Wikipedia:Main Page history/2021 October 12b

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From today's featured article

United States v. Washington was a case heard in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington and the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. It reaffirmed the right of American Indian tribes in the State of Washington to act with the state as co-managers of salmon and other fish in line with treaties signed by the U.S. with the tribes. The tribes of Washington had ceded their land, but reserved the right to fish using traditional methods (example pictured), including at traditional locations off the designated reservations. A 1974 decision by federal judge George Boldt held that the tribes were entitled to half the catch each year. In 1975 the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld this ruling, and in 1976 the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the case. When the state refused to enforce the court order, Boldt ordered the Coast Guard to enforce his rulings. In a later case, Justice John Paul Stevens summarized: "Both sides have a right, secured by treaty, to take a fair share of the available fish." (Full article...)

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In the news

Diana Kipyokei

At the Boston Marathon, Diana Kipyokei (pictured) and Benson Kipruto win the women's and men's races, respectively.
Alexander Schallenberg becomes Chancellor of Austria following the resignation of Sebastian Kurz.
The Nobel Prize in Economics is awarded to David Card for his work in labour economics, and to Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens for their work in causal relationships.
Following the Czech legislative election, Spolu agree to a coalition with Pirates and Mayors, with Spolu leader Petr Fiala as the prime minister.

On this day

October 12: National Day in Spain (1492)

Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin

1398 – The Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights Konrad von Jungingen signed the Treaty of Salynas, the third attempt to cede Samogitia to the Knights.
1799 – Jeanne Geneviève Garnerin (pictured) became the first woman to make a parachute descent, falling 900 m (3,000 ft) in a hot-air balloon gondola.
1871 – The Criminal Tribes Act entered into force in British India, giving law enforcement sweeping powers to arrest, control, and monitor the movements of the members of ethnic or social communities that were defined as "habitually criminal".
1984 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army detonated a bomb at the Grand Hotel in Brighton, England, in a failed attempt to assassinate British prime minister Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet.

Thomas Dudley (b. 1576)
Arthur Harden (b. 1865)
Sheila Florance (d. 1991)

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Today's featured picture

Artists producing banknotes in Colonial America began experimenting with copper plates as an alternative to wood engraving in the early 18th century. Applied to the production of paper currency, copper-plate engraving, and later steel engraving, enabled banknote design and printing to rapidly advance during the 19th century. This engraved vignette appeared on certain United States five-dollar bills issued in 1875. Produced for the Department of the Treasury's Bureau of Engraving and Printing, the engraving is of John Vanderlyn's painting Landing of Columbus, which hangs in the United States Capitol rotunda. It depicts Christopher Columbus landing on San Salvador Island on October 12, 1492, on the first of his voyages to the New World.

Engraving credit: Bureau of Engraving and Printing, after John Vanderlyn; restored by Andrew Shiva

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