User talk:Huwmanbeing/Sandbox1

Citations

That Taekwondo is of recent origin, solely or overwhelmingly derived from karate:

Madis^[1]
Capener^[2]

That Taekwondo is of antique origin, either Korean or Korean influenced by others:

Min^[3]
Henning^[4]
Chan, as cited in Henning^[5]

...plus some other sources noting its antiquity:

Bloom^[6]
Wood^[7]
Park^[8]
Lawler^[9]

References

^ Madis, Eric (2003). "The Evolution of Taekwondo from Japanese Karate". In Green, Thomas A. and Joseph R. Svinth (ed.). Martial Arts in the Modern World. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0275981533. Its sanctioned history claims that taekwondo is 2,000 years old, that it is descended from ancient hwarang warriors, and that it has been significantly influenced by a traditional Korean kicking game called taekyon. However, the documented history of taekwondo is quite different... The following essay links the origins of taekwondo to twentieth-century Shotokan, Shudokan, and Shito-ryu karate and shows how the revised history was developed to support South Korean nationalism.
^ Capener, Steven D. (1995). "Problems in the Identity and Philosophy of T'aegwondo and Their Historical Causes". Korea Journal. Korean National Commission for UNESCO. ISSN 0023-3900. ...t'aegwondo was first brought into Korea from Japan in the form of Japanese karate around the time of the liberation of Korea from Japanese colonial rule... {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Min, Kyung Ho (Ken) (2000). "Taekwondo Past, Present and Future: An American Perspective". Koreana. 14 (4). Korea Foundation: pp. 16-19. ISSN 1016-0744. ...a sport which was started over 1,000 years ago in Korea (p. 16) / The ethical spirit of taekwondo may be traced directly to the five-point code of conduct of the Hwarang, an elite corps of warriors during Korea's Silla Kingdom (57 B.C. - A.D. 935)... (p. 19) {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Henning, Stanley E. (1981). "The Chinese Martial Arts in Historical Perspective". Military Affairs. 45 (4). Society for Military History: pp. 173-179. ISSN 0899-3718. The Han History bibliographies (Hanshu Yiwenzhi completed around 90 A.D.) provide the first broad definition of the martial arts... The entry on boxing, or shoubo as it was called, appears to be the earliest clearly identifiable reference to Chinese boxing. ... The Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) was a period during which conscript armies, trained in the martial arts, expanded the Chinese empire to Turkestan in the west and Korea in the northeast, where commanderies were established. It is possible that Chinese shoubo was transmitted to Korea at this time, and that is was the antecedent to Korean Taekwondo. According to one recent Korean source, "Taekwondo is known to have had its beginning in the period 209-427 A.D. ..." {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Lee, Chan; et al. (1972). Korea: Past and Present. Hahm, Pyoung Choon (introduction). Seoul: Kwangmyong Publishing Company. pp. p. 383. Taekwondo is known to have had its beginning in the period 209-427 A.D. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |first= (help)
^ Bloom, Marc (1991). "Tae kwon do". American Health. 10. New York: American Health Partners: pp. 14-16. ISSN 0730-7004. Taekwondo, the 2,000-year-old Korean art of self-defense, is the most popular martial art in the United States. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
^ Wood, Chris (1992-08-17). "The Way of the Foot and Fist". Maclean's. 105 (33). Rogers Publishing. ISSN 0024-9262. Few sports have worked as energetically to attract new adherents as this 2,000-year-old Korean martial art.
^ Park, Yeon Hee (1989). "Introduction: The History of an Art". Tae Kwon Do: The Ultimate Guide to the World's Most Popular Martial Art. Facts On File. ISBN 0-8160-2542-8. Modern-day Tae Kwon Do ... is a unique martial art incorporating both the quick, straight-line movements that characterize the various Japanese systems and the flowing circular movements of most Chinese styles. / Although Tae Kwon Do first appeared in the Koguryo kingdom, it is Silla's warrior nobility, the Hwarang, who are credited with the growth and spread of the art throughout Korea. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Lawler, Jennifer (1999). "The History of Tae Kwon Do". The Secrets of Tae Kwon Do. Chicago: Masters Press. ISBN 1-57028-202-1. Tae Kwon Do itself developed in Korea from Chinese origins.

[madis-1] Madis, Eric (2003). "The Evolution of Taekwondo from Japanese Karate". In Green, Thomas A. and Joseph R. Svinth (ed.). Martial Arts in the Modern World. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0275981533. Its sanctioned history claims that taekwondo is 2,000 years old, that it is descended from ancient hwarang warriors, and that it has been significantly influenced by a traditional Korean kicking game called taekyon. However, the documented history of taekwondo is quite different... The following essay links the origins of taekwondo to twentieth-century Shotokan, Shudokan, and Shito-ryu karate and shows how the revised history was developed to support South Korean nationalism.

[capener-2] Capener, Steven D. (1995). "Problems in the Identity and Philosophy of T'aegwondo and Their Historical Causes". Korea Journal. Korean National Commission for UNESCO. ISSN 0023-3900. ...t'aegwondo was first brought into Korea from Japan in the form of Japanese karate around the time of the liberation of Korea from Japanese colonial rule... {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[min-3] Min, Kyung Ho (Ken) (2000). "Taekwondo Past, Present and Future: An American Perspective". Koreana. 14 (4). Korea Foundation: pp. 16-19. ISSN 1016-0744. ...a sport which was started over 1,000 years ago in Korea (p. 16) / The ethical spirit of taekwondo may be traced directly to the five-point code of conduct of the Hwarang, an elite corps of warriors during Korea's Silla Kingdom (57 B.C. - A.D. 935)... (p. 19) {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[henning-4] Henning, Stanley E. (1981). "The Chinese Martial Arts in Historical Perspective". Military Affairs. 45 (4). Society for Military History: pp. 173-179. ISSN 0899-3718. The Han History bibliographies (Hanshu Yiwenzhi completed around 90 A.D.) provide the first broad definition of the martial arts... The entry on boxing, or shoubo as it was called, appears to be the earliest clearly identifiable reference to Chinese boxing. ... The Han Dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) was a period during which conscript armies, trained in the martial arts, expanded the Chinese empire to Turkestan in the west and Korea in the northeast, where commanderies were established. It is possible that Chinese shoubo was transmitted to Korea at this time, and that is was the antecedent to Korean Taekwondo. According to one recent Korean source, "Taekwondo is known to have had its beginning in the period 209-427 A.D. ..." {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[chan-5] Lee, Chan; et al. (1972). Korea: Past and Present. Hahm, Pyoung Choon (introduction). Seoul: Kwangmyong Publishing Company. pp. p. 383. Taekwondo is known to have had its beginning in the period 209-427 A.D. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |first= (help)

[bloom-6] Bloom, Marc (1991). "Tae kwon do". American Health. 10. New York: American Health Partners: pp. 14-16. ISSN 0730-7004. Taekwondo, the 2,000-year-old Korean art of self-defense, is the most popular martial art in the United States. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[wood-7] Wood, Chris (1992-08-17). "The Way of the Foot and Fist". Maclean's. 105 (33). Rogers Publishing. ISSN 0024-9262. Few sports have worked as energetically to attract new adherents as this 2,000-year-old Korean martial art.

[park-8] Park, Yeon Hee (1989). "Introduction: The History of an Art". Tae Kwon Do: The Ultimate Guide to the World's Most Popular Martial Art. Facts On File. ISBN 0-8160-2542-8. Modern-day Tae Kwon Do ... is a unique martial art incorporating both the quick, straight-line movements that characterize the various Japanese systems and the flowing circular movements of most Chinese styles. / Although Tae Kwon Do first appeared in the Koguryo kingdom, it is Silla's warrior nobility, the Hwarang, who are credited with the growth and spread of the art throughout Korea. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[lawler-9] Lawler, Jennifer (1999). "The History of Tae Kwon Do". The Secrets of Tae Kwon Do. Chicago: Masters Press. ISBN 1-57028-202-1. Tae Kwon Do itself developed in Korea from Chinese origins.

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