User talk:Huatammy

Questions to answer What can you add? Compile a list of relevant, reliable books, journal articles, or other sources. Post that bibliography to the talk page of the article you'll be working on, and in your sandbox. Make sure to check in on the Talk page to see if anyone has advice on your bibliography.

Welcome!

Hello, Huatammy, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few links to pages you might find helpful:

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Please remember to sign your messages on talk pages by typing four tildes (~~~~); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Wikipedia:Questions, ask me on my talk page, or , and a volunteer should respond shortly. Again, welcome! Loopy30 (talk) 19:16, 26 February 2018 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello, Huatammy, and welcome to Wikipedia! My name is Ian and I work with the Wiki Education Foundation; I help support students who are editing as part of a class assignment.

I hope you enjoy editing here. If you haven't already done so, please check out the student training library, which introduces you to editing and Wikipedia's core principles. You may also want to check out the Teahouse, a community of Wikipedia editors dedicated to helping new users. Below are some resources to help you get started editing.

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If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Ian (Wiki Ed) (talk) 21:50, 26 February 2018 (UTC)

Jellyfish draft

Hello Tammy, thank you for preparing your first contribution to Wikipedia. You should consider where in the article that you intend on posting these paragraphs and how the text will flow with them added. I suspect that you may wish to add them to the Blooms and Population sub-paragraphs in the Ecology section. As some of this information already exists in the article, consider improving the existing paragraphs rather than duplicating the material with new additions. Alternatively, you could post each paragraph of this draft directly to the page now. Once added to the article, you will find that others will continue to modify it from there.

Some specific comments on the draft:

• The significance of jellyfish on the Earth’s two systems such as the hydrosphere and atmosphere bring upon many fascinating answers to today’s issue of climate change. What are the "questions" that these are the "answers" to?
• These unique species Jellyfish blooms can alter the ecosystem, food chain, and are indicator species of changes in ocean chemistry. Are they really unique in these characteristics?
• Jellyfish have seen a drastic rise population, even clogging pipes in Monterey Bay Aquarium in Monterey Bay, California. Need to quantify and reference population rise., current source does not support. Rmv aquarium anecdote, this does not support population rise or even strong impact such as shutting down of power stations
• These blooms often occur in warmer, more acidic, and oxygen depleted environments. The ocean's response to climate change is creating the ideal environments for jellyfish to thrive. Studies suggest that with a more positive North Atlantic Oscillation, the jellyfish population will increase over the next 100 years. Good, but merge with next para.
• Due to cultural (substitute 'man-made' or 'anthropomorphic') eutrophication and hypoxia (link these terms to explanatory articles), and overfishing, the oceans are becoming more acidic and oxygen depleted. The use of dams and other hydrological controls, can (locally) affect ocean salinity therefore benefiting the jellyfish .
• Per ppt salinity change resulted in 28% increase of benthic polyps and jellyfish production. define/expand ppt salinity change.

• Ocean acidification heavily hinders the development - whether it be metabolism, growth, reproductivity, or calcification of majority of marine organisms . move sentence down after next two
• Ocean acidification occurs from rising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. This creates unfavourable conditions for other marine animals while jellyfish blooms increase. Moreover, rising temperatures in the atmosphere are warming up the oceans. OK
• Particularly, Cassiopea sp. medusae gains body mass and reduced aerobic energy consumption at 32ºC . Studies show that the polyps also had higher survivorship in hypoxic conditions. Just Cassiopea spp. or all jellyfish?
• Finally, eutrophication provides an abundance of phytoplankton, a food source for jellyfish. OK

• Jellyfish can also affect the biosphere because the increasing population of jellyfish can be positive for opportunistic species that use jellyfish as an alternative food source. A study on St. George Island off the coast of Alaska in the eastern Bering Sea found that jellyfish blooms provided a "jellyfish buffet" for diving seabirds. Did it increase the population of seabirds? Was there a net increase/decrease in biomass of other organisms?
• Another service jellyfish provide includes transporting carbon and nutrients to deep oceans through their carcasses and their sloppy feeding habits. In other words, an abundance of jellyfish will shift the geochemical carbon cycle to be stored at the bottom of the ocean through carcasses. In terms of the hydrosphere, their movement contribute to ocean mixing by the expansion and contraction of their bell-shaped bodies. OK, just polish
• However jellyfish blooms are dangerous to humans as their sting can cause swelling, burning, and various other effects therefore negatively affecting the tourism industries. Relative impacts, costs globally?
• Jellyfish also cost fishing industries by clogging nets, and indirectly costing fisheries by killing off fish . Relative impacts, costs globally?
• Future development near coastal regions and aquaculture will provide opportunities for polyps and in turn provide food for commercially important species such as sea turtles . explain further
• To control the influx of jellyfish, a strategy would include using jellyfish for food and medicine . explain further

Hope this helps, and good luck with your school project. I hope you will continue to use your new editing skills to contribute to other Wikipedia articles that interest you. Loopy30 (talk) 11:56, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

Edited Draft

• The survival rate of marine organisms due to climate change has raised many questions on a global scale. The significance of jellyfish on Earth’s hydrosphere and atmosphere provide insightful knowledge on their adaptation in regards to ocean acidification, anoxic environments and rising water temperatures. These conditions lead to jellyfish blooms, also known as a 20 year cycle that has remained consistent since 1984 with evidence from 10 years of datasets found in 37 records.
• The drastic rise in these blooms are particularly found in warmer, acidic and oxygen depleted environments. The ocean’s response to climate change is creating the ideal environment for jellyfish to thrive. Studies suggest that with a more positive North Atlantic Oscillation, their population is expected to increase over the next 100 years.
• Eutrophication is when a water body is highly concentrated in nutrients and minerals that prohibits the development of plants, algae, as there is a decreased oxygen supply. This process is one of many anthropogenic causes that contributes to ocean acidification. Consequently, increasing the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere lead to warmer temperatures in the oceans. This creates unfavourable conditions for other marine animals as it heavily hinders their metabolism and growth. In contrast, the changes in ocean chemistry are advantageous to jellyfish blooms as incremental changes in salinity resulted in a 28% increase of benthic polyps. Particularly, Cassiopea sp. medusae gains body mass and reduced aerobic energy consumption at 32ºC [5]. Studies show that the polyps (also known as the benthic stage or immature jellyfish) also had higher survivorship in hypoxic conditions.[6]
• This large scale ecosystem change can greatly benefit the predation for jellyfish to feed on the abundance of plants and algae. The use of dams and other hydrological controls can locally affect ocean salinity that contributes to a drastic rise in population. This heavily impacts power plants and diamond mining operations by blocking water intakes (ref) as well as clogging pipes in Monterey Bay in California (ref). Jellyfish blooms have also been in abundance on coastal lagoons along Mediterranean coasts of Spain and France since the 1990s
• Jellyfish can positively affect the biosphere as their large population serves an opportunistic species for an alternative food source[7]. A study on St. George Island off the coast of Alaska in the eastern Bering Sea found that jellyfish blooms provided a "jellyfish buffet" for diving seabirds[8].This lead to a 20% increase in feeding events for the seabirds.

Another service jellyfish provide includes transporting carbon and nutrients to deep oceans through their carcasses and their sloppy feeding habits[9].

• An abundance of jellyfish will shift the geochemical carbon cycle to be stored at the bottom of the ocean through carcasses. In terms of the hydrosphere, their movement contributes to ocean mixing by the expansion and contraction of their bell-shaped bodies.
• Another method in determining the rise in jellyfish is to see their effect towards humans. Jellyfish blooms are dangerous to humans as their sting can cause swelling, burning, and various other effects therefore negatively affecting the tourism industries[10]
• Jellyfish also cost fishing industries by clogging nets due to their large size of up to 6.7 feet or 2 metres, and indirectly costing fisheries by killing off fish [3].
• Future development near coastal regions and aquaculture will provide opportunities for polyps and in turn provide food for commercially important species such as sea turtles [3]. Jellyfish is an alternative for fertilizers for agriculture and aquaculture feeds (ref)
• To control the influx of jellyfish, a strategy would include using jellyfish for food and medicine [3].
• The GoJelly project funded by the European Union have decided to control the amount of jellyfish by using their biomass to create biofilters. Studies have shown that mucus of jellyfish can bind microplastic and would be ideal to use in sewage treatment plants. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gloriako (talk • contribs) 21:08, 28 March 2018 (UTC)

Geochemical Cycle Jellyfish reside in the euphotic zone and receive carbon mainly from organic matter found in the seafloor. DOM (Dissolved organic matter) and other inorganic nutrients are excreted through mucus from jellyfish which is also called “jelly-C” or ”jelly-DOM”. These materials are consumed by secondary producers which are benthic and bacterial community as it affects their C metabolism. Although some copepods are benthic, they are also primary producers consuming carbon from the jellyfish from 27% to 242%. Carbon uptake is less prominent in bacterial populations as results show that jelly-C is rapidly used, increases their respiration but becomes an unfeasible transfer of C in the microbial loop. For benthic communities, such as the phytodetritus, carbon is sequestered. However, there are limitations as the C is not available to predators in the higher trophic-level which can be a major problem to fisheries. Therefore, jellyfish have a vital role in the biogeochemical cycle in coastal and estuaries ecosystems by transporting and modifying carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous fluxes. Climate change is an environmental forcing factor that increases surface water temperatures that causes an abundance of jellyfish blooms such as the Mnemiopsis. This in turn increases the residence time of C in the gelatinous biomass that ultimately affects the food chain of primary and secondary production.