Jump to content

Viktor Shokin

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Mykolayovych and the family name is Shokin.
Viktor Shokin
Віктор Шокін
Shokin in 2015
13th Prosecutor General of Ukraine
In office
10 February 2015 – 29 March 2016
PresidentPetro Poroshenko
Preceded byVitaly Yarema
Succeeded byYuriy Lutsenko[1]
Personal details
Born
Viktor Mykolayovych Shokin

(1952-11-04) 4 November 1952 (age 72)
Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
Political partyIndependent
Signature

Viktor Mykolayovych Shokin (Ukrainian: Віктор Миколайович Шокін; born 4 November 1952)[2] is a former Prosecutor General of Ukraine. Having previously worked as an investigator for the Prosecutor General Office, he served as Prosecutor General for one year between 2015 and 2016.

Amid domestic and international pressure, he was removed from office by the Ukrainian Parliament in March 2016, a move welcomed by the European Union, the United States, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank.

Shokin's removal played a central role in the Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory as it was falsely[3] claimed that then U.S. Vice President Joe Biden extorted the Ukrainian government into firing Shokin to thwart an investigation into Burisma, a company tied to his son, Hunter Biden, but Obama administration officials, European diplomats, and anti-corruption advocates in Ukraine say Shokin was removed because he failed to pursue Ukrainian politicians for corruption, and that they intervened before Biden did.[4][5][6]

Biography

[edit]

Shokin was born 4 November 1952 in Kyiv.[7] After graduating from the Kharkiv Law Institute (today Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University) in 1980, Shokin worked for the Prosecutor General Office as investigator until 2001. In an interview with Ukrayinska Pravda he stated that he was forced to retire in 2001 after refusing to take on the case against Yulia Tymoshenko.[8]

Prosecutorial career

[edit]

Shokin was appointed Prosecutor General of Ukraine on 10 February 2015, replacing Vitaly Yarema.[9] He was a controversial appointee due to his perceived role in blocking prosecutions against those accused of shooting demonstrators in the 2014 Ukrainian revolution.[10] As Prosecutor General, he was accused of blocking major cases against allies and influential figures and hindering the fight against corruption in Ukraine.[11]

In early April 2015, Shokin stated that the General Prosecutor Ukraine (GPU) files about criminal orders from former General Prosecutor Viktor Pshonka[a] had disappeared, along with Pshonka's secret casework and secret materials. Shokin stated, "I will tell you more: not only criminal cases, but classified materials have disappeared - secret records, including those related to the orders of Victor Pshonka." (Russian: Виктор Шокин: "Я вам больше скажу: пропали не только уголовные дела, но секретные материалы – секретное делопроизводство. В том числе, то, что касалось распоряжений Виктора Пшонки.").[17][18][19]

Various street protests demanding Shokin's resignation were held.[20][21][22] On 2 November 2015, there was an assassination attempt against him when an unidentified sniper fired three shots into his office, but was foiled by the bulletproof glass window.[23] In response to a query from Ukrainian News Agency in late 2019, the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) acknowledged that it is continuing to investigate the attempted assassination of Shokin.[24]

Through 2015 and early 2016, domestic and international pressure (including from the IMF, the EU, and the EBRD) built for Shokin to be removed from office. The Obama administration withheld $1 billion in loan guarantees to pressure the Ukrainian government to remove Shokin from office.[25][26][27][b] His defenders nonetheless argued that he played an important role "balancing competing political interests".[29] His Deputy Prosecutor, Vitaly Kasko, announced his resignation on 15 February 2016 denouncing the corruption and lawlessness of the Prosecutor's office.[30] Shokin was also criticized in Ukraine for failing to prosecute snipers who killed demonstrators during the revolution, as well as for failing to investigate corrupt businesses.[31]

On 16 February 2016, Shokin submitted a letter of resignation,[32] although the next day an official of the prosecution office stated, "As far as I know he has taken a paid leave".[33] On 19 February 2016 presidential press secretary Sviatoslav Tsegolko wrote on Twitter that the presidential administration had received an official letter of resignation from Shokin.[34]

On 16 March 2016 an official of the prosecution office stated that Shokin had resumed his work.[9] On the same day, his office carried out a raid against one of Ukraine's leading anti-corruption groups, the Anti-Corruption Action Center (AntAC), claiming that it had misappropriated aid money.[22] AntAC was a frequent critic of the Prosecutor General's Office under Shokin.[35] In one notorious case, two of Shokin's prosecutors were caught with stashes of diamonds, cash and valuables in their homes, likely indicating bribery. Prosecutors from another department of Shokin's office were fired or reassigned when they attempted to bring a prosecution against the so-called "diamond prosecutors".[36]

On 28 March, protesters called for Shokin's firing, after his office was authorized by a Kyiv court to investigate AntAC.[22][37] Shokin was formally dismissed in a parliamentary vote on 29 March 2016.[38] The European Union praised Shokin's dismissal due to a "lack of tangible results" of his office's investigations, and also because people in Shokin's office were themselves being investigated.[11] Following his dismissal Shokin went into retirement.[39]

On 27 February 2020, a court ruling forced investigators to open a probe on Joe Biden's pressure on Poroshenko to fire Shokin.[40] The investigation was closed in November 2020 after the election of Joe Biden as President of the United States.[41]

Investigation into Burisma Holdings

[edit]

In 2012, the Ukrainian prosecutor general Viktor Pshonka began investigating Ukrainian oligarch Mykola Zlochevsky, owner of the natural gas company Burisma Holdings, over allegations of money laundering, tax evasion, and corruption during 2010–2012.[42][43]

In 2015, Shokin became the prosecutor general, inheriting the investigation. The Obama administration and other governments and non-governmental organizations soon became concerned that Shokin was not adequately pursuing corruption in Ukraine, was protecting the political elite, and was regarded as "an obstacle to anti-corruption efforts".[27][44] Among other issues, he was slow-walking the investigation into Zlochevsky and Burisma and, according to Zlochevsky's allies, using the threat of prosecution to try to solicit bribes from Mr. Zlochevsky and his team – to the extent that Obama officials were considering launching their own criminal investigation into the company for possible money laundering.[42]

While visiting Kyiv in December 2015, then-U.S. Vice President Joe Biden warned Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko that, if he did not fire Shokin, the Obama administration was prepared to withhold $1 billion in loan guarantees. Biden later said: "I looked at them and said, 'I'm leaving in six hours. If the prosecutor is not fired, you're not getting the money.' [...] He got fired. And they put in place someone who was solid at the time." Whether or not Shokin's successor was "solid" was never confirmed.[45] Shokin was dismissed by Parliament in late March 2016.[46][47] In 2016, The New York Times published an article that suggested that "the credibility of the vice president’s anti-corruption message may have been undermined" by Hunter Biden's dealings with the company.[48][49]

In May 2019, Vitaly Kasko, who had been Shokin's deputy overseeing international cooperation before resigning in February 2016, provided documents to Bloomberg News claiming that under Shokin, the investigation into Burisma had been dormant.[50][51] Shokin himself claimed in May 2019 that he had been investigating Burisma Holdings.[36][52] This claim was supported by testimony Shokin provided on September 4, 2019, for an Austrian court.[53] Testifying in support of his prior claims of investigating Burisma Holdings, Shokin, in a sworn affidavit dated September 4, 2019[53] for a court in Austria, stated that "The truth is that I was forced out because I was leading a wide-ranging corruption probe into Burisma Holdings, a natural gas firm active in Ukraine and Joe Biden’s son, Hunter Biden, was a member of the Board of Directors."[54] Shokin continued, stating that, "On several occasions President Poroshenko asked me to have a look at the criminal case against Burisma and consider the possibility of winding down the investigative actions in respect of this company, but I refused to close this investigation."[55]

The investigation into Burisma only pertained to events happening before[56] Joe Biden's son, Hunter Biden, joined the board of directors of Burisma Holdings in 2014.[57] US President Donald Trump's subsequent bid to pressure Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky to announce an investigation of Joe Biden in relation to Burisma led to the December 2019 impeachment of Trump.[citation needed] On February 27, 2020, a Ukrainian court ruling forced investigators to open a probe on Joe Biden's pressure on Poroshenko to fire Shokin.[40] The investigation was closed in November 2020 after the election of Joe Biden as President of the United States.[58]

In an August 2023 Fox News interview, Shokin said he was fired as prosecutor general "at the insistence of then-Vice President [Biden] because I was investigating Burisma." One month later, Poroshenko was asked on Fox News for his reaction to Shokin's assertion. Poroshenko responded:

First of all, this is a completely crazy person. There is something wrong with him. Second, there is not one single word of truth. And third, I hate the idea to make any comments and to make any intervention in an American election. We have very much enjoyed the bipartisan support, and please, do not use such a person like Shokin to undermine the trust between bipartisan support and Ukraine.

The Fox News interviewer responded, "Okay, so that is not true. He didn't get fired because of Joe Biden." Poroshenko confirmed this, adding Shokin was fired by the Ukrainian parliament "for his own statement" and "he played a very dirty game unfortunately."[59][60]

Parliamentary investigations and removal from office

[edit]

In July 2015, shortly after his appointment, reformist minority member Yehor Soboliev advanced a motion to dismiss Shokin for corruption, gaining 127 of the required 150 signatures including several members of the ruling parties.[61] Representatives of the EU and the United States pressed Poroshenko for his removal,[5] as did the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.[6]

In March 2016 the Ukrainian Parliament voted overwhelmingly to remove Shokin, a decision which was welcomed by the EU.[62]

Family

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ After the fall of Viktor Yanukovych's government in February 2014, Pshonka, a Russian citizen[12] with an arrest warrant issued for him,[13] fled from Ukraine to Russia and was last publicly seen on 13 April 2014, at Rostov-on-Don in Russia.[14] The Pshonka gold jewelry businesses, formerly located in Kramatorsk, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, moved to Sebastopol in Russian annexed Crimea in the fall 2014.[15][16] Russia has illegally occupied Crimea since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2014.
  2. ^ In March 2016 testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, former ambassador to Ukraine John E. Herbst stated, "By late fall of 2015, the EU and the United States joined the chorus of those seeking Mr. Shokin’s removal" and that Joe Biden "spoke publicly about this before and during his December visit to Kyiv." During the same hearing, assistant secretary of state Victoria Nuland stated, "we have pegged our next $1 billion loan guarantee, first and foremost, to having a rebooting of the reform coalition so that we know who we are working with, but secondarily, to ensuring that the prosecutor general’s office gets cleaned up."[28]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Lutsenko appointed prosecutor general in Ukraine". Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Kyiv, Ukraine: 1+1 Media Group. 12 May 2016. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  2. ^ "ШОКІН Віктор Миколайович". Вища рада правосуддя (in Ukrainian). Government of Ukraine. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  3. ^ Multiple sources:
  4. ^ Subramanian, Courtney (15 November 2019) [Originally published 3 October 2019]. "Explainer: Biden, allies pushed out Ukrainian prosecutor because he didn't pursue corruption cases". USA Today. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  5. ^ a b "Envoys pushed to oust Ukraine prosecutor before Biden". Financial Times. 4 October 2019. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  6. ^ a b Blake, Aaron (27 January 2020). "The Bidens, Burisma and impeachment, explained". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  7. ^ "Шокин Виктор: Экс-генпрокурор Украины Виктор" [Viktor Shokin: Ex-Attorney General of Ukraine]. LIGA.net (in Russian). Kyiv, Ukraine: Ligamedia. 4 April 2016 [First published 13 February 2015]. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  8. ^ Nayyem, Mustafa; Leshchenko, Serhiy (14 December 2009). "Віктор Шокін: Піскун боїться йти зі мною на очну ставку" [Viktor Shokin: Piskun is afraid to go on confrontation with me]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 4 May 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  9. ^ a b "PGO Shokin back after long leave". Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Kyiv, Ukraine: 1+1 Media Group. 16 March 2016. Archived from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  10. ^ "Stop the appointment of Shokin". Open Dialogue Foundation. Brussels, Belgium; Warsaw, Poland. 13 February 2015. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  11. ^ a b McLaughlin, Daniel (29 March 2016). "EU hails sacking of Ukraine's prosecutor Viktor Shokin". The Irish Times. Dublin, Republic of Ireland: The Irish Times Trust. ISSN 1393-3515. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  12. ^ "Пшонка та його син мають громадянство Росії" [Pshonka and his son have Russian citizenship]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 13 June 2014. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  13. ^ "Ukraine: Speaker Oleksandr Turchynov named interim president". BBC News. 23 February 2014. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  14. ^ Тарасовська, Наталя (Tarasovska, Natalia ) (5 November 2016). "З дачі Пшонки зникли мармурові леви - журналіст" [From Pshonka mansion disappears the marble lions - journalist]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ "Родина Пшонки перевезла ювелірний бізнес до Криму – "Схеми"" [Pshonka's family transports jewelry business to Crimea - Schemes]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 4 November 2016. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  16. ^ Чорновалов, Олександр (Chornalov, Alexander) (4 November 2016). "Золото Пшонки (розслідування)" [Wheat gold (investigation)]. Radio Svoboda (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ Халілов, Рустем (Khalilov, Rustem) (10 April 2017). "Хроніка 10 квітня. Мерседес для "Нафтогазу" та прощання з Яценюком" [The Chronicle of April 10. Mercedes for Naftogaz and farewell to Yatsenyuk]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ "Shokin: Tymoshenko case files missing from PGO". Unian. 10 April 2015. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
  19. ^ Кошкина, Соня (Koshkina, Sonia) (9 April 2015). "Віктор Шокін: "Команду стріляти по Майдану давав Янукович"" [Viktor Shokin: "Yanukovych gave command to shoot on Maidan"]. LB.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2019.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ "Auto-Maidan protesters arrived at Poroshenko's residence, demanding Shokin's resignation (photos)". Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Kyiv, Ukraine: 1+1 Media Group. 31 October 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  21. ^ Chernichkin, Kostyantyn; Sukhov, Oleg (25 March 2016). "Demonstrators protest Shokin's firing of anti-corruption prosecutors". Kyiv Post. Kyiv, Ukraine: Businessgroup LLC. ISSN 1563-6429. Archived from the original on 21 February 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  22. ^ a b c "Ukrainian Protesters Demand Dismissal Of Prosecutor-General". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Prague, Czech Republic: U.S. Agency for Global Media. 28 March 2016. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  23. ^ "Ukraine prosecutor Viktor Shokin 'targeted by sniper'". BBC News. London: BBC. 3 November 2016. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  24. ^ "SBU Continues Investigating Case Upon Attempted Assassination Of Ex-Prosecutor General Shokin". Kyiv, Ukraine: Inter Media Group Ltd. Ukrainian News Agency. 1 October 2019. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  25. ^ Yaffa, Joshua (29 August 2016). "Reforming Ukraine After the Revolutions". Letter from Kiev. The New Yorker. New York City: Condé Nast. ISSN 0028-792X. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019. "This article appears in the print edition of the September 5, 2016, issue, with the headline 'After the Revolutions.'"
  26. ^ Clemons, Steve (26 August 2016). "The Geopolitical Therapist". The Atlantic. Washington, D.C.: Emerson Collective. ISSN 2151-9463. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  27. ^ a b Cullison, Alan (22 September 2019). "Bidens in Ukraine: An Explainer". The Wall Street Journal. New York City: Dow Jones & Company. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019. Messrs. Trump and Giuliani have suggested that Joe Biden pushed for the firing of Ukraine's general prosecutor, Viktor Shokin, in March 2016 to stop an investigation into Burisma. In Ukraine, government officials and anticorruption advocates say that is a misrepresentation. ... Mr. Shokin had dragged his feet into those investigations, Western diplomats said, and effectively squashed one in London by failing to cooperate with U.K. authorities. ... In a speech in 2015, the U.S. ambassador to Ukraine, Geoffrey Pyatt, called the Ukrainian prosecutor 'an obstacle' to anticorruption efforts...
  28. ^ "The Double Challenge to Ukraine: Kremlin Aggression and Reform" (PDF). US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Europe and Regional Security Cooperation. 15 March 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  29. ^ "Prosecutor General ousted for corruption". Star Tribune. Minneapolis, MN: Michael J. Klingensmith. 30 March 2016. p. A6. ISSN 0895-2825. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  30. ^ "Ex-prosecutor Kasko says Shokin gave instructions coming from MP Kononenko". Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Kyiv, Ukraine: 1+1 Media Group. 26 February 2016. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  31. ^ "IMF warning sparks Ukraine pledge on corruption and reform". Financial Times. 10 February 2016. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  32. ^ MacDonald, Euan; Sukhov, Oleg (16 February 2016). "Prosecutor General Shokin resigns (UPDATED)". Kyiv Post. Kyiv, Ukraine: Businessgroup LLC. ISSN 1563-6429. Archived from the original on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  33. ^ "Chief prosecutor Shokin on leave – PGO". Interfax-Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine: Interfax. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  34. ^ "Poroshenko's Office Announces Receipt Of Shokin Resignation". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Prague, Czech Republic: U.S. Agency for Global Media. 19 February 2016. Archived from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  35. ^ Cohen, Josh (6 May 2016). "No reforms, no aid for Ukraine". Berlin: European Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  36. ^ a b Kramer, Andrew E. (29 March 2016). "Ukraine Ousts Viktor Shokin, Top Prosecutor, and Political Stability Hangs in the Balance". The New York Times. New York City. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019. "A version of this article appears in print on March 29, 2016, Section A, Page 3 of the New York edition with the headline: Risking Political Stability, Ukraine Ousts Top Prosecutor ."
  37. ^ "Anti-Corruption Action Center prepares statement about PGO offenses". Kyiv Post. Kyiv, Ukraine: Businessgroup LLC. Interfax-Ukraine. 30 March 2016. ISSN 1563-6429. Archived from the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  38. ^ "Rada agrees to dismiss Ukrainian Prosecutor General Shokin". Interfax-Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine: Interfax. 29 March 2016. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  39. ^ "Шокін радий і зібрався на пенсію" [Shokin is happy and is about to retire]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 29 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  40. ^ a b Stern, David L.; Dixon, Robyn (27 February 2020). "Ukraine court forces probe into Biden role in firing of prosecutor Viktor Shokin". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  41. ^ Kyiv, Veronika MelkozerovaVeronika Melkozerova is a journalist based in; Ukraine. (10 November 2020). "Ukraine police close Biden probe initiated by ousted prosecutor". NBC News. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  42. ^ a b Vogel, Kenneth P. (22 September 2019). "Trump, Biden and Ukraine: Sorting Out the Accusations". The New York Times. New York City. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019. "A version of this article appears in print on Sept. 22, 2019, Section A, Page 19 of the New York edition with the headline: Trump Is Pointing Fingers, but Here’s the Rundown on Biden and Son."
  43. ^ Ivanova, Polina; Polityuk, Pavel (27 September 2019). "Ukraine agency says allegations against Burisma cover period before Biden joined". Reuters. Kyiv. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  44. ^ In March 2016, testimony to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, former ambassador to Ukraine John E. Herbst stated, "By late fall of 2015, the EU and the United States joined the chorus of those seeking Mr. Shokin's removal" and that Joe Biden "spoke publicly about this before and during his December visit to Kyiv". During the same hearing, assistant secretary of state Victoria Nuland stated, "we have pegged our next $1 billion loan guarantee, first and foremost, to having a rebooting of the reform coalition so that we know who we are working with, but secondarily, to ensuring that the prosecutor general's office gets cleaned up." Ukrainian Reforms Two Years After the Maidan Revolution and the Russian Invasion Hearing Archived November 19, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. March 15, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
  45. ^ Ballhaus, Rebecca (21 September 2019). "Timeline of Trump-Ukraine-Bidens Story". The Wall Street Journal. New York City: Dow Jones & Company. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
  46. ^ Miller, Christopher (3 October 2019). "Why Was Ukraine's Top Prosecutor Fired? The Issue At The Heart Of The Dispute Gripping Washington". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  47. ^ Kramer, Andrew E. (29 March 2016). "Ukraine Ousts Viktor Shokin, Top Prosecutor, and Political Stability Hangs in the Balance". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  48. ^ Risen, James (8 December 2015). "Joe Biden, His Son and the Case Against a Ukrainian Oligarch". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  49. ^ Washington, District of Columbia 1100 Connecticut Ave NW Suite 1300B; Dc 20036. "PolitiFact - Fact-checking Joe Biden, Hunter Biden, and Ukraine". @politifact. Retrieved 25 October 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  50. ^ Baker, Stephanie; Krasnolutska, Daryna (7 May 2019) [First published 6 May 2019]. "Timeline in Ukraine Probe Casts Doubt on Giuliani's Biden Claim". Bloomberg News. New York City: Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  51. ^ Jacobson, Louis (7 May 2019). "Fact Checking: Joe Biden, Hunter Biden, and Ukraine". PolitiFact. St. Petersburg, Florida: Poynter Institute. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  52. ^ Vogel, Kenneth P.; Mendel, Iuliia (1 May 2019). "Biden Faces Conflict of Interest Questions That Are Being Promoted by Trump and Allies". The New York Times. New York City. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019. "A version of this article appears in print on May 1, 2019, Section A, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: For Biden, a Ukraine Matter That Won’t Go Away."
  53. ^ a b Solomon, John (4 September 2019). "Shokin Statement". Scribd. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  54. ^ Solomon, John (26 September 2019). "Solomon: These once-secret memos cast doubt on Joe Biden's Ukraine story". The Hill. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  55. ^ Singman, Brooke (3 October 2019). "Documents heighten scrutiny on Biden-Ukraine dealings, indicate Hunter may have made 'millions'". Fox News. New York City: Fox Corporation. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
  56. ^ Ivanova, Polina; Polityuk, Pavel (27 September 2019). "Ukraine agency says allegations against Burisma cover period before Biden joined". Reuters. London: Thomson Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  57. ^ Seddon, Max (13 May 2014). "Biden's Son, Polish Ex-President Quietly Sign On To Ukrainian Gas Company". BuzzFeed News. New York City: BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  58. ^ Melkozerova, Veronika (10 November 2020). "Ukraine police close Biden probe initiated by ousted prosecutor". NBC News. Kyiv. Retrieved 25 October 2021. [Melkozerova is a journalist based in Ukraine.]
  59. ^ Bump, Philip (25 September 2023). "The Republican case against Biden takes a body blow … from Fox News". The Washington Post.
  60. ^ Meyer, Ken (25 September 2023). "Ex-Ukrainian President Wrecks Fox Host's Attempt to Use Shokin in Biden Conspiracy: 'Please' Don't Use This 'Completely Crazy Person'". Mediaite.
  61. ^ "The inside story of Ukraine's 'very good' prosecutor at the centre of Trump's latest scandal". 8 October 2019. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  62. ^ McLaughlin, Daniel. "EU hails sacking of Ukraine's prosecutor Viktor Shokin". Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  63. ^ "У Шокіна цілий прокурорський клан: дочка, зять, сват". Ukrayinska Pravda. 10 February 2015. Archived from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
[edit]

Media related to Viktor Shokin at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Shokin&oldid=1253384544"