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William James Blacklock

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William James Blacklock
Blacklock illustrated by Thomas Heathfield Carrick
"The Chapel at Haddon Hall" 1853[1]
Born(1816-03-03)3 March 1816
Shoreditch, London, England
Died12 March 1858(1858-03-12) (aged 42)
Dumfries, Scotland
NationalityBritish
OccupationLandscape artist

William James Blacklock (3 March 1816 – 12 March 1858)[2] was an English landscape painter, painting scenery in Cumbria, the Lake District and the Scottish Borders.[3]

Biography

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Blacklock was born in Shoreditch, London, the second of five children. His father was James Blacklock (1782–1823), a bookseller and publisher, and his mother was Mary Ann Blacklock (née Pearson) (1784–1853).[2]

The Blacklock family had roots in Cumberland dating back to the 1730s,[4] and in 1818 they moved from London to the small village of Cumwhitton, about eight miles east of Carlisle, where the family owned property and farmed.[2] They are believed to have lived in Cumwhitton House, a detached, double fronted sandstone property dating back to 1818.[5]

As a boy, Blacklock was apprenticed to Charles Thurnam, a publisher and bookseller in Carlisle and a friend of his father.[2] He was, however, keen on drawing and decided to pursue a career as an artist.[6] Carlisle had become an important artistic centre since the Academy of Art had opened in 1823, and Blacklock was taught there by the Carlisle artist Matthew Ellis Nutter.[7] Blacklock exhibited at the Academy in 1833,[8] and was described as a "rising artist" with a "feeling for nature and a correctness of taste."[9]

Blacklock moved to London in 1836 and lived there until 1850, enjoying increasing success and renown. His picturesque style was likened to that of William Mulready and he was praised by such artists as J. M. W. Turner, David Roberts and Thomas Creswick. He exhibited four pictures at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1836, and went on to show a total of eleven pictures at the Society of British Artists, four at the British Institution and thirty six at the Royal Academy of Arts during the period 1835–1855. It is believed that Blacklock may have seen the cleaning of old masters in the National Gallery in 1844–45, which would have been an invaluable experience in terms of the evolution of his own technique.

In 1847 William Ewart Gladstone bought Blacklock's painting Lanercost Abbey. James Leathart and Lord Armstrong, both Tyneside industrialists and art collectors, bought several of Blacklock's paintings in the early 1850s, through Blacklock's admirer and friend of the Pre-Raphaelites, William Bell Scott.

However, by 1850 Blacklock's health and eyesight were deteriorating, and he moved back to Cumwhitton and worked in a studio in Stanwix just outside Carlisle until 1854, when illness and the loss of sight in one eye made work increasingly difficult.[2] In November 1855 his youngest brother Thomas had him admitted to the Crichton Royal in Dumfries, suffering from an illness described as "monomania of ambition and general paralysis."[10] The Institution pioneered the use of artistic activity in treating patients, and his case notes indicate that he continued to draw until mid-1857; a drawing of a cathedral and a watercolour of Craigmillar Castle produced during this time have been attributed to him.[8] After this he suffered further mental deterioration and died in the Crichton on 12 March 1858 of general paresis of the insane, or syphilis, aged 42.[2]

He was buried in Cumwhitton on 16 March 1858.[2] An extract from his obituary described him as a "truthful and unpretending artist, who wooed nature rather than popular favour."[11]

Assessment

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An old mill near Haweswater, 1854

William Bell Scott recognised the early Pre-Raphaelite precision in Blacklock's technique and his great power of truth; indeed it was Scott and his artistic friends (almost certainly including Rossetti), who used Blacklock's painting Barnard Castle of 1852–53 to try to study his luminous glazes over a white ground which had been developed over many years.

Blacklock thereafter developed into an artist of great power. The Steps at Haddon Hall, exhibited in 1848 at the Norwich Exhibition, has been described as the first thorough going mature white ground technique Pre-Raphaelite-influenced English landscape painting,[who?] and both its technique and inclusion of Huguenot figures, representing a thematic trend in British art of the period, as seen in John Everett Millais's later A Huguenot (1851–52).

Although Blacklock's art can be described as semi-photographic, Blacklock rejected Ruskin's exact copying of truth to nature and the Victorian faith in facts for his own inner thoughts and imagination.

Geoffrey Grigson had written in the mid-twentieth century that "Blacklock, I reflect, belongs to the generation of Courbet, that creative wonder between Romanticism and Impressionism: he comes after Constable and after Corot,"[12] adding that Blacklock participated differently in a naturalism of vision and imagination which changed the arts by the middle of the 19th century, and was related to a broader artistic response at the time to newly valued works of the Italian Renaissance by Giorgione and Giovanni Bellini. Writing in a Sotheby's sale catalogue in 2010, Christopher Newall noted that, "Although hard to place in the evolving pattern of progressive landscape painting in the mid-nineteenth century, Blacklock is an important and intriguing figure who may be regarded as a pivot between the early nineteenth-century landscape school and the achievements of Romanticism, and the earnest and obsessive innovation of the Pre-Raphaelite school."[13] Blacklock's finished oils are very rare, with the largest collection of his work is housed in the Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, which also owns around a dozen watercolors and drawings by the artist

Works

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His works include:

Galleries

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Blacklock's works are in the following collections:

References

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  1. ^ "www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2009/victorian-edwardian-art-l09688/lot.17.html". sothebys.com. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rosenfeld, Jason (2004). "Blacklock, William James (1816–1858)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2526. Retrieved 6 August 2009. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ^ "Local Artists". Tullie House Museum and Arts Services, Carlisle. 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2009. [dead link‍]
  4. ^ a b "Victorian / Edwardian Paintings – William James Blacklock – Lakeland Mountains". 24 August 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  5. ^ "Cumwhitton House, Cumwhitton, Brampton, CA8 9EX". Cumbrian Properties. 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  6. ^ a b c d e Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1885). Dictionary of National Biography. George Smith. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  7. ^ "Siddal Elizabeth Eleanor". geometry online learning centre. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  8. ^ a b c Cultural Services department of Dumfries and Galloway Council (2006). "William James Blacklock". in the Artists' Footsteps. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
  9. ^ Carlisle Journal. 2 November 1833. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. ^ Park, Maureen (2003). "Early Examples of Art in Scottish Hospitals, 2: Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries". Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine. 26 (4): 142–146. doi:10.1080/01405110310001636837. ISSN 1745-3054. PMID 14718195. S2CID 35084630.
  11. ^ "Obituary of W. J. Blacklock". Art Journal: 157. 1 May 1858.
  12. ^ Country Life Magazine, 4 July 1974.
  13. ^ Christopher Newall, William James Blacklock - Esthwaite Lake and the Langdale Pikes, Victorian/Edwardian Paintings, 13 July 2010, Sothebys Sale Catalogue, 2010.
  14. ^ "Gilnockie Tower | Art UK".
  15. ^ The Mirror Of Literature, Amusement (1847). "The Mirror of Literature,Amusement,and Instruction.VOL.I.January to June,1847".
  16. ^ a b c "William James Blacklock". artnet. 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
  17. ^ "Sotheby's - Auctions - Calendar - Victorian & Edwardian Art". Sotheby's. 9 December 2008. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  18. ^ "William James Blacklock (1816–1858) | Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery". Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2015.

Sources

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Media related to William James Blacklock at Wikimedia Commons

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