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White Blood Cells

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White Blood Cells
A male and female stand are pestered by black silhouettes in front of a brick wall on what appears to be snowy ground. A black border outlines the artwork. Dominant colors are red, black, and white.
Studio album by
The White Stripes
ReleasedJuly 3, 2001 (2001-07-03)
RecordedFebruary 2001
StudioEasley-McCain (Memphis, Tennessee)
Genre
Length40:25
LabelSympathy for the Record Industry
ProducerJack White
The White Stripes chronology
De Stijl
(2000) 		White Blood Cells
(2001) 		Elephant
(2003)
Singles from White Blood Cells
  1. "Hotel Yorba"
    Released: November 12, 2001[1]
  2. "Fell in Love with a Girl"
    Released: February 25, 2002[2]
  3. "Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground"
    Released: July 1, 2002[3]

White Blood Cells is the third studio album by American rock duo the White Stripes, independently released by the Sympathy for the Record Industry on July 3, 2001. Recording took place in Memphis, Tennessee at Easley-McCain Recording over three days, and was produced by guitarist and lead vocalist Jack White. Production was rushed in order to capture a "real tense feeling" and the band's energy, and was their first album to be mastered in a studio.

Following their success releasing two albums within the Detroit music scene, the White Stripes departed from their blues-inspired roots and opted for a simple garage rock sound. They promoted White Blood Cells with a trio of shows in Detroit weeks before its release. They also released three singles to promote the album: "Hotel Yorba", "Fell in Love with a Girl", and "Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground", which are among the band's best-known songs. The song "We're Going to Be Friends" was later issued to rock radio but did not receive a commercial single release.

White Blood Cells received widespread acclaim from music critics, and brought the band to the forefront of the 2000s garage rock revival. It peaked at number 61 on the Billboard 200 and became their first album to sell over a million copies, earning platinum certifications from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It is considered one of the greatest albums of the 21st century and of all-time, and has been included on several all-time lists.

Recording

[edit]

After rehearsing for a week,[4] The White Stripes recorded White Blood Cells over three days in February 2001, at Easley-McCain Recording in Memphis, Tennessee.[5][6][7] Meg was initially hesitant about rushing the recording process, believing the songs were "too new" and required more practice.[8] Rushing the record, however, was done in order to keep the album "as unorganized as possible" and get "a real tense" feeling.[9][10]

It was the band's first time recording, mixing and mastering their music in a 24-track recording studio, and Jack asked recording engineer Stuart Sikes more than once "not to make it sound too good."[8][11] According to Stuart Sikes, in order to save money, the first 12 tracks of the tape were used for one song, while on the remaining 12 tracks, another song would be recorded.[12]

The album was dedicated to Loretta Lynn, creating a friendship between Lynn, Jack and Meg; Jack later produced Lynn's 2004 album Van Lear Rose.[13] Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald created an online-only art project, titled Redd Blood Cells, in which he added a bass track to the otherwise bass-less album. The White Stripes arranged with Steven to take the files down after more than 60,000 downloads.[14]

Composition

[edit]
"The Union Forever" takes almost all of its lyrics from Jack's favorite film, Citizen Kane (1941).[15]

Continuing the stripped-down garage rock nature of the duo, White Blood Cells features less of the band's blues rock influences, instead displaying a more raw, basic, and primitive rock and roll sound.[16] Shortly before the release of White Blood Cells, Jack asserted that "There's no blues on the new record. We're taking a break from that. There's no slide work, bass, guitar solos, or cover songs. It's just me and Meg, guitar, drums and piano."[4][11] All material on White Blood Cells is original, and is one of two White Stripes albums to not feature any covers.[4]

The lyrics featured in White Blood Cells explore love, hope, betrayal, and paranoia, brought on by the increasing media attention the duo began receiving.[16][17] Some of the songs were written in the band's early years. "Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground" was written by Jack before the duo released their debut album The White Stripes in 1999; it is speculated to be based on the end of Jack and Meg's marriage, though neither have commented on the matter.[18] Some material for White Blood Cells was also inspired by other side-projects of Jack.[19] Jack said being able to utilize his older works was "cool because a lot of things had been sitting around for a long time, stuff I had written on piano that had been just sitting around not doing anything. And it was good to put them all together at once, put them all in the same box and see what happened."[11]

"Little Room" is "homily", written in response to White's favorite song, "Grinnin' in Your Face" by Son House.[20] "The Union Forever" contains allusions to Citizen Kane (1941), Jack's favorite film, and nearly every line in the song comes from the movie;[15] Warner Bros. was once rumored to be suing the band over copyright infringement for Citizen Kane.[21] "Hotel Yorba" is based on the former hotel of the same name, which was a couple of blocks from Jack's childhood home.[4] Two consecutive tracks described by Stylus Magazine's Andrew Unterberger as engaging filler, "I Think I Smell a Rat" features lines that rhyme with "rat", while "Aluminum" is a heavy metal instrumental that features Jack and Meg screaming wordlessly over a sludgey guitar riff akin to early Nirvana.[22]

Artwork

[edit]

The cover art of White Blood Cells depicts Jack and Meg surrounded by people wielding television and video cameras, which was intended to both comment and satirize on the music industry.[10] Jack said in a 2001 interview: "When does music become a business and why do we have to be suckered into it? Why do we have to buy a cell phone, you know what I mean? A lot of that stuff upsets me. It gets annoying."[4] The name for the album was chosen as "this idea of bacteria coming at us, or just foreign things coming at us, or media, or attention on the band, it just seems to us that there are so many bands from the same time or before we started that were playing and are still playing that didn't get this kind of attention that we're getting. Is the attention good or bad? When you open the CD, it's a picture of us with these cameras. Wondering if it's good or bad."[11]

Release

[edit]

To promote the album, the White Stripes performed three shows in Detroit at the Gold Dollar, Magic Bag, and Magic Stick three weeks before the album's release.[11][23][24] White Blood Cells was released by the Sympathy for the Record Industry label on July 3, 2001,[25] and received a major label re-release on V2 Records in 2002.[26][27] Third Man Records released White Blood Cells XX, a companion album to White Blood Cells, in April 2021, which included home demos, early studio mixes, alternate takes, and a live show from September 6, 2001 at Headliner's in Louisville, Kentucky.[28]

Reception and legacy

[edit]
Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic86/100[29]
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[30]
Alternative Press8/10[31]
Los Angeles Times[32]
NME8/10[33]
Pitchfork9.0/10[34]
Q[35]
Rolling Stone[36]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide[37]
Uncut[38]
The Village VoiceA[39]
White Blood Cells brought the band to international fame. Members Jack (left) and Meg White (right) became key figures in the 2000s garage rock revival.

White Blood Cells received universal acclaim, propelling the band to the forefront of the 2000s garage rock revival.[40] It is considered a defining album of the period.[41][42] Review aggregating website Metacritic reports a normalized score of 86 out of 100 based on 16 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[43] This makes White Blood Cells the White Stripes' second highest-scoring album on the website as of 2024. The stripped-down garage rock sound of the album drew praise in the UK, and in the US soon afterward,[44][45] with several outlets praising their "back to basics" approach.[46][47][48] The album earned platinum certifications from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It peaked at number 61 on the Billboard 200 and number 55 in the United Kingdom, bolstered by the "Fell in Love with a Girl" single and its Lego-animation music video.[49][50]

AllMusic editor Heather Phares wrote: "Jack and Meg White's third effort for Sympathy for the Record Industry wraps their powerful, deceptively simple style around meditations on fame, love, and betrayal… it's precisely this mix of strength and sweetness, among other contrasts, that makes the White Stripes so intriguing. Likewise, White Blood Cells' ability to surprise old fans and win over new ones makes it one of the Stripes' finest albums."[25] Paul Travers of Louder called it "one of the first great albums of the 21st century" and their best album.[51] Dan Killan and Ryan Schreiber of Pitchfork said that "Jack and Meg White summon the Holy Spirit and channel it through 16 perfectly concise songs of longing, with dirty, distorted electric guitar cranked to maximum amplification, crashing, bruised drums, and little else. They don't innovate rock; they embody it."[52] Rolling Stone said that, on White Blood Cells, "Jack's Delta-roadhouse fantasies, Detroit-garage-rock razzle and busted-love lyricism, as well as Meg's toy-thunder drumming all peaked at once."[53] Joe Hagan of The New York Times declared that the White Stripes "have made rock rock again by returning to its origins as a simple, primitive sound full of unfettered zeal."[54]

White Blood Cells was included on many "best of 2001" year-end lists, including Blender,[55] Rolling Stone,[56] Mojo,[57] and Kerrang!'s top 20,[58] and NME,[59] Pitchfork,[60] and The Village Voice's top 10.[61] The A.V. Club and Uncut ranked White Blood Cells the best album of the 2000s.[62][63] Billboard,[64] Rolling Stone,[65] NME[66] and Pitchfork[67] featured the album within the top 20 of their rankings of the best albums of the 2000s. Consequence of Sound, The Daily Californian, Glide, and Under the Radar featured the album within the top 30 of their respective lists.[68] The album appeared on The Guardian's "1000 Albums To Hear Before You Die" list and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's "200 Definitive Albums" list in 2007.[69][70] Rolling Stone included it on their "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" list in 2012.[53] NME included it on their list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time" in 2013.[71][a] It was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[72]

White Blood Cells on selected critic rankings
Publisher Year Accolade Rank Ref.
A.V. Club 2009 Top 50 Albums of the 2000s 1 [62]
Billboard 2009 Top 20 Albums of the 2000s 11 [73]
Consequence of Sound 2009 Top Albums of the 2000s 7 [74]
Mojo 2006 The 100 Greatest Albums of Our Lifetime 1993–2006 28 [75]
NME 2009 The 100 Greatest Albums of the 2000s 19 [76]
2013 The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time 77 [71]
Pitchfork 2009 Top 200 Albums of the 2000s 12 [77]
Q 2001 The Best 50 Albums of 2001 39 [78]
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 2007 Definitive 200 Albums of All Time 178 [70]
Rolling Stone 2002 Top 100 Albums of the 2000s 19 [79]
2012 500 Greatest Albums of All Time 497 [80]
Slant Magazine 2010 Top 250 Albums of the 2000s 68 [81]
Spin 2005 Top 100 Albums of the Last 20 Years 57 [82]
2010 125 Best Albums of the Past 25 Years 87 [83]
Uncut 2009 The 150 Greatest Albums Of The 21st Century So Far 1 [84]
Universe Publishing 2005 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die Placed [72]

Track listing

[edit]

All lyrics are written by Jack White; all music is composed by Jack and Meg White

No.TitleLength
1."Dead Leaves and the Dirty Ground"3:04
2."Hotel Yorba"2:10
3."I'm Finding It Harder to Be a Gentleman"2:54
4."Fell in Love with a Girl"1:50
5."Expecting"2:03
6."Little Room"0:50
7."The Union Forever"3:26
8."The Same Boy You've Always Known"3:09
9."We're Going to Be Friends"2:22
10."Offend in Every Way"3:06
11."I Think I Smell a Rat"2:04
12."Aluminum"2:19
13."I Can't Wait"3:38
14."Now Mary"1:47
15."I Can Learn"3:31
16."This Protector"2:12
Total length:40:31
Japanese edition bonus tracks[85]
No.TitleLength
17."Jolene"3:09
18."Hand Springs"2:57

Personnel

[edit]

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.[86]

The White Stripes

Production

  • Stewart Sikes – engineering, mixing
  • Fred Kevorkian – mastering

Artwork

  • "The Third Man" – layout and design
  • Patrick Pantano – photography

Charts

[edit]

Certifications and sales

[edit]
Certifications for White Blood Cells
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[100] Gold 35,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[101] Gold 50,000^
Netherlands (NVPI)[102] Gold 40,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[103] Platinum 300,000*
United States (RIAA)[105] Platinum 1,114,000[104]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ White Blood Cells is placed at 77, but is under the name De Stijl because of a misprint/typo.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "New Releases – For Week Starting November 12, 2001: Singles". Music Week. November 10, 2001. p. 29.
  2. ^ "New Releases – For Week Starting 25 February 2002: Singles". Music Week. February 23, 2002. p. 35.
  3. ^ "Going for Adds". Radio & Records. No. 1459. June 28, 2002. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b c d e Maerz, Jennifer (June 5, 2001). "Sister? Lover? An Interview with The White Stripes". Spin. ISSN 0886-3032. Archived from the original on June 11, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
  5. ^ Boone, Joe (June 5, 2014). "The Easley-McCain Era". Memphis Flyer. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  6. ^ Herrington, Chris (July 1, 2007). "Made in Memphis". Memphis Magazine. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  7. ^ Pittenger, Frank (May 2004). "Stuart Sikes: White Stripes, Loretta Lynn, Cat Power, more..." Tape Op. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  8. ^ a b McCollum, Brian (April 13, 2003). "A Definitive Oral History: Revealing The White Stripes". Detroit Free Press. Gannett. ISSN 1055-2758. Archived from the original on February 19, 2011. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
  9. ^ Giannini, Melissa (May 30, 2001). "The sweet twist of success". Metro Times. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  10. ^ a b Irwin, Corey (July 3, 2021). "Why White Stripes Made 'White Blood Cells' 'As Raw As Possible'". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  11. ^ a b c d e Giannini, Melissa (May 29, 2001). "The Sweet Twist of Success". Metro Times. Times-Shamrock Communications. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
  12. ^ "White Blood Cells XX feat. Stuart Sikes". Acast. The Third Men Podcast. November 17, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
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Works cited

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[edit]
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