User talk:VeygonKeesh
Welcome!
[edit]Hello, VeygonKeesh, and welcome to Wikipedia! My name is Adam and I work with the Wiki Education Foundation; I help support students who are editing as part of a class assignment.
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If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Adam (Wiki Ed) (talk) 05:28, 7 September 2016 (UTC)
Hey VeygonKeesh. This Rexesha from our gender and sexuality course. I'm writing on your talk page in reply to wanting to be your partner. Rexiipooh (talk) 15:43, 9 September 2016 (UTC)
bib
[edit]I plan to add to the Gender policing article. I hope to provide more of an analysis of gender policing, its role in our society, and its "origins." I plan to add a section about gender and race and their roles as social constructs. I plan on editing the leader as well and providing more citation over all.
Price, Jammie, and Gregory M. Herek. "Stigma and Sexual Orientation: Understanding Prejudice against Lesbians, Gay Men and Bisexuals." Contemporary Sociology 28.2 (1999): 1-20. Pbs.org. PBS. Web. 26 Oct. 2016. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/assault/roots/franklin.html>.
This article searches for self described motivations of people who committed hate crimes against LGBT identified people. It aims to answer why people who label themselves progressive and not anti-gay would harm LGBT identified folk. Reasons that were listed were homosocial bonding, responses to feelings of powerlessness, punishment for cultural and social deviation from norms. The article has cited sources and relays information with clear language and analysis.
I found this article through Google by searching “homophobia misogyny.”
Spargo, Tamsin. Post Modern Encounters Foucault and Queer Theory. New York: Totem, 1999. Print.
This article provides a genealogy of queer theory starting with Foucault then describing Judith Butler’s ideas. Foucault’s ideas would help with breaking down gender policing. Foucault says that institutions keep power by prescribing accepted identities and marginalizing those that don’t fit into these frameworks. Butler breaks down these identities and describes them as performative. Like Foucault, Butler says that these identities are assigned to us according to our actions and the frameworks we find ourselves in. The tone in this article feels very informal but informative. It is meant to summarize and critique post modernism and queer theory.
I received this reading in my gender studies course as a PDF.
This article highlights the effects of the gender binary in relationships where one partner is trans. It has a brief introduction of queer theory and proposes its usefulness in alleviating anxiety around identity in relationships between queer persons. I plan to use this article to show the extent to which gender policing effects interpersonal relationships and our conceptions of ourselves. It is meant for a broad audience with enough emphasis on their work as therapists to potentially be influential to other therapists. This article has decent size bibliography.
I found this article by searching “gender binary PDF” with Google.
https://globalstudies.trinity.duke.edu/wp-content/themes/cgsh/materials/WKO/v2d2_Lugones.pdf
This article describes the enforcement of the gender binary by colonialist empires. It is written as a critique of another author named “Quijano’s” work. It describes gender’s reliance on white supremacist norms to police itself. It also discusses gender’s role in capitalism and the construction of knowledge. I plan to use this article to discuss gender policing’s effects on racial stereotypes and its creation of “others” as mechanisms to empower and oppress. The language used is accessible and it has an extensive bibliography.
I found this article by searching “gender colonialism” with Google.
http://lauragonzalez.com/TC/BUTLER_gender_trouble.pdf
A PDF of Judith Butler’s book Gender Trouble. Butler argues that the idea of gender is created through language and built on presupposed knowledge of a pre-social self. Gender is described as derived from performance and exists in opposition to the universal masculine. I plan to use this source to highlight the importance of language in the creation and policing of language. The language used is very scholarly and not a light read. Butler cites and critiques other authors to conceptualize their work.
I found this PDF by searching “Judith butler gender trouble” with Google.
outline
[edit]Heteronormativity and the Gender Binary
Gender policing aims to keep gender roles rigid and aligned according to the Gender Binary. The gender binary is the idea that gender exists as the opposition between man and woman. Hetero-normativity, as an institution, is an extension of this belief that posits that gender and sexuality are expressions of biology. This functionalism of biology asserts that male and female genitalia only serve the purpose of procreation, which creates gender roles that manifest from a perceived innate desire, giving sexuality a specific purpose within society.
Gayle Rubin’s writing in “The Traffic in Women,” links the creation of the gender binary to the subordination of women in western society. Rubin studied the works of Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, and Levi Strauss to gain a better understanding of the creation of the “sex/gender system.” Rubin found that “woman” was a role created in opposition to “man” and served the purpose of building power, trade relationships, and mutual aid through the exchange of women by marriage. This system of exchange necessitated rules, which had to be policed to ensure its continued survival. These rules crystalized into hetero-normativity, culturally instilling the rules for accepted sexuality in western society.
Man and woman as categories can not exist without the other to enforce what they are and are not. The same can be said of heterosexuality and homosexuality. These categories are created out of their opposition, forming power dynamics. Foucault referred to this creation of identities, through creating discourse surrounding the ideal, as reverse discourse. This antagonistic relationship between identities is the basis for gender policing. Deviation from normative expression, of either gender or sexuality, is often met with varying degrees violence.
Patriarchy and Hegemonic Masculinity
Patriarchal societies perpetuate masculine dominance in all aspects of life. Patriarchy privileges masculine thought and expression creating a gender hierarchy where women and the feminine are subordinated. The concept of hegemonic masculinity describes a hierarchy even within masculinity itself. Hegemonic masculinity allows for the terms and expression of masculinity to be renegotiated according to time, culture, and class status, allowing for the rationalization of its continued dominance.
The gender hierarchy created by patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity creates competition for dominance resulting in the policing of gender and sexuality. Policing of masculinity in a hetero-normative society reinforces the gender binary. Individuals seeking to reaffirm their position in a masculine hierarchy seek out and police individuals performing inadequately. Those performing inadequately must either conform to the accepted forms of gender and sexual expression or risk violence and ostracization.
Substantial literature regarding gender and parents’ behavior toward their sons and daughters indicates that two patterns of gender typing by parents are well documented. First, fathers are more likely than mothers to enforce gender boundaries, or police the gendered expressions of their children.[1] Second, both fathers and mothers enforce gender boundaries more frequently with sons than with daughters.[1]
Research on the topic of parental gender policing has shown that female children who display traditionally masculine traits or behaviors receive more social and parental acceptance than male children who exhibit traditionally feminine tendencies.[1][2] Many scholars on the subject argue that this is due to the greater value assigned to “masculine” traits or behaviors compared to “feminine” ones, and/or beliefs that “tomboyism” is temporary.[1][2] At least one study indicates that parents across various social locations celebrate and encourage their preschool age daughters to engage in gender nonconformity, such as wearing sports-themed clothing and participating in traditionally male activities.[1] However, other research indicates that in part due to peer and parental pressures, “tomboys,” or female children with “masculine” traits or behavioral tendencies, frequently either abandon these tendencies in adolescence, or adopt a more feminine performance but retain many masculine skills and traits.[2] Pressures to conform to gender norms increase with age, and often manifest in these children being “instructed or shamed to conform to traditional femininity – in dress, appearance, posture, manner, interests, and dating.”[2]
Psychoanalysis
Fields of knowledge that claim to be universal are still created within societal frameworks that have their own rules and biases. A patriarchal society gives privilege to masculine thought and excludes other points of view and histories. All discourse created in a patriarchal society can be said to acquiesce to hegemonic masculinity. Many queer theorists critiqued the field of psychoanalysis for just that including Gayle S. Rubin, Judith Butler, and Michel Foucault.
Foucault viewed psychoanalysis as a secular confession concerned with finding our natural sexual selves. The problem, Foucault argued, is that sexuality is cultural and any narrative created around it gives the subject the illusion of identity rather than experience. Psychoanalysis conducted in a hetero-normative society would view any deviation as a failing to achieve that ideal. Rather than someone being seen as performing an act they would be seen as embodying that which society deemed inadequate.
I think the way you set up your article for Gender Policing is good. You have really nice resources, as your bibliography is really well-structured. I think you should add a little more to your resources description. I love how you ended it with a pysco analysis, and how it relates to the class. What you should do is define each section, and give examples, behind your definition. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rexiipooh (talk • contribs) 06:51, 5 December 2016 (UTC)
The structure of your article is great! Your content is neutral and your sentences are clear and concise. My one editing suggestion is about your subheadings; some have all first letters capitalized and others have only the first letter of the first word capitalized. Gmwalker (talk) 10:59, 9 December 2016 (UTC)