Welland House Hotel
| Welland House Hotel | |
|---|---|
 A modern photograph of the building before it was destroyed by a fire | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | St. Catharines |
| Country | Canada |
| Coordinates | 43°09′23″N 79°14′52″W / 43.1563049°N 79.2478617°W |
| Opened | 1856[1] |
The Welland House Hotel was a historic building located on 26-30 Ontario Street in Downtown St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. The hotel spa resort was one of many in Upper Canada during the Victorian era. It closed in 1993.[1] As of 2020, the site was in the process of being designated as a heritage site to prevent future demolition.[2] Its last use was as a student residence, and then sat vacant. On July 12, 2021; it was destroyed in an early morning fire.[3]
Early history
[edit]The property on which the spa would eventually be built was originally purchased by William Hamilton Merritt, a businessman who was inclined to render salt through boiling local saline water instead of importing it from Onondaga County, New York, as such imports were costly. Merritt sold the property to William Chase, who commissioned the saltworks to have a bathhouse built alongside it.[4] The facility was racially segregated and refused to serve black patrons. This policy was changed in 1854 after black employees formed an organized protest.[5]
Chase eventually sold the bathhouse to his competitor Colonel E.W. Stephenson.[6] Stephenson used the property to open the Welland House Hotel as an overflow site for the nearby Stephenson House.[1] At its peak, the hotel could accommodate 400 guests.[7] St. Catharines had many freedom seekers and the hotel provided paid wages to people starting a life in the city.[1] Hotel spa resorts were fashionable in Upper Canada during the Victorian era.[8] St. Catharines had three major spas of its own: the Welland House Hotel, the Stephenson House, and the Springbank.[9] The Welland House Hotel was constructed near Twelve Mile Creek to take advantage of the purported benefits of its mineral waters.[8] Visitors were typically upper class citizens seeking leisure or relief from illness through spa therapy.[10] Visitors from the United States were rumoured to be there for espionage during the American Civil War, as both confederate and union figures stayed at the hotel.[11]
Notable guests
[edit]- Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava[12]
- John A. Macdonald[12]
- John Sandfield Macdonald[12]
- Mary Anna Custis Lee[12]
- Mary Todd Lincoln[12]
- Preston Brooks[12]
Later use
[edit]In November 1909, Mary Malcolmson started the first North American Girl Guide troop at the Welland House.[a]
A private maternity hospital named the Wellandra operated in the Welland House Hotel by 1910.[13] The back of the building may have been used for this purpose.[14] During the Spanish flu pandemic, the top floor of the Welland House was used for patients.[15] After the hospital closed, small businesses utilized the space.[11]
From 1930 to 1938, the second floor of the Welland House hosted the CKTB radio station.[16] This was the first radio station to exist in St. Catharines.[17] The Alibi Room at the Welland House was known to be a meeting place for gays and lesbians in the 1960s to 1970s.[18] Before the Welland House Hotel was destroyed by a fire, it was most recently used as a student residence building.[17]
Destruction and demolition
[edit]A fire destroyed the Welland House on July 12, 2021.[3] The vacant building was in the process of potentially being designated as a heritage site to prevent future demolition. However, in the early hours of July 12, 2021, emergency crews were called out to the Welland House regarding a large fire.[19] Investigators have concluded that the fire started on the third floor of the building but were not able to determine any likely causes.[20] Demolition of the remaining debris was delayed. It was anticipated to take longer than other demolition projects as a result of attempting historical preservation where possible.[21] Debris remained when demolition suddenly ceased in July 2022 as a result of a financial dispute. In February 2023, an estimated 80% of the demolition process had been completed.[22] The demolition permit was applicable until July 2023.[23] In August 2023, the City of St. Catharines ordered the property owner to remove remaining debris through enforcement of a bylaw.[24]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "History from Here: The Welland House Hotel at 30 Ontario Street". St. Catharines Museum Blog. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Walter, Karena. "Welland House slated for heritage designation". The St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ a b "Fire destroys old Welland House hotel in St. Catharines". The Standard. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
- ^ Prunskus 2006, p. 24.
- ^ Mayor's Advisory Committee for Black History – Interpretive Framework and Feasibility Study for a Black History Interpretive Centre. The City of St. Catharines (Report). p. 14. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ Prunskus 2006, p. 61.
- ^ Prunskus 2006, p. 68.
- ^ a b Prunskus 2006, p. 1.
- ^ Prunskus 2006, p. 5.
- ^ Prunskus 2006, p. 6.
- ^ a b Maxwell, Jessica. "Fugitive slaves, spies and Grace Kelly: Why fire destroying Welland House Hotel is a 'huge loss'". CBC News. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Prunskus 2006, p. 73.
- ^ Prunskins, Lynne. The Last Resort: Spa Therapy and the Docile Body in Victorian St. Catharines (PDF). Brock University. p. 68. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
- ^ Narhi, Brian; Hoerdt, Mark; Humeniuk, Andrew. Cultural Heritage Report for the Welland House Hotel, 26-30 Ontario Street, Lot 1129, Corporation Plan 2, St. Catharines (Report). St. Catharines Heritage Advisory Committee. p. 27.
- ^ Walter, Karena. "The time St. Catharines went through a pandemic". The Standard. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ^ Gannon, Dennis. "Yesterday and Today: The silver spire that surfed the airwaves for CKTB". The Welland Tribune. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ^ a b Innes, Alison. "Loss of Welland House Hotel highlights need to preserve heritage: Brock profs". Brock University. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ^ McLeod, Donald (1996). Lesbian and Gay Liberation in Canada: A Selected Annonated Chronology, 1964-1975. Toronto ECW Press. p. 280. ISBN 9780968382929.
- ^ Redmond, Don. "Fire guts historic Welland House Hotel in St Catharines". Insauga. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ Heslop, Bonnie. "Cleanup will start at Welland House Hotel Site in St. Catharines next week". iHeart Radio. Bell Media. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- ^ Nicolauo, Victoria. "Welland House debris cleanup stalls". St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- ^ Green, Abby. "Financing issues blamed for pause of Welland House demolition in downtown St. Catharines". St. Catharines Standard. Niagara This Week. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
- ^ Green, Abby. "Financing issues blamed for pause of Welland House demolition in downtown St. Catharines". Niagara This Week. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ Walter, Karena. "Welland House property served cleanup order". St. Catharines Standard. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ According to the monument located between Queen Street and Church Street in St. Catharines
Sources
[edit]- Prunskus, Lydia (2006). The Last Resort: Spa Therapy and the Docile Body in St. Catharines (PDF) (Thesis). Library and Archives Canada. pp. 1–115.