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Vivek Murthy

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Vivek Murthy
Official portrait, 2022
19th and 21st Surgeon General of the United States
Incumbent
Assumed office
March 25, 2021
PresidentJoe Biden
DeputyErica Schwartz
Denise Hinton
Preceded byJerome Adams
In office
December 18, 2014 – April 21, 2017
PresidentBarack Obama
Donald Trump
DeputySylvia Trent-Adams
Preceded byRegina Benjamin
Succeeded byJerome Adams
Co-chair of the COVID-19 Advisory Board
In office
November 9, 2020 – January 20, 2021
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byPosition abolished
Personal details
Born
Vivek Hallegere Murthy

(1977-07-10) July 10, 1977 (age 47)
Huddersfield, England
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
​
(m. 2015)​
Children2
EducationHarvard University (BA)
Yale University (MD, MBA)
AwardsPaul and Daisy Soros Fellowship
Uniformed service
Allegiance United States
Service / branch U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps
Years of service2014–2017
2021–present
Rank Vice admiral
Vivek Murthy's voice
Vivek Murthy responds to questions of mental health stigma
Recorded February 8, 2022

Vivek Hallegere Murthy (born July 10, 1977) is a British-American physician and a vice admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps who has served as the 19th and 21st surgeon general of the United States under Presidents Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden.[1] Murthy is the first surgeon general of Indian descent, and, during his first term as surgeon general, he was the youngest active duty flag officer in federal uniformed service.[2][3]

Murthy co-chaired President-elect Biden's COVID-19 Advisory Board from November 2020 to January 2021, alongside former Food and Drug Administration commissioner David A. Kessler and Yale public health professor Marcella Nunez-Smith.[4] On December 7, Biden announced Murthy would return to the role of U.S. surgeon general.[5] The United States Senate confirmed Murthy to the role on March 23, 2021, by a vote of 57–43.[6] In October 2022, Biden nominated Murthy to be the U.S. representative on the World Health Organization's executive board.[7][8]

Early life and education

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Murthy was born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire,[9] to immigrants from Karnataka, India. He is the grandson of the late H. C. Narayana Murthy, the former director of Mysore Sugar Company, and son of U.S.-based H. N. Lakshminarasimha Murthy and Maithreya Murthy. In 1978, the family moved to Newfoundland, where his father worked as a district medical officer. When he was three years old, the family relocated to Miami,[9] and his parents established their medical practice.[10]

Murthy was raised and completed his early education in Miami, graduating as valedictorian from Miami Palmetto Senior High School in 1994.[11] He then attended college at Harvard University and graduated magna cum laude in 1997 with a Bachelor of Arts in biochemical sciences.[11] In 2003, Murthy earned an M.D. from Yale School of Medicine and a M.B.A. from Yale School of Management, where he received a Soros Fellowship for New Americans.[12][13]

During his time at Yale, Murthy helped start "The Healer's Art" – a four-week long elective in which medical students discuss critical topics such as what it means to serve as a healer, how to cope with losing a patient, and how to prevent physician burnout.[14]

Career

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Undergraduate years

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While a Harvard freshman in 1995, Murthy co-founded VISIONS Worldwide, which he led for eight years. The nonprofit organization focused on HIV/AIDS education in the U.S. and India. He also co-founded Harvard's bhajan club. In 1997, he co-founded the Swasthya Community Health Partnership to train women as community health workers and educators in rural India.[13][15]

Medical career

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Murthy completed his internal medicine residency at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. As an attending physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Murthy cared for thousands of patients while assisting in the education of hundreds of undergraduates, medical students, and residents.[1]

In 2008, Murthy founded and served as president of Doctors for America, a group of more than 15,000 physicians and medical students supporting high-quality affordable care for all.[16][17]

In 2011, Murthy was appointed by Barack Obama to serve on the Presidential Advisory Council on Prevention, Health Promotion, and Integrative and Public Health within the Department of Health and Human Services.[18] The group advises the National Prevention Council on developing strategies and partnerships to advance the nation's health through prevention.[19] In 2012, Murthy worked as co-chair of Obama's healthcare advisory committee during his re-election campaign.

Murthy is also the co-founder and chairman of TrialNetworks, a cloud-based Clinical Trial Optimization System for pharmaceutical and biotechnology trials that improves the quality and efficiency of clinical trials to bring new drugs to market faster and more safely.[20][21] He founded the company as Epernicus in 2008, originally, to be a collaborative networking web platform for scientists to boost research productivity.[22]

First term as Surgeon General of the United States (2013–2017)

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Murthy was sworn in as surgeon general of the United States by Vice President Joe Biden with his father Lakshminarasimha Murthy, fiancée Alice Chen and mother Maithreya Murthy looking on, April 22, 2015.

Nomination

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In November 2013, Murthy was nominated by Barack Obama for the post of United States surgeon general.[22] His nomination met resistance in the Senate by some Democrats, Republicans, and the National Rifle Association of America regarding previous comments Murthy made declaring gun violence as a threat to public health.[23][24][25]

Murthy's nomination received broad support from more than 100 medical and public health organizations in the U.S.[26] He received the endorsements of two former surgeons general: David Satcher and Regina Benjamin. Another former surgeon general, Richard Carmona opposed the appointment based on Murthy's age.[27][28]

On December 15, 2014, Murthy's appointment as surgeon general was approved in a 51–43 Senate vote.[29]

Tenure

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Vivek Murthy with NIH director Francis Collins in 2015

From the beginning of his tenure, Murthy spoke about the importance of creating a culture of prevention in America, one that is grounded in physical activity, nutrition, and emotional well-being. As part of this effort, he issued Step It Up! The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Promote Walking and Walkable Communities.[30] For the first anniversary of the Call to Action, he led a two-week public-private partnership with Fitbit called the Step it Up Challenge that engaged more than 600,000 people to increase their physical activity with an industry record-setting 60 billion steps. He also partnered with Elmo and Top Chef to inform the country about vaccines and healthy eating, respectively.[31][32]

Murthy's 2016 surgeon general report on e-cigarette use among youths emphasized the vulnerability of young people to the products and recommended that e-cigarettes be incorporated into existing smoke-free policies to prevent youth from accessing e-cigarettes. The report drew heated response from proponents of e-cigarettes, including R Street and other public policy groups.[33]

Murthy led the United States through several major health crises – including the Ebola and Zika viruses, the Flint Michigan water crisis, and the currently ongoing opioid epidemic.[1] Murthy released the first ever Surgeon General's report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health – which revealed that approximately 21 million Americans suffer from some form of substance abuse disorder.[34] Furthermore, in 2016, Murthy issued a historic letter to 2.3 million fellow healthcare professionals, requesting a pledge to reform the prescription of opiate drugs and the perception of those struggling with addiction.[35] In this letter, Murthy argues that addiction is "a chronic illness, not a moral failing."[35] He restated the message in a PSA tied to an episode of Mom TV series.[36] Additionally, Murthy has worked on the effects of climate change on the country's health.[37]

In a 2016 interview, he stated "by the end of the century, we are looking at an increase of tens of thousands of illnesses and death episodes because of climate change."[38] Murthy has also spoken out against conversion therapy, stating that "conversion therapy is not sound medical practice... we all need to work together to build greater understanding and acceptance throughout our society."[39][40][41]

On April 21, 2017, Murthy was relieved of his duties as 19th Surgeon General by Donald Trump. His deputy surgeon general, Rear Admiral Sylvia Trent-Adams, was named acting surgeon general.[42] In a parting address, Murthy stated "for the grandson of a poor farmer from India to be asked by the President to look out for the health of an entire nation was a humbling and unique American story. I will always be grateful to our country for welcoming my immigrant family nearly 40 years ago and giving me this opportunity to serve."[43]

Career in private life (2017–2021)

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Since 2017, Murthy has appeared on various television and radio shows discussing the loneliness epidemic and has written numerous articles on the subjects of loneliness and social isolation. Murthy states he was shocked by how often he encountered people suffering from severe loneliness during his medical career, and argued that loneliness in America has become prevalent enough to count as an "epidemic". Murthy sees loneliness as a root cause that plays a substantial role in many other social problems.

In April 2020 he published a book about what both society and ordinary people as individuals, can do to reduce loneliness in themselves and others, entitled Together: The Healing Power of Human Connection in a Sometimes Lonely World.[44][45][46][47]

Murthy spoke during the 2020 Democratic National Convention.[48] In his speech, described as "uncharacteristically political for a physician who largely eschewed politics" in office, called for stronger leadership amid the COVID-19 pandemic.[49]

Second term as Surgeon General of the United States (2021–present)

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Nomination

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On September 5, 2020, Murthy joined the advisory council of the Biden-Harris Transition Team, which was planning the presidential transition of Joe Biden.[50][51] On November 9, Murthy was announced as one of the three co-chairs of then-President-Elect Biden's coronavirus advisory board,[52] alongside former FDA commissioner David A. Kessler and Yale public health professor Marcella Nunez-Smith.[53][54] Days later, Murthy was named a candidate for United States secretary of health and human services in the Biden administration.[55]

On December 3, 2020, Politico reported that Murthy had been nominated by President-elect Joe Biden to return to the role of Surgeon General.[56] His nomination was sent to the Senate on January 20, 2021, and confirmed on March 23, 2021, by a vote of 57–43.[57][1][58]

Before his Senate confirmation, Murthy disclosed a total of 1.7 million dollars in consulting for Netflix ($547,500), Airbnb ($410,000), Carnival Cruise Line ($400,000), Estee Lauder ($292,500). He also disclosed hundreds of thousands of dollars in speaking fees from dozens of organizations, for example "$30,000 from Duke University Kenan Institute for Ethics for a speech I gave in January 2021."[59]

Tenure

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As surgeon general, Murthy leads a force of 6,700 public health officers.[1] In July 2021, Murthy publicly stated there is "no value" in incarcerating people for cannabis use.[60] In September 2021, Murthy criticized social media companies over the presence of COVID-19 misinformation on their platforms.[61]

In 2023, Murthy expressed concern about the impact of social media on young users' mental health.[62] As Surgeon General, Murthy has described the loneliness epidemic of social isolation and loneliness as a risk to public health akin to smoking.[63]

Murthy has come under fire from Republicans for reportedly seeking to combat misinformation with social media, the Washington Examiner reported in May 2023.[64]

Personal life

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Murthy is married to Alice Chen, an internist who trained at Yale, Cornell and UCLA, and was the executive director of Doctors for America.[65][66] They have two children.[67]

Awards and decorations

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In 2023, Murthy twice delivered the keynote address at American University's fall commencement ceremonies[68] and was awarded an honorary doctor of science degree.[69] Murthy's name was included in Time Magazine's 2024 list of most influential people in health.[70] His awards include:[71]

Gold star

Public Health Service Outstanding Service Medal with gold award star Public Health Service Presidential Unit Citation with gold frame Public Health Service COVID-19 Pandemic Campaign Medal
Public Health Service Global Response Service Award Public Health Service Regular Corps Ribbon Commissioned Corps Training Ribbon
Surgeon General Badge Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services Badge

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e General, Office of the Surgeon (March 25, 2021). "Vice Admiral Vivek H. Murthy, MD, MBA". HHS.gov. Archived from the original on February 21, 2024. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  2. ^ General, Office of the Surgeon (March 25, 2021). "Vice Admiral Vivek H. Murthy, MD, MBA". www.hhs.gov. Retrieved July 14, 2024.
  3. ^ Express Web Desk (December 9, 2020). "Who is Vivek Murthy, the Indian-origin doctor appointed as Surgeon General by Joe Biden". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on December 9, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  4. ^ "Biden-Harris Transition Announces COVID-19 Advisory Board". President-Elect Joe Biden. November 9, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  5. ^ Saenz, Arlette; Zeleny, Jeff; Sullivan, Kate (December 7, 2020). "Biden nominates Dr. Vivek Murthy to reprise role as US surgeon general". CNN. Archived from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  6. ^ Kelly, Caroline (March 23, 2021). "Senate confirms Dr. Vivek Murthy as US surgeon general". CNN. Archived from the original on May 27, 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  7. ^ Mason, Jeff. "Exclusive: Biden to nominate U.S. surgeon general to join WHO executive board, official says". Reuters. Archived from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  8. ^ "PN1221 — Vivek Hallegere Murthy — Department of State, 118th Congress (2023-2024)". U.S.Congress. January 8, 2024. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  9. ^ a b Straehley, Steve (December 25, 2014). "Surgeon General of the United States: Who is Vivek Murthy?". AllGov.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  10. ^ Vivek Murthy (2020). Together: The Healing Power of Human Connection in a Sometimes Lonely World. Harper Wave. pp. 281–282. ISBN 978-0062913296.
  11. ^ a b Wen, Patricia; Bierman, Noah (November 16, 2013). "High praise at home for surgeon general nominee". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
  12. ^ Brown, Nell Porter (September–October 2003). "'Medicine changes you.' Vivek Murthy '98 — Internal Medicine Resident – Boston". Harvard Magazine: 36H. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  13. ^ a b "Spring 1998 Fellows". Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans. 1998. Archived from the original on July 25, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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  15. ^ "Biography of the Surgeon General Vice Admiral (VADM) Vivek H. Murthy, M.D., M.B.A." Office of the Surgeon General. SurgeonGeneral.gov. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2015. Archived from the original on January 17, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  16. ^ Kenny, Steve (November 14, 2013). "Obama Selects Health Policy Advocate as Surgeon General". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  17. ^ "Obama Picks Vivek Hallegere Murthy for Surgeon General". HuffPost. Reuters. November 14, 2013. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  18. ^ Gil, Gideon (November 14, 2013). "Obama nominating Dr. Vivek Murthy of Harvard and Brigham and Women's as surgeon general". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on November 18, 2013. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  19. ^ "Prevention Advisory Group". SurgeonGeneral.gov. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. 2013. Archived from the original on November 23, 2013. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  20. ^ Larabee, John (October 22, 2013). "Needham's 'TrialNetworks' rolls out platform to help drug developers with clinical trials". Boston Business Journal. American City Business Journals. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  21. ^ "TrialNetworks: Leadership". 2013. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  22. ^ a b "President Obama announces more key administration posts". Press Office. whitehouse.gov. November 14, 2013. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2013 – via National Archives.
  23. ^ Barnet, Shannon (December 16, 2014). "Dr. Vivek Murthy confirmed as surgeon general". Becker's Hospital Review. Becker's Healthcare. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  24. ^ O'Keefe, Ed; Dennis, Brady (December 15, 2014). "Surgeon general nominee Vivek Murthy, opposed by gun lobby, confirmed". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  25. ^ Eilperin, Juliet (March 26, 2014). "Chances for Obama nominees to be confirmed are falling, even with over two years to go". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  26. ^ "More than 100 national organizations demonstrate strong support for Dr. Vivek Murthy as the next Surgeon General". Trust for America's Health (Press release). November 12, 2014. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
  27. ^ Murphy, Caleb (2015). "The Vivek Murthy precedent". The New Physician. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  28. ^ Carmona, Richard (March 28, 2014). "Vivek Murthy shouldn't be confirmed as surgeon general". Washington Examiner. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
  29. ^ Nolen, John (December 15, 2014). "Senate finally confirms Surgeon General nominee". CBS News. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  30. ^ Assistant Secretary for Health. "Step It Up! The Surgeon General's call to action to promote walking and walkable communities". SurgeonGeneral.gov. Archived from the original on September 11, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
  31. ^ Surgeon General and Elmo team up to talk vaccinations. YouTube (video). Archived from the original on November 17, 2021.
  32. ^ "Surgeon General Vivek Murthy calls for veg twist on Southern comfort dishes on 'Top Chef'". India-West. January 5, 2017. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
  33. ^ Clarke, Toni (December 8, 2016). "U.S. surgeon general e-cigarette report sparks controversy". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 12, 2016. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  34. ^ "Surgeon General Issues Landmark Report on Alcohol, Drugs and Health | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)". www.niaaa.nih.gov. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  35. ^ a b "The US Surgeon General Sends Historic Letter to 2.3 Million Health Care Providers". www.asam.org. Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  36. ^ "CBS Cares – Anna Faris, Allison Janney and U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek H. Murthy on Drug Abuse". YouTube. CBS. February 11, 2016. Archived from the original on May 9, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  37. ^ "Surgeon General Murthy on climate change". C-SPAN. August 2019.[permanent dead link‍]
  38. ^ "Climate change threat to public health worse than polio, White House warns". The Guardian. April 4, 2016. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  39. ^ Brydum, Sunnivie (May 10, 2015). "U.S. Surgeon General opposes conversion therapy". The Advocate. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  40. ^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (April 4, 2016). "Climate change threat to public health worse than polio, White House warns". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  41. ^ "WATCH: U.S. Surgeon General Opposes Conversion Therapy". www.advocate.com. April 10, 2015. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  42. ^ Eversley, Melanie (April 21, 2017). "Surgeon General dismissed, replaced by Trump administration". USA Today. Archived from the original on April 22, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  43. ^ Curtis, John. "Vivek Murthy dismissed as U.S. Surgeon". medicine.yale.edu. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  44. ^ Murthy, Vivek (2020). Together: The Healing Power of Human Connection in a Sometimes Lonely World. Description Archived November 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine & arrow-searchable and scrollable preview. Archived November 15, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Harper Wave. ISBN 978-0062913296. Retrieved May 26, 2020
  45. ^ Eric Klinenberg (February 9, 2018). "Is Loneliness a Health Epidemic?". New York Times. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020. But is loneliness, as many political officials and pundits are warning, a growing 'health epidemic'?
  46. ^ United States Joint Economic Committee. "All the Lonely Americans? – All the Lonely Americans? – United States Joint Economic Committee". Senate.gov. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  47. ^ "Loneliness is a serious public health problem". The Economist. September 1, 2018. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  48. ^ "Democrats Announce Highlights for Final Night of the 2020 Democratic National Convention". 2020 Democratic National Convention. August 20, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  49. ^ Schumaker, Erin (August 21, 2020). "'Our job is to speak the truth,' former surgeon general says in unconventional DNC speech". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 12, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  50. ^ "Cindy McCain Joins Biden-Harris Transition Team's Advisory Board". President-Elect Joe Biden. September 28, 2020. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  51. ^ "Biden Transition Organization – Staff, Advisors". www.democracyinaction.us. November 9, 2017. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
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  53. ^ Feuer, Will (November 7, 2020). "President-elect Joe Biden announces Covid task force". CNBC (article updated: 12:50 UCT 2020-11-09 ed.). Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
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  56. ^ Ollstein, Alice Miranda; Pager, Tyler (December 3, 2020). "Zients, Murthy tapped to head up Biden's Covid-19 response". Politico. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  57. ^ "PN79-11 – Nomination of Vivek Hallegere Murthy for Public Health Service, 117th Congress (2021–2022)". www.congress.gov. January 20, 2021. Archived from the original on July 2, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  58. ^ Diamond, Dan (March 23, 2021). "Senate confirms Vivek H. Murthy as surgeon general". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  59. ^ "Vivek H. Murthy's financial disclosure form". The Washington Post.
  60. ^ Schnell, Mychael (July 18, 2021). "Surgeon general: No 'value' to locking people up over marijuana use". The Hill. Archived from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
  61. ^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; Alba, Davey (July 15, 2021). "Surgeon General Assails Tech Companies Over Misinformation on Covid-19". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 12, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  62. ^ Richtel, Matt; Pearson, Catherine; Levenson, Michael (May 23, 2023). "Surgeon General Warns That Social Media May Harm Children and Adolescents". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 12, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  63. ^ "Loneliness poses risks as deadly as smoking: surgeon general". AP News. May 2, 2023. Archived from the original on July 12, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  64. ^ "Top Biden official touted Big Tech 'misinformation' team-up before DOJ school threats memo". Washington Examiner. May 23, 2023. Archived from the original on June 6, 2023. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
  65. ^ "Board of Directors". Doctors for America. 2013. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
  66. ^ "Indian-American Vivek Murthy takes over as U.S. Surgeon-General". The Hindu. April 24, 2015. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
  67. ^ Ferriss, Tim (March 26, 2020). "Dr. Vivek Murthy — Former Surgeon General on Combating COVID-19, Loneliness, and More (#417)". The Blog of Author Tim Ferriss. Archived from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  68. ^ Younes-Ireland |, Nora (December 5, 2023). "American University Fall Commencement to Feature Surgeon General Dr. Vivek H. Murthy". American University. Archived from the original on May 8, 2024. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  69. ^ "Honorary Degree Recipients". American University. Archived from the original on May 8, 2024. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  70. ^ "TIME100 Health". TIME. Retrieved September 16, 2024.
  71. ^ "Surgeon General Vivek Murthy on public health and safety". C-SPAN. January 18, 2023. Archived from the original on February 17, 2023. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
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Preceded by Surgeon General of the United States
2014–2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Surgeon General of the United States
2021–present 		Incumbent
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