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Welcome!

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Hello, Rebmorse, and welcome to Wikipedia! My name is Adam and I work with the Wiki Education Foundation; I help support students who are editing as part of a class assignment.

I hope you enjoy editing here. If you haven't already done so, please check out the student training library, which introduces you to editing and Wikipedia's core principles. You may also want to check out the Teahouse, a community of Wikipedia editors dedicated to helping new users. Below are some resources to help you get started editing.

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If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Adam (Wiki Ed) (talk) 21:09, 13 September 2016 (UTC)[reply]


Welcome

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Welcome to Wikipedia and Wikiproject Medicine

Welcome to Wikipedia. We have compiled some guidance for new healthcare editors:

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Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 04:27, 21 December 2016 (UTC)[reply]

Move here

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I have moved you content here. We have an article called Sex education in the United States. What you have written needs to have some of the capital letters reviewed. Please read what is already there first. Best Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 04:29, 21 December 2016 (UTC)[reply]


Extended content

Politics of Sex Education in the United States Sex education is a politicized topic in the United States with different political parties condoning different methods of teaching sex education, whether it be comprehensive sex education or abstinence-only. The opposing positions on sex education are commonly found by looking at the political parties' ideologies and seeing who they believe is responsible for teaching children sex education: the individual or society.[1]

Republican Viewpoint

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From a Republican viewpoint, the responsibility to teach children sex education stems from the individual. With this emphasis on the individual, Republican administrations favored abstinence-only sex education because it empowers “individuals and families to pursue the characteristics of personal responsibility, honor, and integrity, through education and personal relationship building.”[1] A 2009 public opinion study of comprehensive sex education in South Carolina found that Republicans ranged from low to moderate support in regards to comprehensive education and strongly disagreed with this sex education's outcome, showing a more favorable response to abstinence only education.[2]

History with Sexual Education

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In 1981, Senator Orrin Hatch (R-UT) created a bill titled "Adolescent Family Life Act" (AFLA), which enabled parents and adult family members to have the guidance needed to teach their children about how to remain abstinent before marriage.[3] This act served as the backdrop for the 1996 welfare reform bill provisions on abstinence only sex education.

In 1996, the new Republican majority in the House of Representatives introduced The Contract with America. In this contract, Republicans proposed their welfare reform bill by addressing the importance of reducing illegitimate children and restoring the American family morals.[4] This bill granted 50 million dollars a year from 1998-2002 to abstinence only sex education and the funds were specifically prohibited to be given to programs that discussed contraception in order to promote abstinence.[5]

Also in 1996, the federal government made amendments to the AFLA, which increased abstinence only education funding by 9 million dollars. This funding was also specifically allocated to programs discussing abstinence as the only option to prevent teenage pregnancy.[6]

In 1999, Representative Ernest Istook (R-OK), an established social conservative, secured 20 million dollars from the federal fund to be allocated to abstinence-only sex education.[3]

George W. Bush's administration specifically supported abstinence-only-until-marriage sex education programs and highlighted abstinence as a moral and/or character issue rather than a public health behavior.[2]

Democrat Viewpoint

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From a Democrat viewpoint, the responsibility to teach children sex education stems from the society in which the individual is living. “Society has the responsibility to provide young people with the tools they need to safeguard their sexual health, and young people have the responsibility to protect themselves from too-early child-bearing and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV.”[7] The same 2009 public opinion study as mentioned in the Republican Viewpoint section found that Democrats were in the highly supportive category for comprehensive sex education and strongly agreed with this sex education's outcome.[2]

History with Sexual Education

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In 1970, Chicago, Illinois initiated a sociological study by creating a Planned Parenthood Teen Scene clinic, which "expressed purpose of offering sex information and education, individual and group counseling, and contraceptives and related medical services to teens 19 years old and younger."[8] In this study, most of the girls that came to the clinic came for birth control information and 80% of these girls did not inform their parents because of the stigma attached to having sex before marriage. The finding of this study was that a majority of girls were having sex during their teenage years yet their sex education was not addressing this fact. It called for more comprehensive sex education to better match actual teenage behaviors.[8]

In 1978, Senator Edward Kennedy (D-MA) proposed a bill to prevent unwanted pregnancies in teenagers by creating easy access to federally funded contraceptive and abortion services titled "Adolescent Health, Services, and Pregnancy Prevention Care Act."[3] This bill was superseded once Ronald Reagan took office in 1981 and his administration focused primarily on abstinence only education.

In 1995, President Bill Clinton, in his State of Union Address, reintroduced the high teenage pregnancy rates as an issue on his executive agenda.[3] With this platform, the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy was created and it is a proponent of comprehensive sex education as well as supportive of easy access to birth control.[9]

In a nationally representative sample of the United States from 2005 to 2006, researchers found that 92% of liberals polled favored comprehensive sexual education and fewer then half of these liberals found that instruction on condom use would encourage teenagers to have sex.[10]

Barack Obama's administration favored abstinence plus sex education or comprehensive sex education.[2]

  1. ^ a b Boryczka, Jocelyn (2009). "Whose Responsibility? The Politics of Sex Education Policy in the United States" (PDF). Politics and Gender. 5: 185–210.
  2. ^ a b c d Alton, Forrest (2009). "Public Opinion on School-Based Sex Education in South Carolina". American Journal of Sexuality Education. 4: 116–138.
  3. ^ a b c d Arsneault, S. "Values and Virtue: The Politics of Abstinence-Only Sex Education". The American Review of Public Administration. 31 (4): 436–454. doi:10.1177/02750740122065036.
  4. ^ Conlan, Timothy (1998). From New Federalism to Devolution: Twenty-Five Years of Intergovernmental Reform. Brookings Institution Press.
  5. ^ Daley, D. (2017-05-01). "Exclusive purpose: abstinence-only proponents create federal entitlement in welfare reform". SIECUS report. 25 (4): 3–7. ISSN 0091-3995. PMID 12319712.
  6. ^ Levin-Epstein, J. (1996). Teen parent provisions in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Washington, DC: Center for Law and Social Policy
  7. ^ "Youth Advocate Programs, Inc. > Who We Are". www.yapinc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-21.
  8. ^ a b Arnold, Shirley (1974). "Chicago Planned Parenthood's Teen Scene: A Sociological Study for Participants". Adolescence. 9: 371–390.
  9. ^ "8 Things You Can Do (Right Now!) To Empower Teens And Young Women". The National Campaign To Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. Retrieved 2016-12-21.
  10. ^ Hollander, Dore (2007). "Who's for Comprehensive Sex Education?". Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 39: 5.
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