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"Vision of Love"
North American cassette cover[a]
Single by Mariah Carey
from the album Mariah Carey
B-side
  • "Sent from Up Above"
  • "Prisoner"/"All in Your Mind"/"Someday" Medley
ReleasedMay 15, 1990 (1990-05-15)
Recorded1989
StudioSkyline (New York City)
Genre
Length3:29
LabelColumbia
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
Mariah Carey singles chronology
"Vision of Love"
(1990) 		"Love Takes Time"
(1990)
Music video
"Vision of Love" on YouTube

"Vision of Love" is the debut single by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey, recorded for her eponymous debut studio album (1990). It was written by Carey and Ben Margulies. After being featured on Carey's demo tape for Columbia Records, the song was re-recorded and produced by Rhett Lawrence and Narada Michael Walden. The song features a slow-dance theme tempo and backing vocals sung by Carey, and introduces her usage of the whistle register. The lyrics of the song represent her past life filled with "alienation" and how she had dreamed of achieving her triumph over adversity up to the moment when it finally came to fruition as the "vision of love" that she had always believed in, despite everything that she has had to deal with in life. The song was released as the lead single from Mariah Carey on May 15, 1990, by Columbia Records.

"Vision of Love" received universal acclaim from music critics, being praised for Carey's showy vocals and her wide singing range. It has been credited with popularizing the use of melisma in contemporary popular music and for inspiring several artists to pursue a music career. The New Yorker named "Vision of Love" the "Magna Carta of melisma" for its and Carey's influence on pop and R&B singers and American Idol contestants.[5] Additionally, Rolling Stone said that "the fluttering strings of notes that decorate songs like "Vision of Love," inspired the entire American Idol vocal school, for better or worse, and virtually every other female R&B singer since the nineties."[6] The song topped the singles charts in Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, where it spent four weeks atop the chart.

The accompanying music video for "Vision of Love" was filmed in April 1990. It features Carey in a large cathedral, where she meditates and sings by a large picture window. "Vision of Love" was performed on several television and award show ceremonies, such as The Arsenio Hall Show, Good Morning America, Saturday Night Live, and the 33rd Annual Grammy Awards. It has been performed at almost every one of Carey's concerts and tours, and is featured on Carey's live album MTV Unplugged (1992) and on many of her compilation albums including #1's (1998), Greatest Hits (2001) and The Ballads (2008).

Background and recording

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Throughout 1986, Carey had already begun writing music while in high school.[7] After composing a song with her friend Gavin Christopher (of "Once You Get Started" fame), Carey met drummer and songwriter Ben Margulies. After initially meeting and becoming friends, the pair began spending time in his father's old studio, writing material and composing new songs.[7] The first song they compiled together was titled "Here We Go Around Again." As the year wore on, they had composed seven songs for Carey's demo tape; among them was the rough and unfinished version of "Vision of Love".[7] In an interview with Fred Bronson, Carey described how she met and came to work with Margulies:

"We needed someone to play keyboards for a song I did with Gavin Christopher. We called someone and he couldn't come, so by accident we stumbled on Ben. Ben came to the session, and he can't really play keyboards very well—he's really more of a drummer—but after that day, we kept in touch, and we just sort of clicked as writers.[7]

After meeting Brenda K. Starr and being introduced to Tommy Mottola, the future head of Sony Music Entertainment (as well as Carey's future husband), the song was re-done in a professional studio, with the assistance of two producers.[7] Carey flew to Los Angeles to work with Rhett Lawrence, one of the album's main producers. After hearing the original version of the song, Lawrence described it as having a "'50s sort of shuffle."[7] After Carey agreed to alter the song, Lawrence contemporized its tempo.[8] "Vision of Love" was recorded at the Skyline Studios in New York, and featured Lawrence at the keyboard, Margulies on the drums, bassist Marcus Miller, drum programmer Ren Klyce and guitarist Jimmy Ripp.[8] Lawrence took Carey's vocals from the original demo version, and used them as background vocals for the song's final version. After adding different instrumentation to the song, Lawrence and Narada Michael Walden produced "Vision of Love."[8]

Music and lyrics

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"Vision of Love"
A 23-second sample from "Vision of Love," featuring Carey's extensive use of melisma in the song.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Vision of Love" is a pop and R&B[4] love song with gospel and soul influences. It incorporates heavy backup vocals during the song's bridge and features usage of Carey's whistle register and melisma.[9] Author Chris Nickson described the song and its vocals:

"['Vision of Love'] was the perfect introduction to her voice. With an ideal slow-dancing tempo, it still managed to swing, with Mariah's background vocals (herself multi-tracked) answering her lead. On the final chorus, her voice flew towards those trademark high notes before the instruments drop out, leaving Mariah to sing her way out to the tune's climax alone."[9]

Sheet music for "Vision of Love" shows the key of C major (C mixolydian) in common time.[10] Carey's vocal range spans from the low-note of E♭3 to the high whistle note of C7. The song's lyrics and melody were written and composed by Carey, with Margulies, Miller, Klyce and Rip on the instrumentals. Lawrence and Walden produced the song, which heavily deviated from its original version on Carey's demo.[8] Michael Slezak from Entertainment Weekly wrote regarding the song's instrumentation and vocals "From those opening sci-fi-esque synths to that signature dog-whistle high note, Mariah's very first single is inspired: Even folks who object to her trademark vocal excesses are hard-pressed to fault this rousing, gospel-tinged song about finding 'the one that I needed.'"[11]

The lyrics of "Vision of Love" have been subject to various interpretations and suggested relationships by critics.[9] Some have noted the relationship between Carey and God, while others point out one with a lover. Carey has yielded to both, while connecting them to her childhood and to obstacles encountered while growing up. Michael Slezak wrote: "Though it's not clear if she's celebrating a secular love or her relationship with a higher power, this exuberant ballad is a near-religious listening experience."[11] In an interview with Ebony in 1991, Carey spoke of the song's lyrics and success:

Consider the lyrics: Prayed through the nights / Felt so alone / Suffered from alienation / Carried the weight on my own / Had to be strong / So I believed / And now I know I've succeeded / In finding the place I conceived. Well, just because you are young doesn't mean that you haven't had a hard life. It's been difficult for me, moving around so much, having to grow up by myself, basically on my own, my parents divorced. And I always felt kind of different from everyone else in my neighborhoods. I was a different person – ethnically. And sometimes that can be a problem. If you look a certain way everybody goes, "White girl", and I'd go, "No, that's not what I am."[12]

According to Nickson, Carey chose to express her innermost feelings in her songs rather than becoming depressed and bitter throughout the hardships in her life. "You really have to look inside yourself and find your own inner strength, and say, "I'm proud of what I am and who I am, and I'm just going to be myself."[12]

Critical reception

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Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
Entertainment WeeklyA[13]
Stereogum8/10[14]
Critics positively compared Carey's stylistic use of melisma and wider range in the song to Whitney Houston.

"Vision of Love" received universal acclaim from music critics, who complimented its lyrical content as well as Carey's vocals and use of melisma. In 2019, Bill Lamb from About.com stated that "echoes of Whitney Houston's influence are evident, but the sheer power and swooping highs are all Mariah's own."[15] He also named "Vision of Love" "one of the best songs" of the singer's recording career, and "simply one of the most stunning debut releases ever by a pop recording artist."[16] Ashley S. Battel from AllMusic said that it is "memorable".[17] Upon the release, J.D. Considine from The Baltimore Sun remarked the "stratospheric high notes" of the song.[18] Billboard magazine described it as a "velvety stunner"[19] and a "retro-flavored pop/R&B ballad". An editor, Bill Coleman, noted further that it "has all the elements necessary to propel newcomer to diva status: infectious melodies, lush instrumentation, and a vocal performance brimming with unbridled power and confidence."[4] In a retrospective review on the album in 2005, Michael Slezak from Entertainment Weekly called the song "inspired" and complimented Carey's use of the whistle register.[11] Pan-European magazine Music & Media described it as "a smouldering 'blue-eyed' soul ballad from a new artist with a strong voice."[20] A reviewer from The Network Forty commented, "When this one comes on the air, you better stand clear of your speakers. Her voice will blow you away!"[21]

In 2006, Sasha Frere-Jones from The New Yorker named the song "the Magna Carta of melisma" for both the song's and Carey's influence on pop and R&B singers and American Idol contestants.[5] The Orlando Sentinel described it as a "1950s-styled ballad".[22] People noted that Carey's "tone and clarity" makes it a "mesmerizing" song.[23] Rolling Stone said that "the fluttering strings of notes that decorate songs like "Vision of Love", inspired the entire American Idol vocal school, for better or worse, and virtually every other female R&B singer since the nineties."[6] Slant Magazine critic Rich Juzwiak wrote, "I think ["Vision of Love"] was a vision of the future world of American Idol."[24] In a separate review from Slant, he wrote, "The last half of 'Vision Of Love' (starting with the belted bridge) is a series of crescendos that get so intense that another Mariah has to step in to keep up the momentum." Also Juzwiak complimented the usage of the whistle register in the song, "And then there's the whistle note. And then there's the final vocal run that's more like a roller-coaster track. If you think these aren't climaxes, she proves you wrong with her denouement, the way the last word, "be", sort of wanes into an "mm hmm hmm."[24] Jonathan Bernstein from Spin declared it as a "remarkable" debut single, and "a song so unsingable that aspiring chanteuses the world over have respirators ready in case they fail to make it through to the other side of the bridge."[25]

Accolades

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Awards and nominations for "Vision of Love"
Year Award Category Nominee(s) Result Ref.
1991 Grammy Award Record of the Year "Vision of Love" Nominated [26]
Song of the Year Nominated
Best Female Pop Vocal Performance Won
1991 Soul Train Music Award Best R&B/Soul Song of the Year Nominated [27]
Best Female R&B/Soul Single Won
1991 BMI Pop Award Best Songwriter Mariah Carey Won [28]

Commercial performance

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In the United States, "Vision of Love" entered the US Billboard Hot 100 at number 73 during the week of June 2, 1990, and reached the chart's summit nine weeks later. The song remained atop the chart for four consecutive weeks, and was ranked sixth on the Billboard Hot 100 year-end chart. After four weeks at number one, it fell to number eight, and spent seven weeks lingering within the top ten. It also topped the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs for two weeks and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks for three weeks. In October 2019, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the song platinum, denoting shipments of one million units. In Canada, "Vision of Love" entered the Canadian RPM Singles Chart at number 75, during the week of July 7, 1990.[29] In its eighth week on the chart, the song reached number one,[30] and remained on the chart for a total of 17 weeks.[31] It finished eighth on the RPM year-end chart.[32]

"Vision of Love" entered the Australian Singles Chart at number 67 during the week of August 5, 1990.[33] It peaked at number nine, and spent a total of 19 weeks within the top 100.[34] The Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) certified the single gold, denoting shipments of over 35,000 units.[34] In New Zealand, the song spent two consecutive weeks atop the singles chart. After fluctuating within the chart for 24 weeks, it was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ), denoting shipments of over 7,500 units.[35][36]

In the Netherlands, "Vision of Love" entered the Dutch Single Top 100 at number 99, during the week of July 14. It spent a total of 17 weeks on the chart, spending two weeks at its peak position of number eight.[37] The song entered the French Singles Chart at number 39 on November 11. It peaked at number 25, spending two weeks at the position and a total of 14 on the chart.[38] In Ireland, the song peaked at number ten, and spent six weeks charting.[39] In the United Kingdom, the song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 74, during the week of August 4, 1990.[40] It peaked at number nine in its seventh week, and spent a total of 12 weeks on the chart.[41] According to the Official Charts Company (OCC), the single has sold over 198,000 units in the UK.[42]

Music video

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Background

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After completing the album, Sony hired Bojan Bazelli to direct the song's music video.[43] After filming the video's first version, record label executives felt the result was sub-par in comparison to the quality of the music. They scrapped the first video and re-filmed it with director Andy Morahan,[44] changing the plot, scenery and imagery.[43] After word got out of the two videos, a Sony employee spoke to the press about Carey, saying how "the special treatment really upset" him.[43] He felt they treated Carey differently from how they would another artist signed to the label, and that they viewed her as a higher priority. He also claimed that Carey was the reason they re-filmed, "they spend $200,000 on a video and Mariah doesn't like it. No big deal."[43] Another employee estimated the figure of both videos at over $450,000. After the reports were made, Don Ienner, the president of Sony, refuted the claims, calling them "total bullshit" although admitting, "If we're going to take the time and effort that we did with Mariah, on every level, then we're going to image her the right way. If it costs a few extra dollars to make a splash in terms of the right imaging, you go ahead and do it."[43]

Synopsis

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The video takes place in a large cathedral-like room, with large winding staircases on each side. Throughout the video, the scenery changes several times from a cloudy and sunny day, to a glowing sunset. These time shifts are seen through a large carved window in the cathedral. The video begins with Carey's hair in long golden curls, and her wearing a skin-tight black jumper. She sits on the large ledge by the window, staring into the different colors in the sky. As the video progresses, Carey is joined by a small black cat, which accompanies her as she meditates on the large stairwell. After the song's second verse, a large microphone is seen in the middle of the room, where scenes of Carey singing and standing on the window's ledge interchange. The last scenes show Carey staring out into the meadow, smiling. According to author Chris Nickson, during the scenes of Carey by the large window, it is "obvious" that she is praying to God and connecting to her creator. He felt that alongside the song's lyrics of faith and prayer, the video's moments of meditation truly went "hand in hand."[43]

Live performances

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Carey performing "Vision of Love" during The Adventures of Mimi Tour

Serving as her debut single, Carey performed "Vision of Love" on several live television and award show appearances, both stateside and throughout Europe. Carey's first live performance of the song was on The Arsenio Hall Show, where she was joined on stage by the Billie T. Scott Ensemble, a trio of male background vocalists.[43] Additionally, she sang it during a televised appearance at New York City's TATU Club, where she also gave a live rendition of Ben E. King's "Don't Play That Song (You Lied)". As part of a live segment and interview, Carey appeared on Good Morning America in July 1990, where she gave a live performance of the song.[43] In the further months, Carey performed the song live on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, The Oprah Winfrey Show, the 33rd Annual Grammy Awards, and "Saturday Night Live".[43] In Europe, Carey performed "Vision of Love" on Wogan in the United Kingdom, and Sacrée Soirée and Le Monde Est A Vous in France.[43] In 1992, Carey performed the song on MTV Unplugged. It was released on her EP and home video that same year, as MTV Unplugged and MTV Unplugged +3 respectively.[45] In July 1993, Carey recorded a live concert performance at Proctor's Theatre which included "Vision of Love". It was taped and released as Here Is Mariah Carey in December 1993.[43] Additionally, the song was part of a four-song set-list on BET's Blueprint, where Carey performed in July 2005.[46]

"Vision of Love" was performed on several of Carey's tours and concert shows. It was first featured on her Music Box Tour, her first full-length stateside tour. For the song's performances, Carey donned a large black trench coat, with matching pants and leather boots.[citation needed] She featured her signature curly locks, and was joined by Trey Lorenz, Melonie Daniels and Kelly Price.[citation needed] On her 1996 Daydream World Tour, Carey once again included the song on the tour's set-list. During her shows at the Tokyo Dome in Tokyo, Japan, Carey donned a long black gown, with teased up straightened hair and a matching head-band.[citation needed] For the European leg on the tour, Carey wore a long white gown, and was joined by additional background vocalists.[citation needed] Carey included the song on her set-list for her Butterfly World Tour (1998), where she once again featured the same trio of supporting singers.[citation needed] For the show's performances, she donned a sheer and beige mini-dress, with long and wavy golden hair. Additionally, she wore a cream-colored long-sleeve sheer sweater with matching high-heeled sandals.[citation needed] "Vision of Love" was included on Carey's Rainbow World Tour in 2000, as well as the Charmbracelet World Tour: An Intimate Evening with Mariah Carey (2002–03), The Elusive Chanteuse Show (2014) and Caution World Tour (2019).[citation needed] During The Adventures of Mimi Tour in 2006, Carey performed the song at select shows. For the performances of the song, she donned a long yellow cocktail gown and black Christian Louboutin pumps.[citation needed] Once again Lorenz was featured on stage, however with the addition of two different female back-up singers, MaryAnn and Sherry Tatum. Carey also performed the song at the 2015 Billboard Music Awards along with Infinity to promote her number 1 To Infinity album.[citation needed] Carey also included the song in her Las Vegas residency, Mariah Carey Number 1's, a chronicle of her 18 US number 1 hits. The song was first in the chronological setlist, and for the performance Carey donned a black sequined gown, and her signature curls. Carey also included the song during the first two legs of her Las Vegas residency, The Butterfly Returns (2018).

Legacy

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alt
alt
alt
"Vision of Love" influenced many vocalists such as Kelly Clarkson (left), Christina Aguilera (middle) and Beyoncé (right)

"Vision of Love" was nominated for three Grammy Awards at the 33rd annual ceremony, held on February 20, 1991: Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female, winning the latter. Additionally, the song received the Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul Single, Female and a Song of the Year Award at the BMI Pop Awards.[47] Devon Powers from Popmatters has stated during the release of Carey's Greatest Hits album that "Mariah's Greatest Hits moves chronologically through that remarkable career, beginning with "Vision of Love", the 1990 single that introduced the singer to instant stardom. Still, after so many years and songs, it's by far among her best, if not the best—a simple testament to the incredible pipes that gave her a permanent place in pop cultural memory." Powers added that "From its first moments, the song demands to be legendary—a gong crash smolders low as Mariah's gospel-inspired vocals hum confidently, grandly."[48]

VH1 named "Vision of Love" the 14th greatest song of the 1990s.[49] About.com ranked it fourth on its top ten pop hits of 1990 list[50] and 28th on its top 100 pop songs of the 1990s list.[51] Entertainment Weekly included it on their "10 Great (and 10 Grating) Karaoke Songs" list as a grating karaoke song, saying: "You cannot do this song. Seriously. Tackling this lung-crusher might seem like a fun challenge, but three minutes, five octaves, and one 10-second note later, you will realize that you did not conquer "Vision of Love." "Vision of Love" conquered you."[52] USA Today critic Elysa Gardner picked "Vision of Love" as one of the most intriguing tracks, saying that it is still Mariah's best song.[53] Stereogum writer Tom Breihan noted that the song, "pretty much set the stage for a whole decade of showy, pyrotechnic '90s R&B vocals. It also set the stage for the American Idol-style pageantry that followed more than a decade later. Carey created an environment where her disciples could flourish, and she did it by constructing "Vision Of Love" as a showcase for her voice".[54]

R&B singer Beyoncé said that she began doing vocal "runs" after listening to "Vision of Love" for the first time.[5] Similarly, pop singers Rihanna and Christina Aguilera cited the song and Carey as big influences on their singing careers.[55][56] In an interview during the early stages of her career, Aguilera said "I've totally looked up to Mariah since 'Vision of Love' came out."[56] Kelly Clarkson also cited "Vision of Love" as an influence on her singing career after performing the song on her first choir solo performance as a kid.[57]

The song was featured in a late 1990 episode of the daytime soap opera All My Children as well as 1991 episodes of Santa Barbara and The Young and the Restless.[citation needed]

Track listing and formats

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Credits and personnel

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Credits adapted from the Mariah Carey liner notes.[70]

Charts

[edit]

Certifications and sales

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Certifications and sales for "Vision of Love"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[34] Gold 35,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[118] Gold 5,000*
United Kingdom — 198,000[42]
United States (RIAA)[119] Platinum 1,000,000‡

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history

[edit]
Release dates and formats for "Vision of Love"
Region Date Format(s) Label(s) Ref.
United States May 15, 1990
Columbia
[120][121][122]
Australia July 2, 1990 CBS
[123]
United Kingdom July 23, 1990
[124]
France July 29, 1990 7-inch vinyl
[125]
Japan August 22, 1990 Mini CD Sony Music Japan
[126]
Australia September 24, 1990 Maxi CD CBS
[127]

See also

[edit]

Notes

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  1. ^ US promotional CD single uses the same image but with different formatting,[1] while international pressings feature Carey posing differently.[2]

References

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  1. ^ Carey, Mariah (1990). Vision of Love (promotional CD single). United States: Columbia Records. CSK 73348.
  2. ^ Carey, Mariah (1990). Vision of Love (CD single). United Kingdom: CBS Records International. 655932 2.
  3. ^ "Previews: Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. July 7, 1990. p. 14. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Coleman, Bill (May 26, 1990). "Single Reviews: New & Noteworthy" (PDF). Billboard magazine. p. 83. Retrieved February 15, 2020. Retro-flavored pop/R&B ballad
  5. ^ a b c Frere-Jones, Sasha (April 3, 2006). "On Top: Mariah Carey's record-breaking career". The New Yorker. CondéNet. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
  6. ^ a b "The 100 Greatest Singer of All Time : Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. November 12, 2008. Archived from the original on October 27, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Bronson 2003, p. 762
  8. ^ a b c d Hogan, Ed. "Vision of Love: Song Review". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved January 1, 2011.
  9. ^ a b c Nickson 1998, p. 37
  10. ^ "Mariah Carey – Vision of Love – Digital Sheet Music". Musicnotes.com. Alfred Publishing. November 7, 2006. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
  11. ^ a b c Slezak, Michael (December 15, 2005), "Gem Carey", EW.com, Time Inc., archived from the original on December 7, 2006, retrieved August 14, 2010
  12. ^ a b Norment, Lynn (March 1991). "Not Another White Girl Trying to Sing Black". Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company: 58. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
  13. ^ Greenblatt, Leah (August 4, 2017). "1990 Chart Flashback". Entertainment Weekly. p. 60. EBSCOhost 124334563.
  14. ^ Breihan, Tom (September 29, 2021). "The Number Ones: Mariah Carey's "Vision of Love"". Stereogum. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  15. ^ Lamb, Bill (September 7, 2019). "The Best 100 Songs From the 1990s". Dotdash Meredith. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  16. ^ Lamb, Bill. "Mariah Carey". Dotdash Meredith. The New York Times Company. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
  17. ^ Battel, Ashley S. "Mariah Carey – Mariah Carey". AllMusic. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
  18. ^ Considine, J.D. (1990). "Mariah Carey – Mariah Carey". Baltimore Sun – via Milwaukee Journal. (July 22, 1990).
  19. ^ "Album Reviews: New & Noteworthy" (PDF). Billboard magazine. June 9, 1990. p. 78A. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  20. ^ "Previews: Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. July 7, 1990. p. 14. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
  21. ^ "Top 40: The Next 40" (PDF). The Network Forty. May 25, 1990. p. 28. Retrieved March 21, 2020.
  22. ^ "HER 7-OCTAVE VOICE FINALLY GETS NOTICED". Orlando Sentinel. August 28, 1990. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
  23. ^ "Picks and Pans Review: Mariah Carey". People. July 16, 1990. Retrieved November 15, 2020.
  24. ^ a b Juzwiak, Rich (April 15, 2005). "Behind the Caterwaul: A Mariah Carey Retrospective". Slant Magazine. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
  25. ^ Bernstein, Jonathan (September 1992). "Spins". Spin. p. 105. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
  26. ^ "The 33rd Grammy Awards".
  27. ^ "Mariah Carey Awards and Nominations". IMDb. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
  28. ^ "Vision of Love (Legal Title)". Broadcast Music, Inc. Archived from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
  29. ^ "Top Singles – Volume 52, No. 8, July 07 1990". RPM. July 7, 1990. Archived from the original on September 21, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  30. ^ "Top Singles – Volume 52, No. 15, August 25, 1990". RPM. August 25, 1990. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  31. ^ "Top Singles – Volume 52, No. 24, October 27, 1990". RPM. October 27, 1990. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  32. ^ a b "Top 100 Hit Tracks of 1990". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. December 22, 1990. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  33. ^ "The ARIA Australian Top 100 Singles Chart – Week Ending 05 Aug 1990 (61–100) (from The ARIA Report Issue No. 30)". Imgur.com. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  34. ^ a b c d Gavin Ryan (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988-2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
  35. ^ "Mariah Carey – Vision of Love". charts.nz. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
  36. ^ Scapolo, Dean (2003). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  37. ^ "Mariah Carey – Vision of Love". Dutchcharts.nl. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
  38. ^ "Mariah Carey – Vision of Love". Lescharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
  39. ^ "Search the Charts". Fireball Media. Irish Recorded Music Association. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
  40. ^ "Mariah Carey – Vision of Love". Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
  41. ^ "Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. September 15, 1990. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
  42. ^ a b Copsey, Rob (November 14, 2018). "Mariah Carey's Top 40 biggest singles on the Official Chart". Official Charts Company. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Nickson 1998, p. 36
  44. ^ ""Vision Of Love" by Mariah Carey | Music Video | VH1.com". VH1. Viacom International. May 28, 2002. Archived from the original on January 11, 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  45. ^ Shawn M. Haney. "MTV Unplugged". AllMusic. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  46. ^ "Best Albums of 2005". Black Entertainment Television. Viacom. Archived from the original on December 29, 2009. Retrieved January 26, 2011.
  47. ^ "Mariah Carey Career Achievement Awards". Mariahcarey.com. Archived from the original on September 16, 2010. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
  48. ^ "Mariah Carey". PopMatters. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  49. ^ "100 greatest songs of the 90s (hour 4)". VH1. MTV Networks. Archived from the original on December 22, 2007. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
  50. ^ Lamb, Bill. "Top 10 Pop Hits 1990". Dotdash Meredith. The New York Times Company. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
  51. ^ Lamb, Bill. "Top 100 Pop Songs of the 1990s – 30-21". Dotdash Meredith. The New York Times Company. Retrieved September 2, 2008.
  52. ^ "10 Great (and 10 Grating) Karaoke Songs – Grating – "Vision of Love" – Mariah Carey". EW.com. Entertainment Weekly and Time Inc. Archived from the original on August 30, 2008. Retrieved August 30, 2008.
  53. ^ Gardner, Elysa (January 19, 2009). "Pick of the Week: Womack's 'New Again' is a standout". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved January 13, 2009.
  54. ^ "The Number Ones: Mariah Carey's "Vision Of Love"". Stereogum. September 29, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
  55. ^ Bergeron, Elena (July 2014). "The 50 Best R&B Albums of the '90s". Complex. Archived from the original on December 18, 2015. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  56. ^ a b Catlin, Roger (August 31, 2000). "A Matter of Time Christina Aguilera Says She'll Leave The Pack". Hartford Courant. Tribune Company. Archived from the original on July 25, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
  57. ^ Kelly Clarkson
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Bibliography

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