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William Killigrew (1606–1695)

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Sir William Killigrew.
Arms of Killigrew: Argent, an eagle displayed with two heads sable a bordure of the second bezantée. The bezantée bordure indicates a connection to the ancient Earls of Cornwall
A 1638 painting of Killigrew's wife Mary Hill by Anthony van Dyck

Biography

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Sir William Killigrew (1606–1695) of Kempton Park,[1] Middlesex, was an English court official under Charles I and Charles II.[2]

He was the son of Sir Robert Killigrew (d. 1633/5) and Mary Woodhouse, of Kimberley, Norfolk, his wife. He was the elder brother to Thomas Killigrew. By his wife Mary, daughter of John Hill of Honilay, Warwickshire, he had three sons: Henry (d. 1661), William, a captain in the army, and Sir Robert. Their daughter Elizabeth (d. 1677) married Francis Clinton, 6th Earl of Lincoln[3] with whom she had one child, Francis Clinton, who died in infancy.[4] Killigrew was knighted in May 1626. He was elected MP for Newport and Penryn, Cornwall in March 1628, but only sat for the latter. In 1629, he and his father were jointly awarded the Governorship of Pendennis Castle. However, after some trouble, he resigned in favour of Sir Nicholas Slanning[5] in April 1635.

In 1634, he granted a 99-year lease of 6 shares of land (150 acres (61 ha)) in Hamilton Tribe of Bermuda to his uncle, Henry Woodhouse, former governor of Bermuda. The rent was nominal – 100 oranges, 100 lemons and 100 potatoes, payable at the Feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary – but Woodhouse did not keep up the payments. In 1637, Killigrew reclaimed the land.[6] With partners, he attempted to drain the Lincolnshire Fens, an immensely expensive undertaking. This involved him in considerable local strife.[7] During the English Civil War he gave loyal and effective support to the King.

In 1646 he presented himself to the directors of the Levant Company and insisted that he was the king's choice as ambassador to Constantinople. His candidacy was not considered.[8]

At the Restoration he was made the Queen's Vice-Chamberlain, an influential and well-rewarded post. In 1663 Killigrew published A proposal, shewing how this nation may be vast gainers by all the sums of money, given to the Crown,...[9] in which he advocated that the government issue £2m in transferable bonds with the interest being covered by a yearly tax of £300k. The bonds would be for denominations between £5 and £100, mostly in the smaller denominations. The state would provide a regulatory framework to avoid fraud and ensure they were accepted as legal tender.[10]: 101  The proposal was implemented by Secretary of the Treasury, George Downing, who started issuing Treasury Orders. Initially he hoped to side step the financial power of the goldsmith bankers. However, by 1672 most of the orders were in the hands of a handful of such bankers, and so ended up increasing their power.[10]: 103 

From 1664 to 1679 he was Member of Parliament for Richmond in Yorkshire.

He was the author of four plays of some merit.[11] The four dramas, with their dates of publication, are:

  • Ormasdes, or Love and Friendship (1664)
  • Pandora, or the Converts (1664)
  • Selindra (1664)
  • The Siege of Urbin (1666).

The tragicomedy The Siege of Urbin has often been considered his best play. Poet Edmund Waller addressed verses to Killigrew on the subject of Pandora, which indicate that the play was originally a tragedy; Killigrew revised it into a comedy after the tragic version failed onstage.[12]

References

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  1. ^ History of Parliament biography KILLIGREW, Sir William II (1606-1695), of Pendennis Castle, Cornw.; later of Lincoln's Inn Fields, London and Kempton Park, Mdx.
  2. ^ ODNB article by J. P. Vander Motten, ‘Killigrew, Sir William (bap. 1606, d. 1695)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 9 September 2007
  3. ^ Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 31. Killigrew, William by John Joseph Knight
  4. ^ Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003. vol. 2, page 2338
  5. ^ Sir Nicholas Slanning (1606–43), English Civil War hero. Not to be confused with his son of the same name, who was MP for Penryn 1679-89.
  6. ^ College Quarterly (1 June 1976). Genealogies of Virginia Families from the William and Mary College Quarterly. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 520. ISBN 978-0-8063-0955-2. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  7. ^ James Boyce Imperial Mud: The Fight for the Fens, Icon Books, 2020.
  8. ^ Daniel Goffman, Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642-1660 (Seattle & London, 1998), p. 90.
  9. ^ "A proposal, shewing how this nation may be vast gainers by all the sums of money, given to the Crown, without lessening the prerogative humbly offer'd to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and to the knights, citizens, and burgesses, assembled in Parliament / by William Killigrew ; to which is prefix'd the late Honourable Sir James Sheene's letter on the same subject and the proposer's answer". quod.lib.umich.edu.
  10. ^ a b Wennerlind, Carl (2011). Casualties of Credit: The English Financial Revolution, 1620-172. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  11. ^ "some merit": this is the judgement of the 1911 edition of Britannica. ODNB assigns them "limited literary value", but great historical interest.
  12. ^ James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps and David Erskine Baker, A Dictionary of Old English Plays, London, J. R. Smith, 1860; p. 188.
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