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Vlatko Hercegović

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Vlatko Hercegović
Duke of Saint Sava
Reign1466–1482
PredecessorStjepan Vukčić Kosača
Bornc. 1428
Died1489
probably Istanbul
Noble familyKosača
SpouseA half-sister of Ulrich II of Celje,
An Apulian noblewoman
FatherStjepan Vukčić Kosača
MotherJelena Balšić
Fortress of Novi, built by Tvrtko I in 1382, with its newly founded port immediately became economic hub of the kingdom and later winter seat of Stjepan and his son Vlatko.

Vlatko Hercegović (Serbian Cyrillic: Влатко Херцеговић; c. 1428–1489), was the second and the last Herzog of Saint Sava, succeeding his father Stjepan Vukčić in 1466.[1]

Succession

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After the fall of the Bosnian kingdom in 1463, herceg Stjepan Vukčić, lord of its southernmost province, lived for another three years, enough to see the kingdom's complete dismantling. For this Stjepan blamed his eldest son Vladislav Hercegović. On 21 May 1466, the old and terminally ill duke dictated his last words, recorded in a testament, and bypassing Vladislav he condemned him by saying that it was him who "brought the great Turk to Bosnia to the death and destruction of us all". The next day, on 22 May 1466, the duke died.[2]

Stjepan Vukčić was succeeded as herceg by his second and younger son Vlatko Hercegović, who struggled to retain as much of the territory he could.

Continued struggle

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However, Blagaj, the Kosača capital, fell in 1466, while Ključ fort between Nevesinje and Gacko was cut off from the main part of his territory, although Vlatko's actions against the Ottomans were mostly concentrated around this fort with limited success. A few years earlier, in August 1464, he was wounded and forced to take a refuge in the Republic of Ragusa.[3] In 1467 he came with his Apulian bride to Ragusa.[4]

Počitelj fell in 1471, however, herceg Vlatko already in 1470 realized that only radical change in his politics could bring him some release, so he pursued and achieved a peace with the Ottomans. In the same year, the Ottomans excluded Hum from the Bosnian Sanjak, and established a new, separate sanjak with its seat in Foča, the Sanjak of Herzegovina.

The very last remnants of the Bosnian state were these stretches of land held by Vlatko in Hum, while he moved his residence to his last capital, Novi.[5] He also gave up his agreement with Ottomans, after just a few years or so, just about the same time when his younger brother, Stjepan, assumed highest office of the Ottoman navy as Ahmed Pasha Hercegović (around 1473) in Istanbul. After his marriage in 1474, he reconciled with his older brother Vladislav.[5]
Just before the death of Sultan Mehmed II, Vlatko tried one more push to the heart of Bosnia, but abandoned by his allies his venture ended in disaster, after which he completely and finitely withdraw to his fortress in Novi.[6]

Fall

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These frequent attacks by Vlatko, and the death of Mehmed II, prompted new sultan, Bayezid II, to decide to annex Novi and its harbor, along with whatever territory that remained. In November 1481, Ajaz-Bey of the Sanjak of Herzegovina besieged Novi, however, just before 14th December of 1481 Vlatko gave up resisting, and agreed with the Ottomans to move with his family to Istanbul. Ajaz-Bey captured it probably at the end of January 1482.[7] Now the entire territory of Herzegovina was reorganized into the already established Sanjak of Herzegovina with the seat in Foča,[8] later in 1580, becoming one of the sanjaks of the Bosnia Eyalet.[9] This signified the ultimate disappearance of what was the last remaining independent instance of the medieval Bosnian state.[5]

Family

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His father Stjepan married three times and had four children with his first wife Jelena, who was mother of Vlatko and his siblings.

Vlatko's siblings were older sister, Katarina, who was the oldest, older brother Vladislav, and younger Stjepan, who was the youngest and who converted to Islam in 1470 after which he took the name Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha and was five-time grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire.

His father's second wife, a Catholic princess Barbara, gave birth to at least two children, a son (1456), a short-lived child whose name is not known, and daughter Mara, but no other information exists about these children.

Ancestry

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References

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  1. ^ Ćirković 1964, p. 336: Chepter 7: Slom Bosanske države; Part 3: Pad Bosne
  2. ^ Ćirković 1964, p. 341: Chepter 7: Slom Bosanske države; Part 3: Pad Bosne
  3. ^ Radovan Samardžić (1892). Istorija srpskog naroda: Doba borbi za očuvanje i obnovu države 1371-1537. Srpska knjiiževna zadruga. ...y Босни које је био преотео херцегов син Влатко. Од Турака су страдале и северне херцегове области. Влатко Херцеговић је у августу 1464. био присиљен да се рањен склони у Дубровник.
  4. ^ Kosta N. Kostić (1899). Trgovinski centri i drumovi po srpskoj zemlji u srednjem i novom veku: istorisko-geografska rasprava. Štamp. D. Dimitrijevića. дође у Дубровник Владислав Херцеговић") 1466 Херцег Степан") a 1467. са својом невестом Пуљанком Влатко Херцеговић.").
  5. ^ a b c Ćirković 1964, pp. 340–341: Chepter 7: Slom Bosanske države; Part 3: Pad Bosne
  6. ^ Ćirković 1964, pp. 336–341: Chepter 7: Slom Bosanske države; Part 3: Pad Bosne
  7. ^ M. Bešić, Zarij (1970), Istorija Crne Gore / 2. Crna gora u doba oblasnih gospodara. (in Serbian), Titograd: Redakcija za istoiju Crne Gore, p. 321, OCLC 175122851, Ајас је почео опсаду Новог у новембру 1481. год. с неких 2.000 војника....Угарска посадакоја га је држала предала се, вјероватно крајем јануара 1482
  8. ^ Ćirković 1964, p. 339: Chepter 7: Slom Bosanske države; Part 3: Pad Bosne
  9. ^ Istorisko društvo Bosne i Hercegovine (1952). Godišnjak. Vol. 4. (...) овоме су ејалету одмах припојени санџаци: херцеговачки, (...)

Bibliography

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