William J. Fox

Brigadier General William J. Fox
Fox as a colonel
Birth name	William Joseph Fox
Born	(1897-12-23)December 23, 1897 Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.
Died	April 11, 1993(1993-04-11) (aged 95) Fillmore, California, U.S.
Allegiance	United States
Service / branch	United States Army United States Marine Corps
Years of service	1918–1932 (Army) 1932–1941 (USMCR) 1941–1947 (USMC)
Rank	Brigadier General
Commands	VMS-7R USMCR squadron Marine Corps Air Station El Toro Henderson Field
Battles / wars	World War II Guadalcanal campaign (WIA)
Awards	Legion of Merit Distinguished Flying Cross Purple Heart Air Medal (x3)
Alma mater	University of Southern California Loyola Law School

Brigadier General William Joseph Fox (December 23, 1897 – April 11, 1993) was a United States Marine Corps officer and engineer. Fox oversaw the construction various military airfields, including Marine Corps Air Station El Toro in Irvine, California and Henderson Field in Guadalcanal, both of which he commanded. Fox also served as a civil engineer for the Los Angeles County from 1923 to 1955, after which, he moved to Mexico where he became a charro (a Mexican horse rider). The General William J. Fox Airfield in Lancaster, California is named after him.

Early life

William Joseph Fox was born on December 23, 1897, in Trenton, New Jersey. He graduated from high school in 1915 and completed an apprenticeship in carpentry.

Military career

In 1918, Fox enlisted in the United States Army. He trained and studied at the University of Southern California (USC). Fox was selected to join officer candidate school, and by 1925, he attained the rank of sergeant. Beginning in 1925, Fox took flying lessons at Mines Field, the modern-day Los Angeles International Airport, and after obtaining his pilot license, Fox was a flight instructor. In 1926, Fox became a military officer and was given the rank of second lieutenant. He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1929, but later resigned his commission in 1932. By then, he had accumulated 200 flying hours and he was commissioned into the United States Marine Corps Reserve as a student pilot with the rank of First Lieutenant. He earned his Wings of Gold once he completed his student pilot program. He eventually returned to USC where, in 1937, he graduated as a Bachelor of Engineering. On 16 December 1940, Fox was given command of the VMS-7R United States Marine Corps Reserve squadron in Long Beach, California. In March 1941, Fox played the role of a stunt double for actor Errol Flynn in the film Dive Bomber. He was later inducted in the Hollywood Stuntman's Hall of Fame for his role in the film.

Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Fox was activated from the Marine Corps Reserve to active service. During World War II, Fox flew bombers and constructed military bases, some of which he commanded. In 1942, he selected three Marine Corps Air Stations (MCAS)—Mojave (Auxiliary), El Centro, and Santa Barbara—and constructed a fourth—El Toro—to train pilots and crews for service in the Pacific Theater of World War II. Fox also designed four more military bases in southern California, including the Los Alamitos Airfield. After making these selections, Fox was mobilized to the Pacific Theater himself. He oversaw the construction of the Henderson Field in Guadalcanal and later commanded the airfield. On January 31, 1943, Fox suffered a spine injury when he fell off a 40-foot high bluff during a Japanese bombing of Guadalcanal for which he received a Purple Heart. After his injury, he returned to the United States and served as the commander of MCAS El Toro from 1943 to 1944, during which, he flew a captured a Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero as a part of an aerial demonstration in San Diego. He was promoted to brigadier general in 1947 upon which he retired from military service.

Civil engineering career

The General William J. Fox Airfield which was named after Fox in 1959

Sometime after graduating from USC, Fox attended the Loyola Law School. In 1923, he began working as a civil engineer for the Los Angeles County, and in 1926, he became the chief engineer of the Los Angeles County Planning Commission. In 1933, following the Long Beach earthquake, Fox was appointed as the chief engineer of the Department of Building and Safety and the coordinator of Public Works and Grants. He also served as a member of the California State Planning Commission from 1934 to 1937. During World War II, Fox received a leave of absence from the Los Angeles County and retained all of his positions with the county.

In 1951, Fox was given the title of "county engineer" and oversaw five of the county's engineering departments. In 1954, Fox recommended the construction of an airfield in the Antelope Valley; his recommendation was approved by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, and on November 14, 1959, the General William J. Fox Airfield was inaugurated and named in his honor. Fox retired from civil engineering in 1955 and resigned from all his chief engineer and coordinator positions.

Later life and death

In 1959, Fox moved to San Miguel de Allende, Mexico where he wanted to learn the Spanish language so that he could move to Spain to retire. While there, however, he stated that he "liked the horses, the surrounding country and the people I met" and eventually remained in Mexico and became a charro, a type of Mexican horse rider. He became a member of the San Miguel charro team and later the Mexico national charro team. While in Mexico, Time columnist Ed Ainsworth described Fox becoming a charro as "utterly incredible [...] because this is undoubtedly the most exclusive organization of strictly Mexican horsemen imaginable, built upon a tradition going back not only to Spain but to Arabia itself, home of the horse so favored by the Mexicans". Fox lived in Mexico until 1981 when he returned to the United States and settled in Fillmore, California.

Fox died in Fillmore on April 11, 1993. He was buried in Trenton.

Dates of ranks

The following table lists the ranks Fox held and his dates of promotion:

Insignia	Rank	Service branch	Date of promotion
	Private	Army	1918
	Corporal	Army	19??
	Sergeant	Army	1925
	Second Lieutenant	Army	1926
	First Lieutenant	Army	1929
		Marine Corps Reserve	1932
	Captain	Marine Corps Reserve	193?
	Major	Marine Corps Reserve	1938
		Marine Corps	1941
	Lieutenant Colonel	Marine Corps	1942
	Colonel	Marine Corps	1942
	Brigadier General	Marine Corps	1947

Awards and decorations

Among Fox's awards and decorations included the Legion of Merit with "V" device, the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Purple Heart, and the Air Medal with two oak leaf clusters. He also received a special letter from United States Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal for commanding the VMS-7R USMCR squadron for 4 years.

Further reading

• Fox, William J.; Holden, Edward A. (1989). Seven Decades of Planning and Development in the Los Angeles Region: General William J. Fox. Vol. 1. Los Angeles, California: University of Southern California. OCLC 36968616. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
• Oliver, Myrna (April 16, 1993). "El Toro Base Designer William Fox Dies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 12, 2023.