourne Creek trestle bridge, c.1989
Bourne Creek trestle bridge, c.1989, prior to conversion to a rail trail bridge

Background

[edit]

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Victorian Railways depended on black coal to fire its steam locomotives. Although black coal deposits around Korumburra in South Gippsland had been exploited since 1891, the seams were narrow, costs of production were relatively high, and in 1900 their production accounted for just a quarter of Victoria's consumption.[1] It was cheaper for VR to purchase coal from Newcastle, New South Wales, however a protracted miners dispute in 1909 threatened supplies and led to an even stronger commitment by the Murray Government to securing local supplies.[2] With the Korumburra mines unable to meet Victorian Railways' demand for 1000 tons of coal a day,[3] a promising seam on the Powlett River which had been tested in 1908 was rapidly developed as a mine site and the government opened the mine for commercial purposes in 1909. While the first shipments were taken by sea from Inverloch, a railway was rapidly constructed to service the new mine.

Construction

[edit]

Originally known as the "Powlett River railway",[4] the Wonthaggi line was built extremely rapidly. A 15+1⁄2-mile (25 km) branch line from Nyora to Woolamai had already been approved,[5] branching from the South Gippsland line (the Great Southern Railway) just east of Nyora railway station, but work had not started. In December 1909, a 14+1⁄2-mile (23 km) extension of the branch from Woolamai to the Powlett River coalfield was given parliamentary sanction.

The line carried its first coal in February 1910,[2] with Baldwin-built 4-6-0 locomotive W 227 given the honour of hauling the first train from the Powlett coalfield.[6] As well as passenger and general goods stations to service the rapidly growing town of Wonthaggi, connections were provided to the State Mine (on the up side of Wonthaggi) and to later additional mine extensions at Dudley and Kirrak.[7]

Traffic

[edit]

The mine's production grew rapidly and at its peak in 1926 produced 2,435 long tons (2,474 t) per day, with Victorian Railways buying 90% of production.[2]

By 1928, twelve return passenger services also ran on the line per week, with a journey time from Flinders Street station to Wonthaggi taking approximately four hours.[8]

The introduction of diesel rail motors in the 1950s saw a reduction in journey times for passenger services on the line to around three hours by 1954, but service frequency was now eleven return passenger services operating per week.[9]

Decline and closure

[edit]

The conversion of Victorian Railways from steam to diesel-electric power during the 1950s and 1960s reduced demand for black coal and in 1968 the mine closed.[10] Passenger services from Nyora to Wonthaggi were withdrawn on 4 December 1977 with the last train being a 153hp Walker railmotor.[11] By this time the general decline of Victorian branch line network saw services being withdrawn from a number of lines, and the Wonthaggi line closed on 21 November 1978[12][13] when a final goods train returned to Melbourne with staff equipment from stations along the line.

The track was dismantled in 1988[14] and the southern section from Woolamai to Wonthaggi has been developed as the Bass Coast Rail Trail.

Station histories

[edit]
Station Opened[15] Closed[15] Age Notes
Nyora 11 November 1890 15 December 1994 104 years
15 December 1994 16 January 2016 21 years Tourist service
Woodleigh 9 May 1910 21 November 1978 68 years Opened as Hunter
Kernot 9 May 1910 21 November 1978 68 years During construction known as Almurta. Opened as McKenzie
Almurta 13 September 1910 21 November 1978 68 years During construction known as Rees
Glen Forbes 9 May 1910 11 January 1966 55 years Opened as Kernot
Woolamai 9 May 1910 21 November 1978 68 years
Woolamai Quarry Company Siding 12 August 1910 8 August 1911 11 months
Anderson 9 May 1910 21 November 1978 68 years During construction known as Andersons Corner
Outtrim Howitt Coal Co. Siding ? ? ? Formerly Co-operative Colliery Co. Siding
Mitchell's Siding 9 May 1910 23 May 1957 47 years
Kilcunda 4 December 1924 21 November 1978 53 years Opened as Picnic Platform
Kilcunda Goods Siding 9 May 1910 10 March 1954 43 years Opened as Kilcunda, then just Kilcunda Siding
Dalyston 9 May 1910 21 November 1978 68 years
Dudley Area 26 December 1910 4 May 1925 14 years Was originally Powlett and North Woolamai Colliery Company Sidings
14 April 1925 ? ? Reopened as Dudley Area
State Mine 16 March 1910 July 1971 61 years Opened as Powlett Coalfield
Wonthaggi 9 May 1910 21 November 1978 68 years
Eastern Area 4 August 1919 4 November 1952 33 years Formerly Garden Blocks
Kirrak 4 September 1939 26 October 1976 37 years

Further reading

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References

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  1. ^ Lee, Robert (2007). The Railways of Victoria 1854-2004. Melbourne University Publishing Ltd. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-522-85134-2.
  2. ^ a b c Lee, p.132
  3. ^ Ryllis Clark, Mary (1996). "VICTORIA'S HERITAGE: WONTHAGGI – SHAFTS OF THE PAST" (PDF). Retrieved 22 June 2008.
  4. ^ "Powlett River Line". The Argus. 20 January 1915. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  5. ^ "Powlett River Extension". The Argus. 1 July 1910. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  6. ^ Cave, Buckland & Beardsell (2002). Steam Locomotives of the Victorian Railways - Volume 1: The First Fifty Years. Melbourne: ARHS. p. 85. ISBN 1-876677-38-4.
  7. ^ "State Mine Diagram No. 536". Victorian Railways. 1936. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
  8. ^ "1928 Country Passenger timetables". Victorian Railways. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
  9. ^ "1954 Public Timetable (p.50)". Victorian Railways. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
  10. ^ "Parks Victoria: State Coal Mine - Wonthaggi page". The State of Victoria, Australia. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
  11. ^ Chris Banger (March 1997). "Rail Passenger Service Withdrawals Since 1960". Newsrail. Vol. 25, no. 3. Australian Railway Historical Society (Victorian Division). pp. 77–82.
  12. ^ Lee, p.252
  13. ^ "VR History". victorianrailways.net. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
  14. ^ "Kilcunda to Wonthaggi by Rail - 1988". 14 June 2001. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
  15. ^ a b "Vicsig – Wonthaggi line". vicsig.net. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
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