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Integrating Patient-centered Outcomes Research into Wikipedia
TEACHING RESOURCES

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Given Wikipedia's use in the educational setting, numerous online resources exist to help educators start their own Wikipedia teaching projects, teach Wikipedia editing, and monitor Wikipedia editors. This project page includes a list of available online resources compiled from Wikipedia project pages and recent publications. While integrating general Wikipedia educational resources, this project page focuses on the use of Wikipedia in education for health services and draws on resources from the WikiMedia Foundation Events Dashboard, PCORI, Cochrane, and others.

  • For more information on Wikipedia editing initiatives in higher education in North America, the Wiki Education Foundation provides support and resources. For those from countries outside of North America, numerous local Wikimedia groups often provide support (e.g.: Wikimedia UK in the United Kingdom).

Wikipedia in Courses for Health Professional Students

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A range of health professions courses are utilizing Wikipedia as a teaching tool. Wikis/Wikipedia have been integrated into courses using a variety of educational approaches. In several instances, the courses focus on teaching health professional students (e.g., medical, dental, nursing trainees) to edit health care articles on Wikipedia in order to learn medical content, engage critically with biomedical research, and improve Wikipedia. These courses have been found to increase student knowledge of Wikipedia[1][2] as well as their knowledge of health care resources. Students reported increased comfort with reading and analyzing primary literature[3] and core medical content.[4] Other positive results for students in courses that included Wiki/Wikipedia editing tasks included improving collaboration and teamwork skills, having their work read by a diverse audience, and enjoying the opportunity to contribute to a highly accessed public resource.[5][3][2][6] The student-edited articles from these courses were frequently highly viewed, with views becoming more frequent after their edits.[1][5][7] Researchers tracking articles edited in their courses found that the edits the students made remained after the course ended.[1] Students did experience some challenges in the courses. When editing Wikipedia students struggled between making edits that were comprehensive and readable, frustration with Wikipedia coding, difficulty engaging with the Wikipedia editors/community, and distrust of Wikipedia editors as content experts.[5][6] However, students increased their confidence in the Wikipedia process and understanding of Wikipedia, with some students even planning to continue to edit after the course activities were over.[2]

Wikipedia Student Information Page and Editing Guides

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In response to numerous teaching initiatives on Wikipedia, Wikipedians created an information page with suggestions for developing student assignments editing Wikipedia. This page contains information for instructors on best practices for course design, including a specific section for editing medical articles.

Wikipedia relies on volunteer editors and the Wikipedia community provides many resources and guidelines about how to edit in Wikipedia. Some basic Wikipedia sites are listed here:

Those who edit medical articles in Wikipedia follow strict guidelines, which include Wikipedia's Guideline for Reliable Sources for Medical Articles and Medical Manual of Style. We encourage educators to first familiarize themselves with these guidelines before sharing evidence on Wikipedia.

Wiki Education

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Wiki Education is 501(c) nonprofit organization designed to connect higher education and Wikipedia. Their Wikipedia Student Program includes a range a resources for university faculty who incorporate Wikipedia assignments into their courses.

WikiProject Medicine

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WikiProject Medicine was developed to manage and help in curation of Wikipedia's medical articles. WikiProject Medicine has generated a number of resources that are helpful for university faculty who incorporate Wikipedia assignments into courses in the health care fields. WikiProject Medicine has created a resource to guide new student editors of Wikipedia pages about healthcare. This notice for students includes information about proper Wikipedia editing formats and is designed to be added to student talk pages.

  • WikiProject Medicine [1] How to edit medical content in Wikipedia

Additional Wikipedia Teaching Resources

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There are a number of additional resources to develop a course which edits Wikipedia pages. These resources include tutorials, style guides, practice activities, videos, and other supports.

Introduction to medical editing video








Building a Case for Wikipedia Editing in Courses

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Wikipedia is used as a resource by those in the medical fields as well as by patients and the public to understand a range of health issues and to access health information. Many studies have been conducted to better understand the reliability, accuracy, and readability of health information in Wikipedia. These studies have had mixed findings. Factual errors, information deficiencies, and incomplete information were identified in the articles.[8][9][10] Some research has indicated that this may be a particular challenge for Wikipedia articles in languages other than English.[11] For some health topics, studies found that Wikipedia provided sufficiently accurate information for students in the medical fields.[12][13] However, the same recommendations made for Wikipedia use were not necessarily made for patients or the general public.[13][14] Many of the studies found Wikipedia articles required beyond high school grade-level readability and were not considered to be patient-centered. [15][16][17][18][13][14]

Evidence-Based Medicine Resources

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MedEdPORTAL is an open-access journal that provides teaching and learning resources for the health professions published by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), in partnership with the American Dental Education Association. Some of the faculty offering Wikipedia courses to students in the health professions have integrated their courses into evidence-based medicine (EBM) practices in order to create authentic EBM experiences. The MedEdPORTAL guide provides additional EBM teaching resources.

PCOR Resources

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Students in the health care fields have indicated that one of the challenges of Wikipedia tasks is managing to make edits that are comprehensive and readable for patients.[5][6] Research has also found that Wikipedia health articles are not patient-centered and at a recommended readibility level for the general public.[13][14] To better support patient-centered outcomes research, PCORI and other organizations have developed tools and resources for teaching researchers, students, patients, caregivers, clinicians, and other healthcare stakeholders about PCOR.

SciScanner

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We have been collaborating with researchers at the Insight Center for Data Analysis at University College Dublin to customize the SciScanner application for patient centered outcomes research (PCOR) research discovery. SciScanner is a free meta-search application for health-related scientific research. This application searches several scientific evidence platforms (like the Cochrane library, Medline, Wikipedia and YouTube) simultaneously, to help users find research and resources relevant to specific health information needs.

PCOR-SciScanner Project Overview

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SciScanner searches across 25 million scientific artifacts to help identify content that covers treatment, diagnosis, aetiology, prognosis and clinical prediction. SciScanner can be used to find primary research (including randomised controlled trials), systematic reviews, meta-analyses and consensus articles. The SciScanner App is available on the Apple App store and Google Play store, and has been customized to include a search limited to PCOR and PCORI-funded research. These search options are based on PubMed searches that utilize PCORI in the Literature search hedge.

SciScanner App Information

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SciScanner

Presentations and Media

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August 17 2019, Wikimania: https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2019:Health/A_meta-search_engine_for_science:_combining_Wikipedia_with_Pubmed,_Cochrane_and_YouTube_to_fulfil_%E2%80%98information_needs%E2%80%99_in_healthcare.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Apollonio, Dorie; et al. (November 20, 2018). "Pharmacy students can improve access to quality medicines information by editing Wikipedia articles". BMC Medical Education. 18 (1): 265. doi:10.1186/s12909-018-1375-z. PMC 6245851. PMID 30454046.
  2. ^ a b c Evenstein Sigalov, Shani; Nachmias, Rafi (2017-11-01). "Wikipedia as a platform for impactful learning: A new course model in higher education". Education and Information Technologies. 22 (6): 2959–2979. doi:10.1007/s10639-016-9564-z. ISSN 1573-7608. S2CID 254413189.
  3. ^ a b Chiang, C. D.; et al. (August 2012). "Learning chronobiology by improving Wikipedia". Journal of Biological Rhythms. 27 (4): 333–336. doi:10.1177/0748730412449578. ISSN 1552-4531. PMID 22855578. S2CID 206545353.
  4. ^ Donaldson, Ross; et al. (November 2016). "Development and usage of wiki-based software for point-of-care emergency medical information". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 23 (6): 1174–1179. doi:10.1093/jamia/ocw033. PMID 27121610.
  5. ^ a b c d Azzam, A; et al. (February 2017). "Why Medical Schools Should Embrace Wikipedia: Final-Year Medical Student Contributions to Wikipedia Articles for Academic Credit at One School". Academic Medicine. 92 (2): 194–200. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001381. PMC 5265689. PMID 27627633.
  6. ^ a b c Murray, Heather; et al. (2018). "Wikipedia medical page editing as a platform to teach evidence-based medicine". BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. 23 (Suppl 1): A12–A13. doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2018-111024.24. S2CID 158656094.
  7. ^ Weiner, Shira Schecter; et al. (2019-03-18). "Improving the Quality of Consumer Health Information on Wikipedia: Case Series". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 21 (3): e12450. doi:10.2196/12450. ISSN 1439-4456. PMC 6441860. PMID 30882357.
  8. ^ Azer, Samy A. (February 2014). "Evaluation of gastroenterology and hepatology articles on Wikipedia: are they suitable as learning resources for medical students?". European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 26 (2): 155–163. doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000000003. ISSN 1473-5687. PMID 24276492. S2CID 7760287.
  9. ^ Phillips, Jennifer; et al. (August 2014). "Analysis of the accuracy and readability of herbal supplement information on Wikipedia". Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 54 (4): 406–414. doi:10.1331/JAPhA.2014.13181. ISSN 1544-3450. PMID 25063262.
  10. ^ Reilly, Timothy; et al. (April 2017). "Accuracy and completeness of drug information in Wikipedia medication monographs". Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 57 (2): 193–196.e1. doi:10.1016/j.japh.2016.10.007. ISSN 1544-3450. PMID 27866956.
  11. ^ López Marcos, Paula; Sanz-Valero, Javier (February 2013). "[Presence and adequacy of pharmaceutical preparations in the Spanish edition of Wikipedia]". Atencion Primaria. 45 (2): 101–106. doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2012.09.012. ISSN 1578-1275. PMC 6985508. PMID 23159792.
  12. ^ Kräenbring, Jona; et al. (2014-09-24). "Accuracy and Completeness of Drug Information in Wikipedia: A Comparison with Standard Textbooks of Pharmacology". PLOS ONE. 9 (9). Christian Lovis (ed.): –106930. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j6930K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106930. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4174509. PMID 25250889.
  13. ^ a b c d Thomas, Garry R.; et al. (April 2013). "An evaluation of Wikipedia as a resource for patient education in nephrology". Seminars in Dialysis. 26 (2): 159–163. doi:10.1111/sdi.12059. ISSN 1525-139X. PMID 23432369. S2CID 23361618.
  14. ^ a b c Tulbert, Brittain H.; et al. (March 2011). "Readability of Patient-oriented Online Dermatology Resources". The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology. 4 (3): 27–33. ISSN 1941-2789. PMC 3070466. PMID 21464884.
  15. ^ Brigo, F; et al. (March 2015). "Clearly written, easily comprehended? The readability of websites providing information on epilepsy". Epilepsy & Behavior. 44: 35–9. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.12.029. PMID 25601720. S2CID 24972881.
  16. ^ McEnteggart, Gregory E.; et al. (August 2015). "Readability of Online Patient Education Materials Related to IR". Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 26 (8): 1164–1168. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2015.03.019. ISSN 1535-7732. PMID 25935147.
  17. ^ Modiri, Omeed; et al. (2018). "Readability and quality of wikipedia pages on neurosurgical topics". Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 166: 66–70. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.01.021. ISSN 1872-6968. PMID 29408776. S2CID 3544057.
  18. ^ Punia, Vineet; et al. (December 2014). "Comparison of neurological healthcare oriented educational resources for patients on the internet". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 21 (12): 2179–2183. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2014.05.043. ISSN 1532-2653. PMID 25194822. S2CID 45947522.
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