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Viennese cuisine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Apfelstrudel, a Viennese speciality

Viennese cuisine is the cuisine that is characteristic of Vienna, Austria, and a majority of its residents. Viennese cuisine is often treated as equivalent to Austrian cuisine, but while elements of Viennese cuisine have spread throughout Austria, other Austrian regions have their own unique variations.

Viennese cuisine is best known for its Wiener schnitzel and pastries, but it includes a wide range of other unique dishes.[1][2][3][4]

Vienna has been the capital of Austria for more than a thousand years. It became the cultural centre of the nation and developed its own regional cuisine; as such, Viennese cuisine has distinct cooking.[5]

The variety of ingredients sold on the Naschmarkt might lead to the thought of a broadly varied cooking culture. In fact, dishes heavily depending on meat make up typical Viennese cuisine: Wiener schnitzel (veal coated in breadcrumbs and fried), Tafelspitz (boiled beef), Beuschel (a ragout containing veal lungs and heart), and Selchfleisch (smoked meat) with sauerkraut and dumplings are typical of its cooking. Some sweet Viennese dishes include Apfelstrudel (strudel pastry filled with apples), Millirahmstrudel (milk-cream strudel), Kaiserschmarrn (shredded pancakes served with fruit compotes), and Sachertorte (cake of two layers of chocolate cake with apricot jam in the middle). These and many other desserts will be on offer at one of the many Konditorei of Vienna, where they are generally eaten with coffee in the afternoon. Liptauer as a spread, or Powidl also as spread or base for dumplings are also quite popular.

History

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The Viennese cooking tradition developed from many different sources: "Viennese cuisine is all about—an eclectic mix of cuisines from Europe and beyond, of all regions and lands that were once part of the monarchy."[6]

Italian influence has been strong since roughly the early 17th century, and can be seen in the names of ingredients and dishes that are still in use today such as ribisi (from the Venetian "risi e bisi"), melanzani, maroni and biscotti. In the 18th century, French cuisine became influential in Vienna and the term "bouillon" became common in middle-class circles for soup.[7] The term "Wiener Küche" (Viennese cuisine) first appeared in German language cookbooks around the end of the 18th century, and it was mistakenly treated as equivalent to Austrian cuisine.

The croissant is also thought to have originated in Vienna after the defeat of the Turks in the Siege of Vienna.[8]

In the second half of the 19th century, cookbooks started to include Bohemian, Hungarian, Jewish,[9][10] Polish, and Balkan features in Viennese cuisine.[11] Viennese cooking reflected foods brought in from various parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire: "Viennese menus usually comprise the same group of dishes, sometimes Austrian in origin but often inherited from the various nationalities of the empire: Hungarian goulash ... wiener schnitzel ... south Slav ćevapčići... crêpe-like Palatschinken (claimed by the Romanians), and Powidltascherl ... from the Czechs, to name but a few."[11]

Modern Viennese cuisine

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In modern Vienna, many chefs have begun to combine traditional Viennese dishes with the principles of nouvelle cuisine to create what is known as "Neue Wiener Küche" (New Viennese cuisine).[12] This includes vegetarian food.[6]

Also, Turkish, Jewish,[9] Middle Eastern, and Indian cuisine have influence on the city because of growing immigrant communities.

Coffee houses

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Main article: Viennese coffee house

The Viennese coffee house is such an important part of the cuisine and culture of Vienna,[4] that the concept is listed as "Intangible Cultural Heritage" in the Austrian inventory of the "National Agency for the Intangible Cultural Heritage", a part of UNESCO. The Viennese coffee house is described in this inventory as a place, "where time and space are consumed, but only the coffee is found on the bill."[13]

Viennese dishes

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Tafelspitz

Typical Viennese dishes include:

See also

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  • Vienna bread, the unique and influential style of lighter bread with fresh leavening that developed in Vienna
  • Viennoiserie, a French term referring to baked goods in the style of or influenced by Viennese baking

References

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  1. ^ Muckerman, Anna (6 August 2019). "Does this schnitzel define Vienna?". BBC. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  2. ^ Bacon, Susanne (9 August 2019). "Across the Fence: Schnitzel". Subrurban Times. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  3. ^ King, Chula (3 October 2018). "Schnitzel and potatoes make for grand Oktoberfest celebration". Tallahassee Democrat. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  4. ^ a b Müller, Holly (10 February 2016). "Coffee in the anti-cafe: hipsters beware Vienna's Cafe Am Heumarkt". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  5. ^ Archived column on Vienna
  6. ^ a b Fitzsimmons, Annie (15 August 2019). "A Short Guide to Dining in Vienna". AFAR. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  7. ^ Nicole (2021-05-29). "Wiener Küche - beliebt, begehrt & allseits bewährt!". Bezirks Alm (in German). Retrieved 2024-06-06.
  8. ^ "The curious history of the croissant". www.puratos.com. Retrieved 2024-06-06.
  9. ^ a b Heckel, Amby Jodi (9 September 2020). "Illinois archivist's prize-winning essay reveals Jewish origins of Viennese cuisine". University of Illinois. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  10. ^ Breuer, Rayna (11 November 2020). "How the Nazis Stole a Cookbook Alice Urbach's cookbook was a bestseller in the 1930s in German-speaking countries. A Jew, she fled her home under the Nazis, who republished the book under a different name without giving her credit". The Wire. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  11. ^ a b Rushby, Kevin (16 December 2019). "A local's guide: Vienna holidays: A local's guide to Vienna: 10 top tips: With such a rich cultural and historical heritage, the Austrian capital is a wonder to wander but don't overlook its diverse neighbourhoods, cuisine and bars". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  12. ^ Rail, Evan (27 January 2008). "Choice Tables: Vienna: Dining That's Not Set to Strauss Waltzes". New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
  13. ^ Intangible Cultural Heritage in Austria: Viennese Coffee House Culture
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