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William Wirt Adams

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Brigadier General

William Wirt Adams
Nickname(s)"Wirt"
Born(1819-03-22)March 22, 1819
Frankfort, Kentucky
DiedMay 1, 1888(1888-05-01) (aged 69)
Jackson, Mississippi
Buried
Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson, Mississippi
Allegiance Republic of Texas
 Confederate States of America
Service / branchTexas Militia
Confederate States of America Confederate States Army
Years of service1839 (Republic of Texas)
1861-1865 (CSA)
Rank Captain (Texas militia)
Brigadier General (CSA)
CommandsWirt Adams' Cavalry Regiment
Adams' Brigade
Battles / warsAmerican Civil War
Spouse(s)Sally Mayrant
Relations
Other workPostmaster

William Wirt Adams (1819–1888) was a banker, planter, state legislator, and a Brigadier General in the Confederate States Army.[1][2][3]

Early life

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Adams was born in Frankfort, Kentucky, to Anna Weisiger Adams and Judge George Adams[4] (a personal friend to American statesman and orator Henry Clay). He was a brother of Daniel Weisiger Adams, another future Civil War general. In 1825 his family moved to and settled in Natchez, Mississippi. His father was a district court judge for the state of Mississippi from 1836 to 1839. William attended college at Bardstown College in Bardstown, Kentucky. Upon graduation in 1839, he enlisted as a private for the Republic of Texas under Edward Burleson, received a commission to adjutant of the regiment, and was involved in the Military campaign of northeast Texas against Native Americans settled there.

He returned to Mississippi where he married Sallie Huger Mayarant in 1850.[4] There he pursued banking and agriculture in Jackson, Mississippi, and Vicksburg, Mississippi. From 1850 to 1861, he owned and operated a successful business and, from 1858 to 1860, he served two sessions in the Mississippi House of Representatives.[4]

Confederate States Army service

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In 1861, after Mississippi seceded from the Union, Adams was appointed commissioner from Mississippi to Louisiana. As such, he helped the latter to secede from the Union. In February of that year, the Confederate States of America formed in Montgomery, Alabama. President Jefferson Davis offered Adams a cabinet position there as Confederate Postmaster General, but he declined.

After settling his banking interests, he formed and enlisted the Wirt Adams' Cavalry Regiment into the Confederate States Army at Memphis, Tennessee, in August 1861. Later, in September, his command was ordered to Columbus, Kentucky, and then, in October, to Headquarters, General Albert Sidney Johnston, Bowling Green, Kentucky. From there they fought a rear-guard action in the Confederate retreat from Kentucky to Nashville, Tennessee, and subsequently to Corinth, Mississippi. Later, at the Battle of Shiloh, they were positioned on the extreme right flank of the infantry and fought with it near the Tennessee River at Greer's Ford. Then they were on outpost duty during the Siege of Corinth. Later, four of the regiment's companies aggressively attacked and pursued Union Army elements for two miles, near Booneville, Mississippi.

As a colonel, Adams, alongside General Sterling Price, later combined his regiment with an Arkansas regiment under Colonel William F. Slemons at Iuka, Mississippi. Upon leaving General Price, Adams captured a trainload of Union Army troops from Corinth. His orders next took him to Washington County, Mississippi. There he guarded local plantations and observed troop movements in and around Vicksburg, Mississippi. After the fall of Vicksburg, both his regiment and the 28th Mississippi Cavalry harassed and skirmished units under General William Tecumseh Sherman who were advancing on Confederate-held positions.

Commissioned as brigadier general in September 1863, Adams was assigned command of a brigade composed of both his regiment and the command of Colonel Logan. In February 1864, he was ordered to attack General Sherman's advance on Meridian, Mississippi. Near the end of the war, he operated alongside General Nathan Bedford Forrest in Alabama. He and his brigade surrendered near Ramsey Station, Sumter County, Alabama, on May 4, 1865.[4] His farewell address was delivered to his command two days later. His parole is dated Gainesville, Alabama, May 12, 1865.

Later life and death

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Upon the conclusion of the Civil War, Adams resided in Vicksburg and Jackson, Mississippi. In 1880, he was appointed as a Mississippi state revenue agent.[4] He resigned in 1885 and took the position of postmaster in Jackson by appointment of President Grover Cleveland.[4]

In 1888, Adams was made the target of a number of attacks by the editor of the New Mississippian, John H. Martin, a staunch prohibitionist and reform advocate. Adams was rebuked by Martin for, among other things, his role as a character witness in the murder trial of Colonel Jones S. Hamilton, who was ultimately acquitted for killing Roderick D. Gambrell, another newspaper editor and ally of Martin's, in a street duel.[5] On May 1, 1888, Adams, walking on President Street in Jackson with another man, encountered Martin coming from the opposite direction near the corner of Amite Street. After a brief verbal altercation, both men pulled revolvers on each other, Adams firing three times and Martin six. Both died almost immediately with Adams shot through the heart and Martin in the chest, leg, and hand.[6][7] He was buried in Greenwood Cemetery in Jackson.[8]

Photograph

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The Photograph of William Wirt Adams in Era Warner's "Generals in Gray" is incorrect-it is that of his brother Daniel Weisiger Adams.[9]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Wakelyn, Jon L. (1977). Biographical Dictionary of the Confederacy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, Inc. p. 68. ISBN 0-8371-6124-X.
  2. ^ Warner, Ezra J. (1997), Generals in Gray: Lives of Confederate Commanders, Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, pp. 129–130, ISBN 0-8071-0823-5
  3. ^ "Adams, William Wirt (1819–1888)". Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Who Was Who in American History, the Military. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who. 1975. p. 4. ISBN 0837932017. OCLC 657162692.
  5. ^ "A Distinguished Character Whose Long Trial Has Brought Him Into Notice". The Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. April 24, 1888. p. 1. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  6. ^ "A Terrible Tragedy". The Atlanta Constitution. Atlanta, Georgia. May 4, 1888. p. 4. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  7. ^ Oshinsky, David M. (1996). Worse Than Slavery: Parchman Farm and the Ordeal of Jim Crow Justice. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 49–50. ISBN 0-684-82298-9.
  8. ^ Welsh, Jack D. Medical Histories of Confederate Generals Archived 2020-08-02 at the Wayback Machine Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-87338-505-3. Retrieved June 20, 2015. p. 3.
  9. ^ [For a photograph of both brothers together see CiviL War talk Forum.]

Further reading

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  • C.S. War Department (1863), Regulations for the Army of the Confederate States, Richmond: J. W. Randolph
  • Johnson, Allen, ed. Dictionary of American Biography. New York:Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936.
  • Jordon, Brig.-Gen. Thomas; Pryor, John P. (1868). The Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. N.B. Forrest, and of Forrest's Cavalry – with Portraits, Maps and Illustrations. New Orleans and new York: Bielock & Co.
  • Wheeler, Lieut.-Gen. Joseph; Hooker, Col. Charles E. (1899). Evans, Brig.-Gen. Clement A. (ed.). Confederate Military History. Vol. XII. Atlanta: Confederate Publishing.


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