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Women's Museum of California

Coordinates: 32°44′20″N 117°12′50″W / 32.739°N 117.214°W / 32.739; -117.214
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Women's Museum of California
AbbreviationWMC
Formation1983
FounderMary Maschal
Founded atGolden Hill, San Diego
TypeNon governmental organization
Purposemuseum of women's history
Location
Coordinates32°44′20″N 117°12′50″W / 32.739°N 117.214°W / 32.739; -117.214
Websitehttp://womensmuseumca.org/
Formerly called
Women's History Reclamation Project, Women's History Museum & Educational Center

The Women's Museum of California (WMC) is a nonprofit museum in Balboa Park in San Diego, California, dedicated to women's history. It was founded in 1983.[1] It was first organized under the names the Women's History Reclamation Project and then the Women's History Museum and Educational Center.

In addition to exhibits and programs offered, the WMC also co-founded and hosts the San Diego County Women's Hall of Fame; it is located at Liberty Station and has exhibit space, archives, a library, and a store that features items made exclusively by women.[2] Other museum offerings include speakers and monthly lecture series.[3]

History

[edit]

The museum had its roots with the women's rights activist, Mary B. Maschal who collected items from women's history in her home.[4] The home had formally belonged to a suffragist, Veronica Burke.[5] Maschal had been collecting artifacts relating to women's history since the 1970s.[6] She finally opened her collection to the public in 1983, naming it the Women's History Reclamation Project (WHRP).[4] Maschal felt a passion for collecting artifacts because of her "own disappointment over the lack of knowledge about women's history among the younger generation."[5] Maschal also received a grant in 1984 in order to conduct and collect oral history interviews.[7]

The initial success of Mary Maschal was sparked by the Women's History Reclamation Project. In addition to taking part in UN conferences, Maschal joined the National Organization for Women as a public member while also honing the skills necessary to work well with others in business. To preserve the legacy of past-generational leaders, she started a museum educating others on second-wave feminism.[8] The Women's Museum of California continues to preserve her legacy towards the newer generation.

Maschal moved her collection to the Art Union Building in Golden Hill in 1997.[2] Maschal died in 1998, and Cindy Stankowski and Sue Gonda took over leadership of the museum.[6] In 2000, the museum sponsored a Women's History Poetry contest, which was held at the same time as an exhibit titled In Our Own Voice: women's History through Women's Poetry.[7] The museum co-created the San Diego County Women's Hall of Fame in 2001.[9] In 2003, the Project changed its name to the Women's History Museum and Educational Center (WHMEC).[6]

The Women's History Museum and Educational Center changed its name again in 2011, this time to the Women's Museum of California (WMofC).[10] They concurrently updated the museum logo.[11] WMC also moved to the Liberty Station Promenade in Point Loma in 2012.[4] The new location was three times larger than their former location at Golden Hill.[11]

Helen Hawkins Memorial Library and Research Archive

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Part of the museum is a library and archive. The Helen Hawkins Memorial Library and Research Archive includes books and several special collections.[7] Part of the special collections is the Alice Park Archive which collects artifacts from the women's suffrage movement from the late 19th century and early 20th century.[7] The special collections also include papers documenting the career of Lucy Killea, a collection of materials relating to the UN Conference on the Status of Women and the Neff-LeClair Collection of period women's clothing dating from the 18th century on.[7]

Film Festival

[edit]

The Women's Museum of California offers a Film Festival[12] that showcases women who have worked in the film industry to show their film creations and share their experiences with others. The film festival includes a panel that consists of activists and filmmakers that discuss the representation and roles of women in the film industry environment.[13]

After eight years, the Women's Film Festival ended in 2021 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The following year, the Women's Museum began sponsoring a "Women's Series" under the umbrella of the San Diego International Film Festival.[14]

San Diego County Women's Hall of Fame

[edit]

The Hall of Fame was created in 2001, partly through the WMofC and other organizations.[6] Some organizations that have partnered with WMofC for the hall of fame include the Girl Scouts, MANA, A National Latina Organization and Executive Women International.[15] Co-Hosts of the HOF include the Museum, the San Diego County Commission on the Status of Women, San Diego State University's Women's Studies Department, and the Women's Center of the University of California, San Diego.[16] Inductions into the hall of fame take place in March during Women's History Month.[17] Each year about five women are inducted.[18]

The San Diego County Women's Hall of Fame mission is "to acknowledge and honor women who have significantly contributed to the quality of life and who have made outstanding volunteer contributions in San Diego County."[18]

List of inductees

[edit]
San Diego County Women's Hall of Fame Inductees
Name Image Birth–Death Year Area of achievement Ref(s)
Anne S. Bautista 2024 Activist [19]
Raye Clendening 2024 Empowerer [19]
Olga Diaz 2024 Trailblazer [19]
Anne L. Evans (1932–) 2024 Empowerer [19]
DJ Kuttin Kandi 2024 Spirit of the Hall of Fame [19]
Yolanda López (1942–2021) 2024 Cultural Bridge Builder [19]
Andrea Naversen 2024 Historian [19]
Huma Ahmed-Ghosh (1956–) 2023 Anthropologist [20]
Norma Chávez-Peterson (1974–) 2023 Executive director of the ACLU of San Diego and Imperial counties, [20]
Amy Forsythe 2023 U.S. Navy Reserves as a public affairs officer; Military journalism, U.S. Marine in Iraq and Afghanistan [20]
Juana Machado (1814–1901) 2023 Cultural bridge builder [20]
Patricia A. McQuater (1951–) 2023 Trailblazer, community service [20]
Planned Parenthood 2023 Planned Parenthood of the Pacific Southwest [20]
Mary Salas Mary Salas at Clinton Rally (1948–) 2023 Political office holder [21]
Holly Smithson (1970–) 2023 Chief executive officer of Athena advocacy group for women [22]
Marie M. Herney (1908–1984) 2022 First San Diego woman to practice in Federal Court, and the first local woman to practice in the Supreme Court [23]
Tamila Ipema (1956–) 2022 Judge of the California Superior Court in San Diego [24]
Rosalia Salinas (1944–) 2022 Advocate for bilingual education [25]
Josephine Talamantez (1951–) 2022 Co-founderd Chicano Park in 1970, helped develop it into a cultural National Historic Landmark [26]
Francine Foster Williams (1950–2021) 2022 Administrator for the San Diego Unified School District [27]
Susan Jester (1943–) 2021 Empowerer [28]
Margaret Iwanaga Penrose (1944–) 2021 Cultural Bridge Builder [28]
Niki de Saint Phalle Niki de Saint Phalle 1984, by Erling Mandelmann (1930– 2002) 2021 Sculptor [28]
Rosalie Schwartz (1936–2023) 2021 Historian [28]
Randa Trapp (1954–) 2021 Court Judge [28]
Geneviéve Jones-Wright Geneviéve Jones-Wright, American lawyer from California 2021 San Diego County as a public defender [28]
Kathi Anderson 2020 Co-founder of Survivors of Torture, International (SURVIVORS) [29]
Lupe Buell 2020 Bridging the gap between Spanish speaking individuals and the English language [29]
Nola Butler Byrd (1956–) 2020 Activist - SDSU's School of Education [29]
Susan Davis Representative Susan Davis Official Portrait (1944–) 2020 U.S. Representative for California's 53rd congressional district [29]
Iris Engstrand FFaculty photo of Iris H. Wilson (Iris Higbie Wilson Engstrand) from the 1963 Long Beach City College Yearbook (1935–) 2020 Historian [29]
Sue Gonda 2020 Historian and founder of San Diego County Women's Hall of Fame [29]
Olivia Puentes Reynolds (1949–) 2020 Civic leader and founder of San Diego County Women's Hall of Fame [29]
Lilia Garcia 2019 San Diego County Deputy District Attorney and co-founder of the group "Latinas in the Law." [30]
Colleen O'Harra 2019 Founding Executive Director of the Oceanside Women's Resource Center [30]
Ruth Goldschmiedova Sax (1928–2018) 2019 Survivor of three Nazi concentration camps [30]
Dorothy Smith (1939–2022) 2019 First African American woman elected to public office in San Diego County [30]
Bridget Wilson 2019 LGBT military veteran worked within the Obama administration [30]
Dede Alpert State Senator Dede Alpert.jpg (1945–) 2018 Served in both houses of the California legislature [31]
Nellie Andrade (1942–) 2018 Community activist in the Latino community [31]
Fahari Jeffers (1954–2019) 2018 Labor leader, United Domestic Workers of America [31]
Carol Jahnkow (1948–) 2018 Bridge Builder [31]
Jerrilyn Malana (1963–) 2018 Past president of the San Diego County bar association and Pan Asian Lawyers of San Diego [31]
Janice Martinelli (1952–) 2018 Historic preservationist [31]
Dilkhwaz Ahmed 2017 Bridge Builder [32]
Carol Rowell Council (1948–) 2017 Empowerer [32]
Darlene Davies (1939–2022) 2017 Historian [32]
Irma Gonzalez Judge Irma Gonzalez (1948–) 2017 Trailblazer [32]
Joyce Nower (1932–2010) 2017 Empowerer [32]
Lilia Velasquez (1953–) 2017 Activist [32]
Sally Wong Avery (1952–) 2016 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [33]
Maria Garcia 2016 Historian [33]
Christine Kehoe Christine T. Kehoe (1950–) 2016 Trailblazer [33]
Elizabeth Lou 2016 Empowerer [33]
Evonne Seron Schulze (1934–) 2016 Activist [33]
Viviana Enrique Acosta 2015 Historian [34]
Anita Figueredo (1916–2010) 2015 Trailblazer [34]
Natasha Josefowitz (1926–2023) 2015 Empowerment [34]
Lee Ann Kim Lee Ann Kim at White Sands, New Mexico (1970–) 2015 Spirit Of The Women's Hall Of Fame [34]
Starla Lewis 2015 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [34]
Sarah Moser 2015 Activist [34]
Dianne (Dee) Aker 2014 Trailblazer [35]
Lorraine Boyce (1927–) 2014 Empowerer [35]
Sonia Lopez 2014 Cultural guardian [35]
Rachael Ortiz 2014 Activist [35]
Deborah Szekely Deborah Szekely (1922–) 2014 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [35]
Bree Walker (1953–) 2014 Spirit Of The Women's Hall Of Fame [36]
Betty Evans Boone (1928–2023) 2013 Empowerer [37]
Constance Carroll (1945–) 2013 Trailblazer [37]
Irma Castro 2013 Activist [37]
Aurora Soriano Cudal 2013 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [37]
Dorothy Hom (1932–1999) 2013 Cultural guardian [37]
Jane Booth (1912–2008) 2012 Historian [38]
Barbara Bry San Diego City Councilmember Barbara Bry (1949–) 2012 Empowerer [39]
Makeda Dread Cheatom (1942–) 2012 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder. [40]
Ingrid Croce (1947–) 2012 Spirit Of The Women's Hall Of Fame [41]
Anne Hoiberg (1937–) 2012 Activist [42]
Lynn Schenk Lynn Schenk, former Congresswoman from California (1945–) 2012 Trailblazer [43]
Margaret Costanza (1932–2010) 2011 Trailblazer [44]
Judy Forman 2011 Empowerer [45]
Donna Frye (1952–) 2011 Spirit Of The Women's Hall Of Fame [46]
Clara M. Harris (1931–) 2011 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [47]
Martha Longenecker (1920–2013) 2011 Historian [48]
Rita Sanchez (1937–) 2011 Activist [49]
Gloria Harris (1938–) 2010 Empowerer [50]
Judith McConnell (1944–) 2010 Trailblazer [51]
Vivian Reznik (1950–) 2010 Activist [52]
Laura Rodriguez (1909–1994) 2010 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [53]
Anna Prieto Sandoval (1934–2010) 2010 Historian [54]
Charlotte Baker (1855–1937) 2009 Empowerer [55]
Li-Rong Cheng 2009 Historian [56]
Joan Craigwell (1937–) 2009 Trailblazer [57]
Edith Dabbs (1918–2009) 2009 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder. [58]
Monique Henderson (1983–) 2009 Spirit Of The Women's Hall Of Fame [59]
Marisa Ugarte (1947–) 2009 Activist [60]
Kate Yavenditti (1945–) 2009 Activist [61]
Bonnie Dumanis
US Navy 050330-N-0050T-010 Speaking at a luncheon to commemorate Woman's History Month, District Attorney for San Diego County, Bonnie Dumanis, gives a speech to the staff of the Personnel Support Detachment.jpg
 (1951–) 2008 Spirit Of The Women's Hall Of Fame [62]
Sylvia Hampton 2008 Activist [63]
Marianne McDonald (1937–) 2008 Empowerer [64]
Judith Munk (1925–2006) 2008 Historian [65]
Elizabeth Riggs (1941–) 2008 Trailblazer [66]
Karen Vigneault (1958–2019) 2008 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder. [67]
Belle Benchley (1882–1972) 2007 Trailblazer [68]
Clara Breed (1906–1994) 2007 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [69]
Joan Embrey (1949–) 2007 Spirit Of The Women's Hall Of Fame [70]
Ellen Scripps (1836–1932) 2007 Empowerer [71]
Patricia Shaffer (1928–) 2007 Empowerer [72]
Sara Vasquez (1910–2008) 2007 Historian [73]
Tanja Winter (1927–2014) 2007 Activist [74]
Nona Canon 2006 Trailblazer [75]
Jeri Dilno (1936–2024) 2006 Activist [76]
Lucy Gonzales 2006 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [77]
Deborah Lindholm (1949–) 2006 Empowerer [78]
Sally Ride (1951–2012) 2006 Spirit Of The Women's Hall Of Fame [79]
Kate Sessions Kate Sessions.jpg (1857–1940) 2006 Trailblazer [80]
Ashley Walker (1948–) 2006 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [81]
Evelyn Clarke (1917–2008) 2005 Historian [82]
Alyce Smith-Cooper (1940–) 2005 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [83]
Anne Ewing (1930–2011) 2005 Activist [84]
Helen S. Hawkins (1930–1989) 2005 Empowerer [85]
Ruth Heifetz (1934–) 2005 Trailblazer [86]
Alice Hohlmayer (1925–2017) 2005 Spirit Of The Women's Hall Of Fame [87]
Rulette Armstead (1950–2020) 2004 Activist [88]
Herminia Enrique (1919–2009) 2004 Historian [89]
Doris Howell (1923–2019) 2004 Trailblazer [90]
Joan Kroc (1928–2003) 2004 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [91]
Mary Maschal (1924–1998) 2004 Historian [92]
Gloria McClellan (1925–2002) 2004 Activist [93]
Jean Stern (1918–2011) 2004 Trailblazer [94]
Alice Barnes (1907–2003) 2003 Activist [95]
E. Margaret Burbidge (1919–2020) 2003 Trailblazer [96]
Gloria Johnson (1937–2013) 2003 Activist [97]
Ardelia McClure (1933–2013) 2003 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder [98]
Lilia Moreno de Lopez (1928–) 2003 Empowerer [99]
Midge Neff-LeClair (1926–2020) 2003 History [100]
Nancy Reeves 2003 Trailblazer [101]
Beverly Yip (1932–1991) 2003 Activist [102]
Madge Bradley (1904–2000) 2002 Trailblazer [103]
Alemi Daba (1953–) 2002 Empowerer [104]
Jane Dumas (1924–2014) 2002 Historian [105]
Lucy Killea Portrait of San Diego City Council member Lucy Killea (1922–2017) 2002 Activist [106]
Gracia Molina de Pick (1928–2019) 2002 Cultural Competent Bridge Builder. Founder of IMPACT, a grass-roots civil rights organization, and of Comision Femenil Mexicana Nacional [107][108]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Scott, Bonnie Kime; Cayleff, Susan E.; Donadey, Anne; Lara, Irene, eds. (2016). Women in Culture: An Intersectional Anthology for Gender and Women's Studies. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 525. ISBN 9781118541128.
  2. ^ a b Hutchison, Linda (September 16, 2015). "Women's History Museum Chronicles Assistance League Story". La Jolla Light. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
  3. ^ "Women's History Museum and Educational Center". KPBS. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
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  5. ^ a b van Neck-Yoder, Hilda. "Sleeping Porches & Suffragist Banners". Save Our Heritage Organisation. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
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  8. ^ Ondash, E'Louise (July 20, 2022). "The Coast News Group". The Coast News Group. Retrieved October 25, 2022.
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  21. ^ College, Southwestern (April 12, 2023). "California Governor Gavin Newsom appoints Mary Salas to the California Community College Board of Governors". Southwestern College News Center. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  22. ^ "HOLLY SMITHSON". Athena. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  23. ^ "Marie M. Herney". Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  24. ^ "Tamila Ipema". Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  25. ^ "Rosalia Salinas". Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  26. ^ "Josephine Talamantez". Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  27. ^ "Dr. Francine Foster Williams, PhD". Women's Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
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  30. ^ a b c d e "2019 inductees announced for SD Women's Hall of Fame". KGTV. March 1, 2019.
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  36. ^ "Bree Walker". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  37. ^ a b c d e Figueroa, Teri (March 16, 2013). "Lady Trailblazers Get Hall of Fame Honors". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  38. ^ "Jane Booth". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
  39. ^ "Barbara Bry". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  40. ^ "Makeda Dread Cheatom". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  41. ^ "Ingrid Croce". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  42. ^ "Anne Hoiberg". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  43. ^ "Lynn Schenk". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  44. ^ "Margaret Costanza". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  45. ^ "Judy Forman". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  46. ^ "Donna Frye". Women's Museum of California.
  47. ^ "Clara Harris". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  48. ^ "Martha Longenecker". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  49. ^ "Rita Sanchez". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
  50. ^ "Gloria Harris, Ph.D." Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  51. ^ "Justice Judith McConnell". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  52. ^ "Vivian Reznik, M.D., M.P.H". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  53. ^ "Laura Rodriguez". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  54. ^ "Anna Sandoval". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  55. ^ "Charlotte Baker, M.D." Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  56. ^ "Li Rong Cheng". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  57. ^ "Joan Craigwell". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  58. ^ "Edith Dabbs". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  59. ^ "Monique Henderson". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  60. ^ "Marisa Ugarte". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  61. ^ "Kate Yavenditti". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  62. ^ "Bonnie Dumanis". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  63. ^ "Sylvia Hampton". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  64. ^ "Marianne McDonald". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  65. ^ "Judith Munk". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  66. ^ "Elizabeth Riggs". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  67. ^ "Karen Vigneault". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  68. ^ "Belle Benchley". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  69. ^ "Clara Breed". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  70. ^ "Joan Embery". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  71. ^ "Ellen Scripps". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  72. ^ "Patricia Shaffer". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  73. ^ "Sara Vasquez". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  74. ^ "Tanja Winter". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  75. ^ "Nona Canon". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  76. ^ "Jeri Dilno". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  77. ^ "Lucy Gonzales". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  78. ^ "Deborah Lindholm". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  79. ^ "Sally Ride". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  80. ^ "Kate Sessions". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  81. ^ "Ashley Walker". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  82. ^ "Evelyn Clarke". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  83. ^ "Alyce Smith Cooper". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  84. ^ "Anne Ewing". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  85. ^ "Helen Hawkins". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  86. ^ "Ruth Heifetz". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  87. ^ "Alice Hohlmayer". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  88. ^ "Rulette Armstead". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  89. ^ "Herminia Enrique". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  90. ^ "Doris Howell". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  91. ^ "Joan Kroc". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  92. ^ "Mary Maschal". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  93. ^ "Gloria McClellan". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  94. ^ "Jean Stern". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  95. ^ "Alice Barnes". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  96. ^ "Margaret Burbidge". Women's Museum of California.
  97. ^ "Gloria Johnson". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  98. ^ "Ardelia McClure". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  99. ^ "Lilia Moreno de Lopez". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  100. ^ "Midge Neff LeCair". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  101. ^ "Nancy Reeves". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  102. ^ "Beverly Yip". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.; "Asian-Community Leader Yip Dies". Los Angeles Times. November 14, 1991.
  103. ^ "Madge Bradley". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  104. ^ "Alemi Daba". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  105. ^ "Jane Dumas". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  106. ^ "Lucy Killea". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  107. ^ "Gracia Molina de Pick". Women's Museum of California. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
  108. ^ "Educator, social activist Gracia Molina de Pick dies at 91". San Diego Union-Tribune. August 21, 2019. Retrieved December 27, 2023.

Additional sources

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