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Hi Emu,
Where did you see a far-right source in this?
"Estimates of the number of German civilians in Königsberg on the eve of the final Soviet assault (6-9 April 1945) in the Battle of Königsberg range from 90,000 to 130,000.[1] According to the director of the city’s German hospitals for infectious diseases the number was in the order of 110,000.[2] German historian Andreas Kossert assumes about 100,000 - 126,000 German civilians.[3] An unknown number of civilians were killed in the battle, were murdered by rampaging Soviet troops, died from exhaustion when taken by the Soviets on forced marches across the countryside, or were deported to Soviet camps.[4]
The first effort after the battle to establish the number of the city’s inhabitants, by the Soviet administration’s passport department, yielded 63,247 Germans living in the city in late April 1945. The number was about 60,000 in June and 68,014 (out of a total of 140,114 in the Königsberg region including the city and other communities) in September 1945.[5] The Soviet administration recorded a massive die-off in the city in the period from 1 September 1945 to 1 May 1946. On 20 September 1,799 deaths outside of hospitals and 881 in hospitals were recorded, 2,933 outside and 901 in hospitals on 20 October 1945, in the whole period 21,111 deaths.[6] The Soviet administration attributed this mortality to two epidemics of typhoid fever, which in turn were attributed solely to the crowded conditions in which the German population lived. However, the non-working part of the German population, ca. 42,000, received just 200 g of bread per day against payment, 15,900 unskilled workers received 400 g, 1,100 skilled workers 600 g. Moreover, the nutritional value of this bread was very low. As the rations granted to non-workers and unskilled workers were by no means sufficient to ensure survival, malnutrition was the main reason for the high mortality.[7] According to Starlinger mortality from infectious diseases was comparatively low, with 2,700 deaths among 13,200 patients treated in the hospitals for infectious diseases. Violence, hunger, cold and exhaustion were far more prolific killers than all epidemics together.[8] Hunger and violence were also mentioned as the main causes of death in the diaries of physicians working at the city’s central hospital.[9]
A total of 102,407 German inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast were deported to the Soviet occupation zone between April 1947 and May 1951. How many of these were from Königsberg does not become apparent from Soviet records. It is estimated that 43,617 Germans were in the city in the spring of 1946.[10] According to Kossert (as above), about 24,000 survivors from Königsberg were deported in 1947/48, while the rest of the population at the time of the Soviet conquest, about 76,000 out of 100,000 to 102,000 out of 126,000, had perished in the interim. Hunger accounted for 75 % of the deaths, epidemics (especially typhoid fever) for 2.6 % and violence for 15 %. Starlinger estimated 75,000 deaths out of a population of 100,000[11], Deichelmann assumed about 80,000 deaths and 17-20,000 survivors[12], Wieck 20,000 survivors out of 130,000.[13]
Wieck was under the impression that the Russians wanted all Germans to starve and to this effect tried to hinder their efforts to survive by work, black-market trading or otherwise.[14] Deichelmann considered some official measures - reducing the number of hospital beds at a time when they should have been increased, barring starving people from hospital treatment, chasing away begging children – to be sadistic.[15] He left it open whether this sadism was a matter of the local administration only or the Soviet central state was also behind it. A commission from Moscow was reportedly horrified about the living conditions of the German population.[16] Wieck mentioned the great mortality of Königsberg’s German population alongside the Holocaust, stating that Hitler wanted Europe without Jews and Stalin East Prussia without Germans. Nevertheless he pointed out that the two events cannot be compared with each other.[17]"
Lasch? A Wehrmacht general's self-aggrandizing memoir, but not far right as far as I know.
The publisher Motorbuch Verlag? Not far right as far as I know, but if they are please let me know.
Starlinger? Not that I know. What makes you think he was far right?
The publisher Holzner-Verlag Würzburg? Not far right as far as I know, but if they are please let me know.
Fisch and Klemeševa? Certainly not a far-right source.
The journal Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung? Don't think so either.
Wieck? A Holocaust survivor, certainly not a far-right source.
C.H. Beck oHG Munich? Not far right as far as I know, but if they are please let me know.
Kossert? A noted German historian, Certainly not a far right source.
The publisher Pantheon Verlag? Not far right as far as I know, but if they are please let me know.
Graf von Lehndorff? Hardly far fight, he had relatives in the German anti-Nazi resistance.
Biederstein Verlag? Not far right as far as I know, but if they are please let me know.
Deichelmann? His diary happens to be also published by the far-right Verlag Bublies, which is why I sourced it to a genealogy journal also referred to by Kossert.
I'm the last person who would want to push far-right sources as per your insulting remark, but you should avoid seeing far-right stuff where there is none.
"Non-autoconfirmed user rapidly reverting edits"
[edit]Hi Emu,
Regarding "Non-autoconfirmed user rapidly reverting edits":
What's that supposed to mean? I'm changing contents or formatting in my own edits. What's supposed to be wrong with that? Cortagravatas (talk) 12:15, 9 September 2021 (UTC)
List of Famines
[edit]Hi emu,
What are your objections to this edit?
|-
| 1945-1947 || Famine in Königsberg (Kaliningrad)||Soviet Union||57,000−76,500[18]
|-
- ^ General Otto Lasch, So fiel Königsberg, 4. Lizenzausgabe 1991 des Motorbuch Verlags Stuttgart, p. 116.
- ^ Wilhelm Starlinger, Grenzen der Sowjetmacht im Spiegel einer West-Ostbegegnung hinter Palisaden von 1945-1954. Mit einem Bericht der Deutschen Seuchenkrankenhäuser Yorck und St. Elisabeth über das Leben und Sterben in Königsberg 1945-1947; zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Ablaufes gekoppelter Groβseuchen unter elementaren Bedingungen. (1955 Holzner-Verlag Würzburg), pp. 36-37.
- ^ Andreas Kossert, Ostpreuβen. Geschichte und Mythos, 2007 Pantheon Verlag, PDF edition, p. 347.
- ^ Michael Wieck, Zeugnis vom Untergang Königsbergs. Ein "Geltungsjude" berichtet. (2009 C.H. Beck oHG Munich), pp. 238-240; Hans Deichelmann, Ich sah Königsberg sterben. Aus dem Tagebuch eines Arztes von April 1945 bis März 1948, published in Altpreuβische Geschlechterkunde (a genealogy journal), Neue Folge, 43. Jahrgang, Band 25 (1995), pp. 180 to 346, description of Soviet atrocities and forced marches on pp. 192-201.
- ^ Bernhard Fisch and Marina Klemeševa, "Zum Schicksal der Deutschen in Königsberg 1945-1948 (im Spiegel bislang unbekannter russischer Quellen)", Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung Bd. 44 Nr. 3 (1995), pages 394, 395
- ^ Fisch and Klemeševa, as above p. 396
- ^ Fisch and Klemeševa, as above pp. 396-397.
- ^ Grenzen der Sowjetmacht, p. 41.
- ^ Hans Graf von Lehndorff, Ostpreussisches Tagebuch. Aufzeichnungen eines Arztes aus den Jahren 1945 – 1947. (1961 Biederstein Verlag, Munich), pp. 150-153 and 166; Deichelmann, as above pp. 202, 211-214, 225, 232, 235-236, 239, 242, 247, 250, 254, 258-260, 278-283, 285-290.
- ^ Fisch and Klemeševa, as above p. 399.
- ^ Grenzen der Sowjetmacht, pp. 36-40.
- ^ As above pp. 333-334.
- ^ Zeugnis, pp. 265-265
- ^ As above, pp. 268-269, 301.
- ^ As above, p. 335.
- ^ As above, p. 306.
- ^ Zeugnis, p. 303.
- ^ According to German historian Andreas Kossert, there were about 100,000 to 126,000 German civilians in the city at the time of Soviet conquest in early April 1945, and of these only 24,000 survived to be deported in 1947/48. Hunger accounted for 75 % of the deaths, epidemics (especially typhoid fever) for 2.6 % and violence for 15 %. (Andreas Kossert, Ostpreuβen. Geschichte und Mythos, 2007 Pantheon Verlag, PDF edition, p. 347.) This would mean 76,000 - 102,000 deaths and 57,000 - 76,500 thereof (75 %) from hunger. Peter B. Clark (The Death of East Prussia. War and Revenge in Germany’s Easternmost Province, Andover Press 2013, PDF edition, p. 326) refers to Professor Wilhelm Starlinger, the director of the city’s two hospitals that cared for typhus patients, who estimated that out of a population of about 100,000 in April 1945, some 25,000 had survived by the time large-scale evacuations began in 1947. This estimate is also mentioned by Richard Bessel, "Unnatural Deaths", in: The Illustrated Oxford History of World War II, edited by Richard Overy, Oxford University Press 2015, pp. 321 to 343, (p. 336).