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Assignment 1: Critique a Wikipedia Article – Chlorosome

Though this article has proper structure arranged by themes, the entire article lacks enough references.

This article has provided reliable sources, such as an article published in Science Journal, PNAS Journal, one with 22 citations, and another with 49 citations (although this citation’s hyperlink did not lead to the right place). [1] Though these citations are considered as reliable and two are from highly acclaimed journals, the entire article lacks enough references. For example, the short paragraph under the “Structure” heading is very dense in information – but does not have any citation. In addition to this, under the “An alternative energy source” heading, there is a sentence where the author claims that results from a study may one day lead to solar energy being converted to electricity or biofuel.[2] This sentence contains no citation and therefore the validity is questionable and one may believe that the author is claiming this from their own point of view.

The “Organization of the light harvesting pigments” heading contains too much information from a single study. This section is overrepresented. In 2008, someone from the Wikipedia community contributed to the structure of the chlorosome, including an image and three references, however the author did not reply. This may have been an informational addition to the article if it had been considered.

Although the author has done a good job of paraphrasing their sources, citing every paragraph and providing more relevant information under the appropriate heading would possibly improve the article’s “Start” class article evaluation.

Mahta Amanian (talk) 06:27, 17 September 2017 (UTC)[reply]


Reflection: Critiquing this article has allowed me to understand the importance of citing information from reliable sources. As someone who uses Wikipedia often for school and general knowledge, I want the information to be reliable and up to date, and I have now learned how to determine if those conditions have been followed. This assignment was of medium difficulty and the hardest part was checking all of the references to ensure that the author paraphrased well and did not plagiarize. Mahta Amanian (talk) 06:41, 17 September 2017 (UTC)[reply]

  1. ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorosome
  2. ^ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorosome


Assignment 2 - Critique of Biomineralization Wikipedia Article

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The Biomineralization article contains a significant number of reliable sources that establish its notability. There are multiple resources from Science[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], Nature[10][11][12], and PNAS[13][14] that directly apply to the article material. In addition to these references from highly acclaimed journals, the article contains five references from books[15][16][17][18][19]. Overall, these independent sources are from reliable publishers that are well-known for fact-checking. Adding to the article’s notability, the article is organized in the sense that it is structured with headings and subheadings arranged by themes. The images are appropriate and apply to the article. The hyperlinks and wikilinks all lead to the right website and page. Overall, the article is highly organized and easy to read.

Biomineralization is a topic that has been advancing in research for many years, dating as far back as 1963.[20] With new studies being conducted, we are learning more about how biomineralization occurs among different microorganisms. Under the Biology heading, there are two sentences that mention how biominerals are deposited by an organism. There is a subheading within the Biology heading that talks about shell formation in molluscs through biomineralization. Although the molluscs are important to mention, I felt that the article should also expand by including other microorganisms that have a role in biomineralization, mainly, fungi, which is why I chose the Biomineralization Wikipedia article to critique.

After doing some research, I have found some studies that have shown fungi’s role in biomineralization. I plan on incorporating the information below as a subheading within the Biology heading. I found that fungi can convert sediment to sedimentary rock which can ultimately lead to biodegradation.[21] Additionally, it has been found that fungi can precipitate uranium-containing phosphate biominerals. Uranium is toxic towards living organisms, and therefore this has an important impact in our world.[22] Fungi, as well as other microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, deteriorate metals ultimately leading to corrosion, which is a costly problem for many industries.[23]

With the additional information I am proposing summarized above, I hope to provide the reader with an understanding of the broad group of organisms that can carry out biomineralization.

Mahta Amanian (talk) 00:48, 28 September 2017 (UTC)[reply]

References

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Mahta Amanian´s peer review

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To begin with the peer review I want to highlight the main features of the edition that I found correctly done and which I think that make this article more complete. Firstly, since the subsection added introduces another type of organisms that are able to do biomineralization it is logical that another subsection has been created to properly extend the content of the article. Another fact of the edition to point out is that the subsection has a clear structure organised in three paragraphs representing each of them, in a balanced manner, a certain topic that is related to each source mentioned. Moreover, the subsection includes an introduction to the topic that helps the reader to be located in the content and the facts are described concisely explaining what it is more remarkable of the sources. Related to this, all the articles cited come from reliable scientific journals and both close-paraphrasing and bias don´t seem to be present.

On the other hand, I would suggest some changes in the article to improve its content. I found the introduction of the subsection quite long compared with the facts that are shown below. I would have focused more on the biomineralization process in these organisms and the differences with the one done by mollucs rather than giving a definition of bioremediation, for example. Additionally, the second paragraph may possibly be placed in the “Potential applications” section as, in this one, Uranium precipitation is broadly explained helping to understand this process. Also, as the main topic is biomineralization and not biodegradation, the third paragraph that talks about mineral degradation could be shorten and given less importance comparing to the other two paragraphs. Ana Gallego Cortés (talk) 02:50, 6 November 2017 (UTC)[reply]

  1. ^ Fortin, Danielle (2004-03-12). "What Biogenic Minerals Tell Us". Science. 303 (5664): 1618–1619. doi:10.1126/science.1095177. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15016984.
  2. ^ Wood, Rachel A.; Grotzinger, John P.; Dickson, J. a. D. (2002-06-28). "Proterozoic Modular Biomineralized Metazoan from the Nama Group, Namibia". Science. 296 (5577): 2383–2386. doi:10.1126/science.1071599. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12089440.
  3. ^ Porter, Susannah M. (2007-06-01). "Seawater Chemistry and Early Carbonate Biomineralization". Science. 316 (5829): 1302–1302. doi:10.1126/science.1137284. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17540895.
  4. ^ Jackson, Daniel J.; Macis, Luciana; Reitner, Joachim; Degnan, Bernard M.; Wörheide, Gert (2007-06-29). "Sponge Paleogenomics Reveals an Ancient Role for Carbonic Anhydrase in Skeletogenesis". Science. 316 (5833): 1893–1895. doi:10.1126/science.1141560. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17540861.
  5. ^ Grotzinger, John P. (2014-01-24). "Habitability, Taphonomy, and the Search for Organic Carbon on Mars". Science. 343 (6169): 386–387. doi:10.1126/science.1249944. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 24458635.
  6. ^ "Science: 343 (6169)". Science. 343 (6169). 2014-01-24. ISSN 0036-8075.
  7. ^ Lowenstam, H. A. (1981-03-13). "Minerals formed by organisms". Science. 211 (4487): 1126–1131. doi:10.1126/science.7008198. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 7008198.
  8. ^ Grotzinger, J. P.; Sumner, D. Y.; Kah, L. C.; Stack, K.; Gupta, S.; Edgar, L.; Rubin, D.; Lewis, K.; Schieber, J. (2014-01-24). "A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars". Science. 343 (6169): 1242777. doi:10.1126/science.1242777. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 24324272.
  9. ^ Lowenstam, H. A. (1981-03-13). "Minerals formed by organisms". Science. 211 (4487): 1126–1131. doi:10.1126/science.7008198. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 7008198.
  10. ^ Schulz, K. G.; Zondervan, I.; Gerringa, L. J. A.; Timmermans, K. R.; Veldhuis, M. J. W.; Riebesell, U. (2004-08-05). "Effect of trace metal availability on coccolithophorid calcification". Nature. 430 (7000): 673–676. doi:10.1038/nature02631. ISSN 0028-0836.
  11. ^ Roy, Della M.; Linnehan, Sari Kurtossy (1974-01-25). "Hydroxyapatite formed from Coral Skeletal Carbonate by Hydrothermal Exchange". Nature. 247 (5438): 220–222. doi:10.1038/247220a0.
  12. ^ Westbroek, Peter; Marin, Frédéric (1998-04-30). "A marriage of bone and nacre". Nature. 392 (6679): 861–862. doi:10.1038/31798. ISSN 0028-0836.
  13. ^ Sarikaya, Mehmet (1999-12-07). "Biomimetics: Materials fabrication through biology". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 96 (25): 14183–14185. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.25.14183. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 10588672.
  14. ^ Marin, F.; Smith, M.; Isa, Y.; Muyzer, G.; Westbroek, P. (1996-02-20). "Skeletal matrices, muci, and the origin of invertebrate calcification". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 93 (4): 1554–1559. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 11607630.
  15. ^ Nanophase and nanocomposite materials : symposium held December 1-3, 1992, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Komarneni, Sridhar., Parker, John C., 1918-, Thomas, George J., United States. Office of Naval Research. Pittsburg, Pa.: Materials Research Society. 1993. ISBN 1558991816. OCLC 27428382.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  16. ^ Biomineralization : from nature to application. Sigel, Astrid., Sigel, Helmut., Sigel, Roland K. O. Chichester, West Sussex, England. 2008. ISBN 9780470035252. OCLC 179843475.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  17. ^ 1912-1993., Lowenstam, Heinz A. (Heinz Adolf), (1989). On biomineralization. Weiner, Stephen. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195049772. OCLC 228118653. {{cite book}}: |last= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Science),, Harris, Edward D. (Professor Emeritus of Nutrition and Food. Minerals in food : nutrition, metabolism, bioactivity. Lancaster, Pennsylvania. ISBN 9781932078978. OCLC 856201629.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. ^ Jean-Pierre., Cuif, (2011). Biominerals and fossils through time. Dauphin, Yannicke., Sorauf, James E. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521874731. OCLC 664839176.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  20. ^ GABBIANI, G.; TUCHWEBER, B. (2016-06-26). "THE ROLE OF IRON IN THE MECHANISM OF EXPERIMENTAL CALCIFICATION". Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry. 11 (6): 799–803. doi:10.1177/11.6.799.
  21. ^ Kolo, Kamal; Keppens, Eddy; Préat, Alain; Claeys, Philippe (2007-03-01). "Experimental observations on fungal diagenesis of carbonate substrates". Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences. 112 (G1): G01007. doi:10.1029/2006JG000203. ISSN 2156-2202.
  22. ^ Liang, Xinjin; Hillier, Stephen; Pendlowski, Helen; Gray, Nia; Ceci, Andrea; Gadd, Geoffrey Michael (2015-06-01). "Uranium phosphate biomineralization by fungi". Environmental Microbiology. 17 (6): 2064–2075. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12771. ISSN 1462-2920.
  23. ^ Hou, Baorong; Li, Xiaogang; Ma, Xiumin; Du, Cuiwei; Zhang, Dawei; Zheng, Meng; Xu, Weichen; Lu, Dongzhu; Ma, Fubin (2017-07-25). "The cost of corrosion in China". npj Materials Degradation. 1 (1). doi:10.1038/s41529-017-0005-2. ISSN 2397-2106.
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