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Wahla

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Bahlika kingdom in the map of ancient India 500 bce

Wahla is a title used by the rajputs of Pakistan, India and Germanic and Gothic tribe in Europe as well as Vladimir in Russia and volodimir in Ukraine. When we discuss the title we should understand about the Yaz culture of Oxus (Amu drya of Central Asia), Hinduism of Sindhu river or ancient Chinese culture. There was a society divided among major four classes based on their profession. Brahmin Kshatriya Vaishya and Shudra called caste or Four varnas. This title Wahla / Walha /Vahla/ Vala / Bahla / Balhara/ Bala / Pala/ Pal / Bal and Wara /Vara or Waraha used by kshatrya or Royal class of the said regions some differ due to accent.

Origin

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People who used this title belonged to caucasian race especially Turanid race dwelt from caucasian mountain and developed Khvalynsk culture and volosovo culture on middle and lower Volga river and ural basin in central Russia related to lapponide[1] favoured foraging hunting and fishing.[2] They worship bear for its power while dog and pig were domesticated for their economic value.[3] These people abandoned their bone carving technology after learninxg early metal work[2] and spoke Proto indo euorpion language . Later entered eastern Europe from north or north east of black sea which became known as Scythia, and Balkans and there they spoke language called Paleo-Balkan languages . They also entered Mesopotamia and Cannan through Levant as Mitanni and Iranian plateau introduce Baal dul kurnain ( mean he who poses two horns ) and established Babylon in near about 2000 BC and spoke Akkadian language north west semitic called Amorites peoples "Amurru in akkadian " applied culture to built walls and lived in fortified cities and Anatolian languages which was later named Parthian art,[4] also found in Mediaeval Europe and Byzantine art which is also known as Greco-Buddhist art of north India[5] The name of the said people attested by awīlū Gimirrāya (𒇽𒄀𒂆𒊏𒀀𒀀) in akkadian[6][7] literatures .In Babylonian sense the dynasty rendered as palu or pale in samitic as bale and akkadian as awala or wale expressed as palû or palê, referring to a line of kings from the same tribe or ethnic group (the Kassite dynasty), the same area (the Sealand dynasties), or the same city (the Babylon and Isin dynasties).[8] On the other hand, entered into central Asia from Volga river and they developed cities east of Caspian sea called Merv on silk road today Mari of Turkmanistan,[9] Kath, Khiva known as Khwarazm and Vahlika Kingdom[10][11][12][13] later known as Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Bactria of Greeks and Balkh of the mediaval the whole area known Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex since mid 3rd millennium BC. People spoke Bactrian language later known asTurkhari in Tokharistan and people known as Tokhara Yabghus in 6th century AD and also known as Hephthalites or white Huns capital at Kunduz .Turkish in central Asia and Durgari or Dogri language in India and Tocharian languages in area adjacent to Mangolia and Pahlavi scripts of Parthian Empire. The title used by Russian as Vladimir Ukrainian as Volodymyr ostrogothic as Valamir Turco Mongol as Barlas 1. Timur was born into the Turkicized Barlas confederation in Transoxiana (in modern-day Uzbekistan) in the 1320s, Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370. From that base, he led military campaigns across Western, South, and Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Southern Russia, defeating in the process the Khans of the Golden Horde, the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria, the emerging Ottoman Empire, as well as the late Delhi Sultanate of India ancestors of Indian ruler known as mughal .

History

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Hephthalites (torkharistan) valabhi can also be seen

The people called Wahla were said to be the ancient ruler of a kingdom called Vahlika Kingdom of central Asia existed on and before 600BC till 332BC and later called Bactria (satrapy) by Greeks and the center of Greco bactrian kingdom and known by the name Balkh later on . The roots of this kingdom spread across four directions and across the Hindu kush as well . The Athervavida Parisista of ramyana associate Vahlikas with Saka Yavanas and Tushara or Tukhara.[13][12] Menander I[14] of Greco bactrian made his base in Sakala[15][16] and established Indo-Greeks (sources) and used the title Basileus meaning monarch or king of king . Another extension was vallapura[17][18] Bahlim called by Athervavida Parisista ancient name of jammu and Kashmir . Pravarasena II thought to be the son of Toramana ruler of Alchon Huns or Walxon Huns established Pravarapura / vallapura probably modern Srinagar summer capital of Kashmir [19][20] while Vallapura modern Jammu remain for winter . They were first mentioned as being located at Paropamisus and entered in north west India and Europe at the same time period as Attila . The 6th century Roman historian Procopius of Caesarea wrote in his book 1 chapter 3 related the Hun of Europe with who subjugated Sassanids and invaded north west India, stating that they were of samedentary, white skkinned and possessed " not ugly " features.[21][22] Ephthalities Hun who are called white huns are of stock of huns but do not mingle with any of huns known to us, there territory immediately north of Persia . They are not nomads like the other hunnic people but they established a better and goodly land for the long period before not near or linked the land of other hunnic people . They followed the lawful constitution and ruled by a King possess white bodies and unlike to their kins man . They observe right and justice not only with each other but with their neighbours too, in no degree less than Roman or Persians .[23] Rajatarangini discussed in his book of kalhana about the various kings of this race.[24] Another seat of extension is Vallabhipura[15][16] in Indian Surashta later known Gujarat . They were the excellent warrior and horse rider and domesticated world's excellent breed of war horses.[25][26]

Cornel James Tod discussed about this race in his book annals of Mewar and stated the sun of the thirty six royal races of the world .[27]

The second emerge of these people named Yuezhi from Altai mountain splited one migrated westword called Da Yuezhi means greater Yuezhi and established Greco Kushan empire based Bactria and the other called lesser Yuezhi and entered through Tibetan plateo up to bay of Bangal and former known as Kushan Empire and also established Pala Empire Mathura Malwa and Rashtrakuta Empire alongside Pushkalavati modern Peshawar . The king Kanishka of this empire used the title Vallabha or prithvi Vallabha and linked themself with Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. The Northern Satraps of Rajuvula, Western Satraps and Indo-Scythians also used the title Basileus or bala.[28] Hun of central Asia also used the title wals wali means King of king in Tocharian[28] at Kunduz named Hephthalites . In east establish Balhae and Volhynia Governorate in Russia and marched towards Europe up to Wales .

Background

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The site map of the day[29] says that Walha is a proto-Germanic word that means "foreign" . and the dictionaray sansagntstated that Walh (singular) or Walha (plural) (ᚹᚨᛚᚺᚨ) is an ancient Germanic word, meaning "foreigner", "stranger" or "roman". The site wordaz states that The Anglo-Saxons called the Romano-British *Walha, meaning 'Romanised foreigner' or 'stranger'. The Welsh continued to call area as Welschland, which has the same etymology as the English Welsh (see Walha). In Germany Welsch and Welschland refer to Italy. The adjectival form is attested in Old Norse valskr, meaning 'French'; Old High German walhisk, meaning 'Romance'; New High German welsch, used in Switzerland and South Tyrol for Romance speakers; Dutch Waals 'Walloon'; Old English welisċ, wælisċ, wilisċ, meaning 'Brythonic'. The forms of these words imply that they are descended from a Proto-Germanic form *walhiska-. and the economy term . Volcae was a confederation of the tribes created after the raid if combined Gauls in 277 bc.The Volcae tribes were found in southern Gaul, Moravia, the Ebro valley of the Iberian Peninsula, and Galatia in Anatolia Alternatively, the name Uolcae has been derived by some scholars from the PIE name of the wolf, *wḷkʷos. In the Old English it has also been described as wealc- ('hawk'), which has no known cognate in other Germanic languages, was most likely borrowed from Old Brittonic *wealkos. In particular, the Gaulish personal name Catu-uolcos has an exact parallel in the Welsh cadwalch ('hero, champion, warrior')

The debate prove that these people were invaders thus referred to be "foreigners" and had good administrative and military abilities and due to which they were referred as wolf and hawks by some scholars.

Walhalla is the German form of Old Norse Valhöll, which is commonly anglicised as Valhalla. These people also believed in a life after death for the warriors who fell while fighting which is similar to the Norse belief which makes it seem like these people are related or descendants of kurgan cave which built tombs for the dead . In short it seems we are discussing WALHA the ancient Germanic and gothic tribe used this term in historical contexts and books that cover this topic may include works on Germanic and Gothic history such as "The Goth in the fourth century " by Peter Heather0[30]

In the Gothic language, the Goths were called the *Gut-þiuda ('Gothic people') or *Gutans ('Goths)or jat in India means "archer" establish Gothland in Europe also called Jutland .we also found the ancient Gutian rule in Mesopotamia .The Proto-Germanic form of the Gothic name is *Gutōz, which co-existed with an n-stem variant *Gutaniz, attested in Gutones, gutani, or gutniskr. The form *Gutōz is identical to that of the Gutes and closely related to that of the Geats (*Gautōz).[31]

Etymology

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The actual etymology of Walha/Wahla is from proto indo European Welh[32](chosen one ).In proto italic waleo in Latin valeo which means to rule or be strong. In proto Germanic waldana which also means to rule or be strong. In pre proto Germanic welhdati and veldeti which means to possess or govern. In proto Celtic it was known as walatros which translates to ruler. In proto tocharian A it was known as wal which means king. In proto tocharian B it was known as walo which also means king. In proto Celtic it was known as walos meaning prince or chief .[33] The term Walha generally means "chosen one " the ruler, world ruler, lord, Master, protector, an excellent warrior or one among all is the endonym . The origin or etymology of English word valour, valiant, validate and valentine is Latin word valar plural of vala according to vocabulary. Com .

Borrowed from Latin murrus ("wall") from vollum doublet of wall comes from this word via Germanic borrowing from Latin. Vallume or plural vallumes or valla ( historical ancient Rome ) a rampart, a wall as in a fortification .

Probably from Proto-Italic *walso, from Proto-Indo-European *uh₂lso-, itself perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Compare Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”).

vallume n (genitive valli ) second declension .

Wall, rampart, entrenchment

Descendants

Italian Vallo

Catalan vall

Galician valo

purtogues valo vala

Spanish valla

Albanian avulli

English vallume ( learned)

Czech val

Polish wal

Romanian val

Proto west Germanic wall

[34][35][36]

References

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  1. ^ Anthony, David W.; Brown, Dorcas R.; Mochalov, Oleg D., eds. (2016). A Bronze Age landscape in the Russian steppes: the Samara Valley Project. Monumenta archaeologica. Los Angeles, California: UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. ISBN 978-1-938770-05-0.
  2. ^ a b Kir'iak, M. A. (2007). Early Art of the Northern Far East: The Stone Age. Anchorage: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Shared Beringian Heritage Program. p. 96. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Shared Beringian Heritage Program. 2007. ISBN 9780160822223.
  3. ^ Pungetti, Gloria; Oviedo, Gonzalo; Hooke, Della (2012). Sacred species and sites: advances in biocultural conservation. Cambridge, UK New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-521-11085-3.
  4. ^ Parthians stations", 1st century BCE. Mentioned in Bopearachchi, "Monnaies Greco-Bactriennes et Indo-Grecques", p52. Original text in paragraph 19 of Parthian stations
  5. ^ Rostovtzeff: Dura and the Problem of Parthian Art.
  6. ^ Parpola, Simo (1970). Neo-Assyrian Toponyms. Kevelaer, Germany: Butzon & Bercker. pp. 132–134.
  7. ^ Pstrusinska, Jadwiga; Fear, A. T., eds. (2000). Collectanea Celto-Asiatica Cracoviensia. Cracow: Księg. Akademicka. pp. 71–100. ISBN 978-83-7188-337-8.
  8. ^ Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2018). A history of Babylon, 2200 BC-AD 75. Blackwell history of the ancient world. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4051-8899-9.
  9. ^ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund, ed. (2007). Historic cities of the Islamic world. Leiden; Boston: Brill. p. 401. ISBN 978-90-04-15388-2.
  10. ^ Vayu I.45.115.
  11. ^ Vamana 13.37
  12. ^ a b AV-Par, 57.2.5
  13. ^ a b Early East Iran and the Atharvaveda, Persica-9, 1980, p 106, Dr Michael Witzel
  14. ^ Strabo, Geographia 11.11.1 p.516 Casaubon. 15.1.2, p. 686 Casaubon, "tribes" is Jones' version of ethne (Loeb)
  15. ^ a b The Puranas Text of the Dynastics of the Kali Age, p 50, Dr P. E. Pargiter
  16. ^ a b Geographical Data in Early Puranas, p 127, Dr M. R. Singh
  17. ^ Ramayana, 4/44/23
  18. ^ Mahabharata, II.27.20-23
  19. ^ Kalhaṇa's Rājataraṅgiṇī. 2: Book VIII. Notes, geographical memoir, index, maps ([3.] repr., 1. ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 1989. pp. 439–441. ISBN 978-81-208-0370-1.
  20. ^ Litvinskij, Boris Anatol'evič, ed. (1996). History of civilizations of Central Asia. 3: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750 / ed.: B. A. Litvinsky. Paris: UNESCO Publ. p. 169. ISBN 978-92-3-103211-0.
  21. ^ Procopius of Caesarea: Tyranny, History, and Philosophy at the End of Antiquity, Anthony Kaldellis, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012, p.70
  22. ^ Staying Roman: Conquest and Identity in Africa and the Mediterranean, 439–700, Jonathan Conant Cambridge University Press, 2012 p.259
  23. ^ Procopius, History of the Wars. Book I, Ch. III, "The Persian War"
  24. ^ Kalhaṇa; Stein, Aurel (1961). Kalhaṇa's Rājataraṅgiṇī: a chronicle of the kings of Kaśmīr (repr ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0368-8.
  25. ^ Upamiti 474
  26. ^ History and Culture of Indian People, The age of Imperial Kanauj, p 405, Dr R. C. Majumdar, Dr A. D. Pusalkar.
  27. ^ Tod, James. Annals of mewar.
  28. ^ a b History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE, Sonya Rhie Quintanilla, BRILL, 2007, p.170 [1]
  29. ^ "Walha". 3 June 2022.
  30. ^ Heather, Peter J. (1998). The Goths. The peoples of Europe (1. publ. in paperback ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-20932-4.
  31. ^ Andersson 1998a, pp. 402–03
  32. ^ https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction%3AProto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82welh%E2%82%81-
  33. ^ "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂welh₁-", Wiktionary, the free dictionary, 2024-03-19, retrieved 2024-04-09
  34. ^ Vaan, Michiel de (2008). Etymological dictionary of Latin and the other italic languages. Leiden Indo-European etymological dictionary series. Leiden: Brill. p. 652. ISBN 978-90-04-16797-1.
  35. ^ vallum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), Oxford: Clarendon Press
  36. ^ vallum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), New York: Harper & Brothers
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