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Human rights abuse

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Main article: Human rights abuses in Kashmir

Human rights abuses in all the administered areas areas of Kashmir have been reported by non governmental agency's such as Human Rights Watch.

Indian administered Kashmir

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Main article: Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir
A soldier guards the roadside checkpoint outside Srinagar International Airport in January 2009.

Human rights violation in Jammu and Kashmir, a territory administered by India, is an ongoing issue, ranging from mass killings, forced disappearances, rape, encounter killings, torture and the use of child soldiers by insurgents to political repression and suppression of freedom of speech. Various paramilitary groups[2][3] have been accused of perpetrating heinous torture against Hindu minority population. The Indian central reserve police force and border security personal[4] have been accused of committing human rights abuses against the Muslim majority.[5] Pakistani backed paramilitary groups have also been accused of using children as young as 10 to act as messengers and spy's. They have also use children to throw grenades at security forces and to plant explosive devices.[3]

During the eruption of armed rebellion the Islamic insurgency has claimed to have specifically targeted the Hindu Kashmiri Pandits minority and violated their human rights. According to various reports around 100,000 pandits were forced to flee their homeland[6] and an estimated 350,000 - 400,000 have been displaced to prevent torture and death.[6][7][8][9] The CIA has reported that at least 506,000 people are are internally displaced in India, about half of which are Hindu Pandits.[10][11] The United Nations Commission on Human Rights reports that there are roughly 1.5 million refugees from Indian-administered Kashmir, bulk of whom arrived in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and in Pakistan after the situation on the Indian side worsened in 1989 insurgency.[12]

In July 1990 Indian military was given special powers under Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958(AFSPA), which human rights groups claim gives the security force virtual immunity for crimes committed.[13] On the 26 of February 2009 the chief minister stated the act should be repealed, the security forces however said that revoking the act would be detrimental to security and help terrorist moral.[14] In 1992 the International Labour Organization has described the abuses carried out as having "reached a staggering proportion" and that they were "unprecedented in it's brutality".[15]

Reports from Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and the International Commission of Jurists confirmed Indian reports of systematic human rights violations by Pakistan-backed militants.[16] Militant groups have also kidnapped journalists, tortured and killed them and have intimidated newspapers into not publishing story's on human rights abuses.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

Pakistan administered Kashmir

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Azad Kashmir

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Main article: Human rights abuses in Azad Kashmir

Human rights abuses in Azad Kashmir, a disputed territory administered by Pakistan, are an ongoing issue, ranging from forced disappearances,[17][18] torture[19] to political repression and electoral fraud[20] and suppression of freedom of speech.[21] According to the human rights commission of Pakistan the Inter-Services Intelligence(ISI) agency carries out extensive surveillance operations on the press and pro independence groups, they have carried out arbitrary arrests in which people have been tortured and several have died.[20] Asian Legal Resource Centre (ALRC) is cited to indicate that dozens have disappeared after their arrests in Pakistan-held Kashmir. Those missing include Pakistani army personnel, those involved in spying for Pakistan, or those suspected of spying for India. According to the report "persons are arrested and disappeared if they refuse to join or try to leave the forces engaged in the “Jihad” inside Indian-held Kashmir or don’t provide information to the intelligence agencies about the movements of people across the border control line. A significant number of cases point to the Inter-Services Intelligence’s involvement in these disappearances"[17]

Brad Adams the Asia director at Human Rights Watch has said in 2006

Although ‘azad’ means ‘free,’ the residents of Azad Kashmir are anything but, The Pakistani authorities govern Azad Kashmir with strict controls on basic freedoms.[22]

Gilgit-Baltistan

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Gilgit-Baltistan, a disputed territory administered de facto by Pakistan, has received much criticism because of its dismal human rights record and allegations of state-sponsored terrorism.[23][24][25] Several members of the European Parliament expressed concern over the human rights violation in Gilgit-Baltistan and urged the government of Pakistan to establish democratic institutions and rule of law in the area.[26][27] In 2012 arrested the key official of Majlis-e-Wahdat-e-Muslimeen, a leading Shia party of Pakistan in Gilgit-Baltistan province at mid night apparently without any charges.[28] An independence group, the Balawaristan National Front has claimed that there is credible evidence that the Pakistani military was involved in order to widen the Sunni-Shia sectarian divide in the region.[29] Many pakistani are taking part in protests against sectarian violence which are according to some were endorsed by Pakistani state.[30][29][31]

dubious relevance

The main demand of the people of Gilgit-Baltistan is a constitutional status to the region as a fifth province of Pakistan.[32][33] However, Pakistan claims that Gilgit-Baltistan cannot be given constitutional status due to Pakistan's commitment to the 1948 UN resolution.[33][34] In 2007, International Crisis Group stated that "Almost six decades after Pakistan's independence, the constitutional status of the Federally Administered Northern Areas (Gilgit and Baltistan), once part of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir and now under Pakistani control, remains undetermined, with political autonomy a distant dream. The region's inhabitants are embittered by Islamabad's unwillingness to devolve powers in real terms to its elected representatives, and a nationalist movement, which seeks independence, is gaining ground. The rise of sectarian extremism is an alarming consequence of this denial of basic political rights".[35] A two-day conference on Gilgit-Baltistan was held on 8–9 April 2008 at the European Parliament in Brussels under the auspices of the International Kashmir Alliance.[26]

In 2009, the Pakistan government implemented an autonomy package for Gilgit-Baltistan which entails rights similar to those of Pakistan’s other provinces.[32] Gilgit-Baltistan thus gains province-like status without actually being conferred such a status constitutionally.[32][34] There has been criticism and opposition to this move in Pakistan, India, and Pakistan administrated Kashmir.[36] The move has been dubbed as an eyewash to hide the real mechanics of power, which allegedly are under the direct control of the Pakistani federal government.[37][33] 300 activists from Kashmiri groups protested during the first Gilgit-Baltistan legislative assembly elections, with some carrying banners reading "Pakistan's expansionist designs in Gilgit-Baltistan are unacceptable"[33]

In December 2009, activists of nationalist Kashmiri groups staged a protest in Muzaffarabad to condemn the alleged rigging of elections and killing of a 18-year old student.[38] Large protests erupted during the February 2012 Kohistan Killings.[39]

In 2000 the party accused Pakistan of settling 'terrorists, drug and arms smugglers, and Taliban activists in Balawaristan to convert indigenous people into a minority.'[40]

In June 2002 in an interview with Yoginder Sikand Abdul Hamid Khan accused Pakistan of treating people of Gilgit-Baltistan as virtual slaves and blamed Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence of fomenting sectarian violence between Shias, Sunnis and Ismailis.[41] Khan claimed that dozens of Al-Qaeda and Taliban leaders were hiding in Balawaristan with the help of Pakistani military and ISI. He released a list of 30 militants who he believed were in Balawaristan in a letter to Kofi Annan of the United Nations.[42][43]

On November 3, 2003 Nawaz Khan Najee who was then chairman of party participated in a rally demanding United Nations intervention regarding the status of Gilgit and Baltistan.[44]

Access to Justice is denied in this part of the world, because neither the 2 million indigenous people of disputed region have any High Court and Supreme Court nor they are allowed to appeal in any High Court or Supreme Court of Pakistan. Because of its dubious status the lawlessness has increased dramatically. Sectarian violence and massacres because of religious differences have occurred in 2012.[45][46][47] 23 people, including 10 females and 13 males, committed suicide in different parts of Gilgit-Baltistan during the year 2012, according to statistics shared by Mohammed Farooq, Chief Coordinator of International Human Rights Observer(IHRO), GB Chapter.[48] In many cases murders are disguised as suicide and the criminals walk free due to lack of evidence, or by threatening and bribing the police officials.[30] The coverage of such abuses are muzzled because of restricted access to Gilgit-Baltistan.[49]

Refs

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  1. ^ Paradise lost. BBC news.
  2. ^ Kushner, Harvey W. (2003). Encyclopedia of terrorism. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. pp. 171–172. ISBN 0761924086.
  3. ^ a b Hartjen, Clayton (2011). The Global Victimization of Children: Problems and Solutions (2012 ed.). Springer. p. 106. ISBN 978-1461421788. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Hindwan, Sudhir (1998). Verma, Bharat (ed.). "Policing the police". Indian Defence Review. 13 (2). Lancer: 95. ISSN 0970-2512.
  5. ^ Soman, Zakia (2010). Peace and Justice. Pearson Education. p. 9. ISBN 9788131729441. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b Catherwood, Christopher. Encyclopedia of War Crimes and Genocide (1st ed.). Infobase. p. 260. ISBN 978-8130903637. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Pallone introduces resolution condemning human rights violations against kashmiri pandits". U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
  8. ^ "Front Page : "219 Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants since 1989"". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2010-03-24. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
  9. ^ "219 Pandits Killed in J&K Since 1989". news.outlookindia.com. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
  10. ^ "CIA - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
  11. ^ Ka Leo The Voice - Kashmir: The Predicament[dead link]
  12. ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2008-07-02). "Refworld | Freedom in the World 2008 – Kashmir [Pakistan]". UNHCR. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  13. ^ Egyesült, Államok (2008). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2007. House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations. p. 2195. ISBN 9780160813993.
  14. ^ Chatterji, Angana P. (2012). Ania Loomba, Ritty A. Lukose (ed.). South Asian Feminisms. Duke University Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-0822351795.
  15. ^ Record of proceedings. International Labour Organization. 1992. p. 88. ISBN 92-2-107530-3.
  16. ^ Forsythe, David P. (2009). Encyclopedia of human rights, Volume 1. Oxford University Press. p. 306. ISBN 978-0195334029.
  17. ^ a b Asian Legal Resource Centre (27 August 2010). "Pakistan: Thousands Of Persons Remain Missing". Scoop.
  18. ^ "The quest for missing persons continue". Dawn. February 14, 2012. reported cases of missing persons during 2011 included 43 from Punjab, 25 from Khyber Pakhtunkhawa, eight from Sindh, two from Azad Kashmir and 17 from Balochistan.
  19. ^ Watch, Human Rights (2006). "With Friends Like These..." Human Rights Violations in Azad Kashmir. Human Rights Watch. p. 54.
  20. ^ a b Piano, Aili (2009). Freedom in the World 2009: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 860. ISBN 978-1-4422-0122-4.
  21. ^ Human Rights Watch World Report 2007. Seven Stories Press. 2007. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-58322-740-4.
  22. ^ Adams, Brad. "Pakistan: 'Free Kashmir' Far From Free". Human Rights Watch.
  23. ^ By ANI (2012-11-09). "People of Gilgit Baltistan highlight gross human rights violation committed by Pakistan(Update/Gilgit-Baltistan) - Yahoo! News India". In.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2013-02-07. {{cite web}}: Text "ANI – Fri 9 Nov, 2012" ignored (help)
  24. ^ "EU Parliament criticises Pakistan on security, human rights in Gilgit-Baltistan - India - DNA". Dnaindia.com. 2012-11-19. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  25. ^ "Gilgit Baltistan: 2012 An Abysmal Year For Human Rights". UNPO. 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  26. ^ a b European MPs concerned at rights violations in Pakistani Kashmir, Thaindian News, 2008-04-13
  27. ^ European Parliament concerned on Gilgit-Baltistan, Indian Express, 2009-12-20
  28. ^ "Gilgit Baltistan: MWM Leader Detained Without Charges". UNPO. 2012-12-06. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  29. ^ a b "PAKISTAN: The killing of Shias -it is hard to refute the accusation that the military was involved | Articles". Balawaristan.net. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  30. ^ a b "2012 was a horrible year for Human Rights in Gilgit-Baltistan: IHRO | PAMIR TIMES | Voices of the Mountain Communities". Pamir Times. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  31. ^ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2012%5C04%5C14%5Cstory_14-4-2012_pg7_11
  32. ^ a b c Nadeem (2009-09-21). "Gilgit-Baltistan: A question of autonomy". Indian Express. Retrieved 2013-02-07. {{cite web}}: Text "21-Sep-2009" ignored (help)
  33. ^ a b c d Shigri, Manzar. "Pakistan's disputed Northern Areas go to polls". Reuters.com. Retrieved 2013-02-07. Cite error: The named reference "gilgit_polls" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  34. ^ a b "DAWN: Gilgit-Baltistan autonomy". Archives.dawn.com. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  35. ^ Political unrest in Gilgit-Baltistan, Dawn, 2009-07-26
  36. ^ Gilgit-Baltistan package termed an eyewash, Dawn, 2009-08-30
  37. ^ Discontents in Gilgit-Baltistan, Daily Times (Pakistan), 2010-04-21
  38. ^ Killing of youth in GB by-polls condemned, Dawn, 2009-12-27
  39. ^ "Tension prevails in GB after Kohistan killings". Thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2012-10-04.
  40. ^ Pak settling ultras in PoK: BNF, The Tribune, 2000-11-15
  41. ^ "'Treated By Pakistan As Virtual Slaves' | Yoginder Sikand". Outlookindia.com. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  42. ^ Al-Qaida activists in PoK, The Tribune, 2002-10-10
  43. ^ Sectarian Violence Rooted in Pakistan, The Jamestown Foundation, 2005-05-25
  44. ^ UN asked to intervene on constitutional status for NAs, Daily Times (Pakistan), 2003-11-02
  45. ^ "Gilgit Baltistan: 2012 An Abysmal Year For Human Rights". UNPO. 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  46. ^ "BBC News - Pakistan sectarian bus attack in Kohistan kills 18". Bbc.co.uk. 2012-02-28. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  47. ^ "Pakistan is in denial over spreading sectarian violence | Mustafa Qadri | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk". Guardian. 2012-04-19. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  48. ^ "Gilgit Baltistan: 2012 An Abysmal Year For Human Rights". UNPO. 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
  49. ^ "EU Parliament criticises Pakistan on security, human rights in Gilgit-Baltistan - India - DNA". Dnaindia.com. 2012-11-19. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
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