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Carol Moseley Braun
Embajador de los Estados Unidos en Samoa
In office
Febrero 8, 2000 – Marzo 1, 2001
PresidentBill Clinton
George W. Bush
Preceded byJoe Beeman
Succeeded byPhilip Wall (Acting)
Embajador de los Estados Unidos en Nueva Zealanda
In office
Diciembre 15, 1999 – Marzo 1, 2001
PresidentBill Clinton
George W. Bush
Preceded byJoe Beeman
Succeeded byPhilip Wall (Acting)
United States Senator
from Illinois
In office
Enero 3, 1993 – Enero 3, 1999
Preceded byAlan Dixon
Succeeded byPeter Fitzgerald
Recorder of Deeds of Cook County
In office
Diciembre 1, 1988 – Diciembre 1, 1992
Preceded byBus Yourell
Succeeded byJesse White
Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
from the 25th district
In office
Enero 12, 1983 – Diciembre 1, 1988
Preceded byDistrito electoral establecido
Succeeded byDonne Trotter
Member of the Illinois House of Representatives
from the 24th district
In office
Enero 5, 1979 – Enero 12, 1983
Preceded byRobert Mann
Succeeded byDistrito electoral abolido.
Personal details
Born
Carol Elizabeth Moseley

(1947-08-16) August 16, 1947 (age 77)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Political partyDemocratico
SpouseMichael Braun (1973–1986)
Children1
EducationUniversidad de Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Universidad de Illinois, Chicago (BA)
Universidad de Chicago (JD)

Carol Elizabeth Moseley Braun, también a veces Moseley-Braun[1] (born August 16, 1947), Política y abogada Estadounidense que representó Illinois en el Senado de los Estados Unidos de 1993 a 1999. Ella fué la primera mujer Senadora afroamericana, la primera Senadora afroamerícana de los Estados Unidos por el Partido Democrático, la primera mujer en derrotar en una elección a un titular del Senado de los Estados Unidos, y la primera female Senator de Illinois. Fué la única mujer Senadora de los EEUU de Illinois antes de Tammy Duckworth quien se convirtió en el Senador Estadounounidense por Illinois en Enero de 2017. De 1999 a 2001, fué la Embajadora de los Estados Unidos en Nueva Zelanda. fué candidata a la nominación democrata durante 2004 Elección Presidencial en los EEUU. Tras el anuncio público de Richard M. Daley que él no buscaría la re-elección, en Noviembre 2010, Braun comenzó su campaña para la Alcaldía de Chicago.[2] The former Senator quedó cuarto entre seis candidatos, perdiendo la elección en Febrero 22, 2011, Rahm Emanuel.

Early life

[edit]

Carol Elizabeth Moseley was born in Chicago, Illinois. She attended public and parochial schools. She attended Ruggles School for elementary school, and she attended Parker High School (now the site of Paul Robeson High School) in Chicago.[3][4] Her father, Joseph J. Moseley, was a Chicago police officer and apple guard and her mother, Edna A. (Davie), was a medical technician in a hospital. Both her parents were Catholic.[5][6] The family lived in a segregated middle-class neighborhood in the South Side of Chicago. Her parents divorced when she was in her teens, and she lived with her grandmother.[7] She began her undergraduate studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, but dropped out after four months.[4] She then majored in political science at the University of Illinois at Chicago,[8] graduating in 1969 and earned a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Chicago Law School in 1972.

Professional career

[edit]

As an attorney, Moseley Braun was a prosecutor in the United States Attorney's office in Chicago from 1973 to 1977. An Assistant United States Attorney, she worked primarily in the civil and appellate law areas. Her work in housing, health policy, and environmental law won her the Attorney General's Special Achievement Award.[9]

Early political career

[edit]

Moseley Braun was first elected to public office in 1978, as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives. There, she rose to the post of assistant majority leader. As a State Representative, she became recognized as a champion for liberal social causes.[10] As early as 1984, she proposed a moratorium on the application in Illinois of the death penalty. And in what became a landmark reapportionment case, Crosby v. State Board of Elections, she successfully sued her own party and the state of Illinois on behalf of African-American and Hispanic citizens. When she left the state legislature in 1987, her colleagues recognized her in a resolution as "the conscience of the House."[11] That same year, she was elected as Cook County, Illinois, Recorder of Deeds, a post she held for four years.

U.S. Senate

[edit]

Elections

[edit]
U.S. Senator Moseley Braun

In 1991, angered by incumbent Democratic senator Alan Dixon's vote to confirm Clarence Thomas, Moseley Braun challenged him in the primary election. Candidate Albert Hofeld's campaign ran many anti-Dixon ads, and Moseley Braun won the Democratic primary. On November 3, 1992, she became the first African-American woman to be elected to the United States Senate, defeating Republican Richard S. Williamson. Her election marked the first time Illinois had elected a woman and the first time a black person was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate. She (along with Republican Edward Brooke) was one of two African Americans to serve in the Senate in the 20th century and was the sole African American in the Senate for her entire term. She was the first woman to serve on the Senate Finance Committee.[12]

Carol Moseley Braun was a one-term Senator, losing to Republican Peter Fitzgerald in her re-election bid in 1998.

Female Senators of the Democratic Party, 1993. Top Row (L-R): Sen. Patty Murray (D-WA), Sen. Barbara Mikulski (D-MD), Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-CA) Bottom Row: Sen. Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL), Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA)

Positions

[edit]

Despite her reputation as a liberal, Moseley Braun possessed something of a centrist record on economic issues. She voted for the 1993 budget package and against the welfare reform laws passed in 1996, but on many other matters she was more conservative. Moseley Braun voted in favor of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and lawsuit reform measures like the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (she was also among the minority of Democrats to support the even more controversial Common Sense Product Liability and Legal Reform Act of 1995). She also voted contrary to the interests of the more populist wing of the party by voting for the Freedom to Farm Act and the Telecommunications Act of 1996. Like her Illinois colleague, fellow Democrat Paul Simon, she voted in favor of a Balanced Budget Amendment to the United States Constitution and also to place a nuclear spent fuel storage facility in Nevada, a move strongly opposed by many Democrats, especially former Majority Leader Harry Reid.

On social issues however, she was significantly more liberal than many of her fellow senators. She was strongly pro-choice, voting against the ban on partial-birth abortions and the restrictions on funding in military bases for abortions. She also voted against the death penalty and in favor of gun control measures. Moseley Braun was one of only sixteen senators to vote against the Communications Decency Act and one of only fourteen to vote against the Defense of Marriage Act. She delivered a eulogy to Thurgood Marshall on January 26, 1993.

In 1993, the Illinois Senator made headlines when she convinced the Senate Judiciary Committee not to renew a design patent for the United Daughters of the Confederacy because it contained the Confederate flag. The patent had been routinely renewed for nearly a century, and despite the Judiciary Committee’s disapproval, the Senate was poised to pass a resolution sponsored by Senator Jesse Helms of North Carolina that included a provision to authorize the extension of the federal patent. Moseley Braun threatened to filibuster the legislation “until this room freezes over.” She also made a plea to her colleagues about the symbolism of the Confederate flag, declaring, “It has no place in our modern times, place in this body, place in our society.”[13] Swayed by Moseley Braun’s argument, the Senate rejected the UDC’s application to renew its patent.[14][15]

Controversy

[edit]

Moseley Braun was the subject of a 1993 Federal Election Commission investigation over $249,000 in unaccounted-for campaign funds. The agency found some small violations, but took no action against Moseley Braun, citing a lack of resources. Moseley Braun only admitted to bookkeeping errors. The Justice Department turned down two requests for investigations from the IRS.[16]

In 1996, Moseley Braun made a private trip to Nigeria, where she met with dictator Sani Abacha. Despite U.S. sanctions against that country due to Abacha's actions, the Senator neither notified nor registered her trip with the State Department. She subsequently defended Abacha's human rights records in Congress.[17] Her former fiancé Kgosie Matthews, who also served on her campaign staff (in violation of U.S. immigration regulations[18]), had been a lobbyist for the Nigerian government; Matthews would later leave the country. She had paid Matthews, a native of South Africa, a salary of $15,000 a month during the campaign.[19] Braun is on the advisory board of the Military Religious Freedom Foundation.[citation needed]

In 1998, after George Will wrote a column reviewing the allegations of corruption against her,[20] Moseley Braun responded to Will's comments, saying that "I think because he couldn't say nigger, he said corrupt,"[21] She also compared Will to a Ku Klux Klansman, saying: "I mean this very sincerely from the bottom of my heart: He can take his hood and put it back on again, as far as I'm concerned."[22] Later, Moseley Braun apologized for her remarks.[21]

Ambassadorship

[edit]

On October 8, 1999,[23] President Clinton nominated Moseley Braun to be the United States Ambassador to New Zealand. Although her nomination ran into token opposition from her old adversary, Jesse Helms, and the senator who defeated her, Peter Fitzgerald, the Senate confirmed her on November 10, 1999, in a 96–2 vote.[24][25][26] She served until the end of Clinton's presidency.

2004 presidential campaign

[edit]

She announced her intention to run for the Democratic Party presidential nomination in February 2003. On January 15, 2004, two days after a disappointing third place showing in the D.C. primary[27] and four days before the Iowa caucuses, Moseley Braun dropped out of the race and endorsed Howard Dean.

2011 Chicago mayoral candidate

[edit]

In November 2010, Moseley Braun announced she would run in the 2011 Chicago mayoral election, after mayor Richard M. Daley announced he would not be seeking re-election.[28] In early 2011 potentially strong African-American candidates congressman Danny Davis, and state senator James Meeks left the race and endorsed Moseley Braun, making her the so-called consensus black candidate.[29][30][31]

In a debate on January 30, 2011, she accused another candidate, Patricia Van-Pelt Watkins of "being strung out on crack" for 20 years.[32]

Moseley Braun came in fourth in the field of six, receiving about nine percent of the vote. In her concession speech, she remarked that her young niece could become the first female mayor of Chicago,[33] neglecting to mention Jane Byrne, Chicago's first female mayor, who served from 1979 to 1983.[34]

Life outside politics

[edit]

She currently runs a private law firm, Carol Moseley Braun LLC in Chicago. Moseley Braun has launched a line of organic food products called Ambassador Organics.[35]

Lauryn Valentine

[edit]

In September 1998 a woman, Lauryn Kaye Valentine, applied to legally change her name to Carol Moseley Braun. Citing the former senator as her hero, and promising not to "dishonor [the] name", the change was made official. That December, however, Valentine put her name forward as a candidate for Alderman of the city's 37th Ward.[36] Before the election a Circuit Court judge rescinded the name change, forcing the woman to revert to her original name.[37] Valentine was later ruled ineligible to run, as she was not a registered voter at the time because of the name changes.[38]

Personal life

[edit]

In 1973, she married Michael Braun, whom she met in law school.[5] They had one son, Matthew, in 1977. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1986.[10] She resides in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. She is an honorary member of the Delta Sigma Theta sorority.

Crime victim

[edit]

In April 2007, Braun suffered a broken wrist when a mugger emerged from bushes near her front door to steal her purse, cutting the strap with a knife. Braun resisted and fell during the struggle, fracturing her left wrist. The mugger was chased off by a University of Chicago student while his girlfriend called 9-1-1. Braun was later treated and released from a hospital.[39] A suspect, Joseph Dixon, was later charged with the crime and was sentenced to 20 years in prison on July 11, 2008.[40]

Home foreclosure

[edit]

Braun's financial problems made headlines in October 2012 when it was revealed that her home was in foreclosure as she had not made any mortgage payments for over a year. Before she was evicted, she managed to sell her house although the sale was "underwater" as she sold it for approximately $200,000 less than the amount she still owed on her loan.[41]

  1. ^ Marja Mills, "The Humble Hyphen", Chicago Times, March 14, 2003, explica que Moseley Braun adoptó este nombre al unirse al Senado y lo dejó 10 años después.
  2. ^ Mitchell, Mary (September 14, 2010). "Trailblazing Moseley Braun set to run again". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  3. ^ Cook County Clerk website, "Carol Moseley Braun". Retrieved January 12, 2011
  4. ^ a b Carol Moseley Braun, Illinois state representative. (November 16, 1980). Chicago Tribune (1963–Current file), p. f48. Retrieved January 13, 2011, from ProQuest Historical Newspapers Chicago Tribune (1849–1987) (Document ID: 619772962).
  5. ^ a b Levinsohn, Florence Hamlish, "Carol Moseley Braun: She has the credentials. Can she get the votes?", Chicago Reader, March 5, 1992. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
  6. ^ https://www.geni.com/people/Carol-Moseley-Braun-U-S-Senator/6000000036065770767
  7. ^ "Carol Mosely Braun." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 11. 2nd edn. Detroit: Gale, 2004, pp. 199-200. 23 vols.
  8. ^ Ginny Tunnicliff, New Funds in the College. UIC College of Liberal Arts & Sciences website says she is an alumna. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  9. ^ Simmonds, Yusef, "The Senators: Carol Moseley Braun". Los Angeles Sentinel, November 20, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2011
  10. ^ a b Nordgren, Sarah, "Carol Moseley Braun: the unique candidate". Associated Press, printed in the Gainesville Sun, August 9, 1992, p. 15D. Retrieved January 1, 2011.
  11. ^ "Carol Moseley-braun". National Women's History Museum. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
  12. ^ "Carol Moseley-Braun". National Women's History Museum. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
  13. ^ John Clay Smith Jr., ed. (2000). "The Confederate Flag as Racist Symbolism". Rebels in Law: Voices in History of Black Women Lawyers. University of Michigan Press. pp. 150–156. ISBN 0-472-08646-4. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  14. ^ "Black Americans in Congress – Carol Moseley Braun, Senator from Illinois". Baic.house.gov. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  15. ^ Clymer, Adam (July 23, 1993). "Daughter of Slavery Hushes Senate". New York Times. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
  16. ^ Slate, Is Carol Moseley-Braun [sic] a Crook?", February 19, 2003.
  17. ^ NPR, "2004 Democratic Presidential Candidates: Carol Moseley Braun", May 6, 2003
  18. ^ Siskind Susser Bland. "US SENATOR’S CAMPAIGN MANAGER FOUND TO BE WORKING ILLEGALLY Archived December 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine." May 1998. Accessed February 16, 2010.
  19. ^ Johnson, Dirk, "Illinois's new Senator under fire on issue of boyfriend's conduct", Chicago Tribune, December 31, 1992. Retrieved January 1, 2011.
  20. ^ Will, George F. "Story of Chicagoan Carol Moseley-Braun Archived December 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine." September 6, 1998.
  21. ^ a b Associated Press, "Moseley-Braun Lashes Out At Columnist, Apologizes" (defunct link. Archived copy as of June 13, 2007.), CNN, September 9, 1998.
  22. ^ "Moseley-Braun loses to Republican Fitzgerald", CNN, November 3, 1998.
  23. ^ "President Clinton Names Carol Moseley-Braun For U.S. Ambassador To New Zealand", Office of the Press Secretary (Ottawa, Canada), The White House, October 8, 1999.
  24. ^ "Senate Confirms Moseley-braun". Chicago Tribune. November 10, 1999.
  25. ^ "Congressional Record - 106th Congress (1999–2000) - THOMAS (Library of Congress)". loc.gov. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
  26. ^ "U.S. Senate: Roll Call Vote". senate.gov. January 27, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
  27. ^ "D.C. Primary results 2004". U.S. Election Atlas. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  28. ^ Mitchell, Mary (September 14, 2010). "Trailblazing Moseley Braun set to run again". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved September 18, 2010. So it really shouldn't be a surprise the wide open field that appeared when Mayor Daley announced he would not seek another term brought about a relapse. 'A group of people came together to encourage me to run,' Moseley Braun told me. 'They literally took a vote telling me to get in the race.'
  29. ^ "Braun gets official stamp of consensus candidate". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
  30. ^ "Carol Moseley Braun Emerges As Main Black Candidate in Chicago Mayor's Race". Huffington Post. January 1, 2011.
  31. ^ "Braun left as main black candidate in Chicago race". theGrio. January 1, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  32. ^ "Carol Moseley Braun Calls Patricia Van Pelt-Watkins Crack Addict at Candidate Forum". Fox News. Archived from the original on February 3, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
  33. ^ "Topic Galleries – WGN". Wgntv.com. Retrieved June 12, 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  34. ^ "A Chronology of Chicago's Mayors". Chicago Public Library. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
  35. ^ AP (2006). Carol Moseley Braun Launches Organic Food Line. Retrieved May 21, 2006 Archived May 25, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ Ayres, B. Brandon (January 12, 1999). "Political Briefing; What's in a Name? Ask Moseley-Braun". The New York Times. Retrieved June 7, 2013. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  37. ^ "Woman can't go by Mosley-Braun name". Chicago Tribune. April 22, 1999. Retrieved June 7, 2013.
  38. ^ "New Name Hinders Ward Candidate". Chicago Tribune. January 16, 1999.
  39. ^ Ihejirika, Maudlyne. "Moseley Braun's rescuers", Chicago Sun-Times, April 29, 2007.[dead link‍]
  40. ^ "Carol Moseley Braun's attacker gets 20 years", Chicago Tribune, July 11, 2008. Archived July 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  41. ^ Goldsborough, Bob. "Former Sen. Moseley Braun sells Hyde Park home for $1.205 million". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
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