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November 28

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I'm researching developments and trends in corporate laws and governance, specifically focusing on alternate dispute resolution mechanisms like arbitration, mediation, and conciliation in India. Could you provide insights, recent updates, and comparative studies in commercial arbitration across industries such as Pharma, Real Estate, Information Technology, Telecom, and Electricity? Additionally, I'm interested in the future perspective of mediation laws and procedures in India, and the legal impact of arbitration, mediation, and conciliation on corporate functioning and growth. Any relevant information or references would be highly valuable. Thank you! Grotesquetruth (talk) 08:08, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]

No particular expertise here, but a quick Google search brought up:
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
Alansplodge (talk) 17:48, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]

The Reichenau Primer (opposite Pangur Bán)

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next door to the cat

On the first recto page of the Reichenau Primer is the text of the famous poem about Pangur Bán. On the page facing that is some weird grid of diagonal words, with rows numbered up to 29, but no identification on the columns. What can it be?

Closeup here. Marnanel (talk) 15:13, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Some, if not all of the entries seem to be astrological signs, shortened as necessary - e.g. aqua for aquarius, vir for virgo. Mikenorton (talk) 15:38, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]
[ec] It's some kind of calendar table. In the first row are the twelve month names; in the rightmost column there are obviously numbers from 1 to 30, and in the cells there are names of the signs of the zodiac, starting with "aquā[rius]" in the first cell of row 2. I can make out "pisces" in the second, followed by "aries", "taurus", "gemini", "cancer", "leo", "virgo", "libra", "scorp[io]", "sagit[tarius]", "caprico[rnus]". As you can see, there is usually the same word in each cell within each bottom-left-to-top-right diagonal. I can't tell you anything about the deeper meaning of the arrangements, but it seems to be a mapping from zodiac signs to single days of the year. Fut.Perf. ☼ 15:42, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]
There's a caption under the grid! I can't quite make out the first word, which looks something like "Archie" or "Mechie", but the rest of it says "of the Benediktinershift St. Paul in Kärnten", which must refer to Saint Paul's Abbey, Lavanttal, Corinthia. Hope this helps. --142.112.220.31 (talk) 15:58, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Oh, never mind, that just leads us back to Reichenau Primer, which was mentioned at the top. I see we already have that the thing contains "astronomical tables", so... --142.112.220.31 (talk) 16:02, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]
That's of course just the library rubber stamp, it's modern and obviously unrelated to the page contents. The first word is "Archiv" (Archive). Fut.Perf. ☼ 16:03, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Oh! Of course. I should've noticed that the letterforms were different. --142.112.220.31 (talk) 23:05, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]
It seems to show which constellation of the zodiac the moon is in on each day of the lunar month. The start of the month is a new moon, so the moon is in the same constellation as the sun: see for example [6]. Note that the bottom row is identical to the top row because the synodic month is a little longer than the sidereal month: Lunar month. --Amble (talk) 18:48, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]

An assembly with no minority/opposition should be dissolved

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This [7] 19th century Jewish work, section 20 of Benjamin Aryeh Hakohen Weiss's "Even Yekarah”, refers to an ancient gentile text (this usually means Ancient Greece, but not necessarily) which specifies that when the state government has no minority/opposition members, it should be dissolved and reappointed because of the importance of opposition. Can anyone help me identify the ancient text in question? Amisom (talk) 19:06, 28 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]

As far as I know, organized political parties are an Enlightenment thing. I think that earlier United States did not have them. Earlier there could be alliances of individuals but they would not be as permanent as to label someone as "opposition".
Political party says:
The idea of people forming large groups or factions to advocate for their shared interests is ancient. Plato mentions the political factions of Classical Athens in the Republic,[1] and Aristotle discusses the tendency of different types of government to produce factions in the Politics.[2]
[...]
However, modern political parties are considered to have emerged around the end of the 18th century; they are usually considered to have first appeared in Europe and the United States of America, with the United Kingdom's Conservative Party and the Democratic Party of the United States both frequently called the world's "oldest continuous political party".[3][4][5][6]
You can check if The Republic (Plato) and Politics (Aristotle) deal with opposition.
Opposition (politics) has no history section.
Politics (Aristotle) says:
In chapter 11, Aristotle explains the wisdom of the crowd phenomenon: "[I]t is possible that the many, no one of whom taken singly is a sound man, may yet, taken all together, be better than the few, not individually but collectively."[2]: III.11  This is one argument for letting a broad base of people engage in political decision-making even though none of them are individually particularly qualified to do so.
[...]
Aristotle gives some advice about how to preserve and stabilize various types of constitutional order:[2]: V.8–9,11 
[...]
  • The health of the constitution depends on more people wanting to maintain it than to overthrow it. Avoid alienating any portion of the population, but instead try to bring everybody to the table. Beware of taking good-sounding principles to extremes: Either absolute democracy or absolute oligarchy will fall victim to its excesses.
It sounds like what you quote.
--Error (talk) 19:16, 4 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]
  1. ^ Plato (1935). The Republic. Macmillan and Co, Ltd. p. 462.
  2. ^ a b c Aristotle (1984). The Politics. The University of Chicago Press. p. 135.
  3. ^ Metcalf, Michael F. (1977). "The first "modern" party system? Political parties, Sweden's Age of liberty and the historians". Scandinavian Journal of History. 2 (1–4): 265–287. doi:10.1080/03468757708578923.
  4. ^ Chhibber, Pradeep K.; Kollman, Ken (2004). The formation of national party systems: Federalism and party competition in Canada, Great Britain, India, and the United States. Princeton University Press.
  5. ^ Dirr, Alison (24 October 2016). "Is the Democratic Party the oldest continuous political party in the world?". Politifact Wisconsin. Archived from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  6. ^ Stanek, Wojciech (1996). Konfederacje a ewolucja mechanizmów walki politycznej w Rzeczypospolitej XVIII wieku. Olsztyn: Interpress. pp. 135–136.
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