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User talk:Eirikr/Japanese and Polynesian

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Japanese and Polynesian

[edit]

UNDER CONSTRUCTION -- Note that links for words do not yet point to Wiktionary as they should.

Started with the Swadesh lists for Malayo-Polynesian languages, modified somewhat.


- Aceh (Sumatra, Indonesia)
- Malay (Sumatra-Indonesia, Eastern Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei)
- Tagalog (Southern Luzon, Philippines)
- Cebuano (Central Visaya Islands, Philippines)
- Kapampangan (Central Luzon, Philippines)
- Pangasinan (Northern Luzon, Philippines)
- Sasak (Lombok, Indonesia)
- Chamorro (Guam and Northern Marianas Islands)
- Māori (New Zealand)
- Hawaiian (Hawaii)
- Japanese (Japan)

English Aceh Malay Tagalog Cebuano Kapampangan Pangasinan Sasak Chamorro Hawaiian Māori Japanese Notes
1 I kE' saya, aku ako ako aku ak, siák aku, tiang guahu, hu ahau ahau, au ore, boku, watashi J pronouns derived from regular nouns, so irrelevant for Swadesh lists
2 you
(singular)
kah anda, kamu, kau ikaw, ka ikaw ika siká, ka kamu, side [[]] ʻoe koe omae, kimi, anata J pronouns derived from regular nouns, so irrelevant for Swadesh lists
3 he [[]] dia siya [[]] iya [[]] ie [[]] ia ia kare, ano kata J pronouns derived from regular nouns, so irrelevant for Swadesh lists
4 we [[]] kita (incl.), kami (excl.) tayo (incl.), kami (excl.) kita (incl.) ikata (incl.), ikami (excl.), itamu (si)katá (incl.), (si)kamí (excl.) ite hita (incl.), hami (excl.) (I) + -ra, (I) + -tachi, wareware J pronouns derived from regular nouns, so irrelevant for Swadesh lists
5 you
(plural)
[[]] [[]] kayo [[]] ika, ikayu (plural) [[]] [[]] [[]] (you) + -ra, (you) + -tachi J pronouns derived from regular nouns, so irrelevant for Swadesh lists
6 they [[]] mereka sila [[]] ila [[]] [[]] [[]] (s/he) + -ra, (s/he) + -tachi, ano katagata J pronouns derived from regular nouns, so irrelevant for Swadesh lists
7 this [[]] ini, yang ini ito kini ini ya ni ini kore (noun), kono (adj)
8 that [[]] yang itu, hingga iyan, iyon kana yan, ita man, tan no enao sore (noun), sono (adj)
9 here [[]] [[]] dito [[]] keni, keti [[]] leq te [[]] koko
10 there [[]] [[]] doon [[]] keta, karin [[]] leq to [[]] soko
11 who [[]] siapa sino kinsa ninu siopá sai [[]] dare
12 what [[]] apa ano unsa nanu antó ape hafa nani, izure
13 where [[]] [[]] saan, nasaan [[]] nukarin [[]] leq mbe [[]] doko
14 when [[]] [[]] kailan [[]] kapilan [[]] piran [[]] itsu
15 how [[]] [[]] paano [[]] makananu [[]] kembe [[]] dou, ikaga
16 not [[]] bukan, tidak hindi dili ali ag, aliwá, andí ndeq ahe' nai
17 all [[]] semua lahat tanen ngan amín slapuq puru, todu zenbu
18 many [[]] banyak marami daghan dakal dakél [[]] [[]] ōiāī
19 some [[]] [[]] ilan [[]] mapilan [[]] [[]] [[]] sukoshi, chotto
20 few [[]] [[]] kaunti [[]] ditak, mapilan [[]] [[]] [[]] sukunai
21 other [[]] [[]] iba [[]] aliua [[]] [[]] [[]] hoka no
22 one [[]] satu isa usa metung, isa isá sekeq, sai [[]]
23 two [[]] dua dalawa duha adua dua, dua'ra due [[]]
24 three [[]] tiga tatlo [[]] atlu [[]] telu [[]]
25 four [[]] empat apat [[]] apat [[]] mpat [[]]
26 five [[]] lima lima [[]] lima [[]] lime [[]]
27 big [[]] besar malaki dako maragul báleg beleq [[]]
28 long [[]] panjang [[]] taas makaba andoté [[]] [[]]
29 wide [[]] lebar [[]] [[]] lapad,malapad [[]] [[]] [[]]
30 thick [[]] tebal [[]] [[]] kapal,makapal [[]] [[]] potpot
31 heavy [[]] berat mabigat [[]] bayat,mabayat [[]] [[]] [[]]
32 small [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] lati,malati [[]] [[]] [[]]
33 short [[]] kecil [[]] [[]] kuyad, makuyad [[]] [[]] [[]]
34 narrow [[]] sempit [[]] [[]] kitid, makitid [[]] [[]] [[]]
35 thin [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] impis, maiimpis [[]] [[]] kanifes
36 woman [[]] perempuan babae babae babai bií [[]] [[]]
37 man
(adult male)
[[]] lelakit lalaki lalake lalaki [[]] [[]] lahi
38 man
(human being)
[[]] [[]] tao [[]] tau [[]] [[]] [[]]
39 child
(a youth)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] anak [[]] [[]] patgon
40 wife [[]] [[]] asawa [[]] asawa [[]] [[]] asagua
41 husband [[]] [[]] asawa [[]] asawa [[]] [[]] asagua, esposu
42 mother [[]] [[]] ina, nanay [[]] Ima [[]] [[]] nana
43 father [[]] [[]] ama, tatay [[]] Tatang [[]] [[]] tata
44 animal [[]] [[]] hayop [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
45 fish [[]] [[]] isda [[]] asan [[]] [[]] [[]]
46 bird [[]] [[]] ibon [[]] ayup [[]] [[]] [[]]
47 dog [[]] [[]] aso [[]] asu [[]] [[]] [[]]
48 louse [[]] [[]] kuto [[]] kutu [[]] [[]] hutu
49 snake [[]] [[]] ahas [[]] ubingan [[]] [[]] kolepbla
50 worm [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] bulati [[]] [[]] [[]]
51 tree [[]] [[]] punungkahoy, puno [[]] tanaman [[]] [[]] [[]]
52 forest [[]] [[]] kakahuyan, gubat [[]] gubat [[]] [[]] [[]]
53 stick
(of wood)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] tingting [[]] [[]] [[]]
54 fruit [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] bunga [[]] [[]] inasahan
55 seed [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] butul [[]] [[]] [[]]
56 leaf [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] bulung [[]] [[]] [[]]
57 root [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] yamut [[]] [[]] [[]]
58 bark
(of tree)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] tangke [[]] [[]] [[]]
59 flower [[]] [[]] bulaklak [[]] sampaga [[]] [[]] flores
60 grass [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] dikut [[]] [[]] [[]]
61 rope [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] lubid [[]] [[]] tali
62 skin
(of a person)
[[]] [[]] balat [[]] balat [[]] [[]] lassas
63 meat
(as in flesh)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] laman [[]] [[]] [[]]
64 blood [[]] [[]] dugo [[]] daya [[]] [[]] [[]]
65 bone [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] butul [[]] [[]] [[]]
66 fat
(noun)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] taba [[]] [[]] [[]]
67 egg [[]] [[]] itlog [[]] ebun [[]] [[]] [[]]
68 horn [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] sagu [[]] [[]] [[]]
69 tail [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] iki [[]] [[]] [[]]
70 feather
(rather not down)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] bulbul [[]] [[]] pulu
71 hair [[]] [[]] buhok [[]] buak [[]] [[]] [[]]
72 head [[]] [[]] ulo [[]] buntuk [[]] [[]] [[]]
73 ear [[]] [[]] tenga [[]] balugbug [[]] [[]] [[]]
74 eye [[]] [[]] mata [[]] mata [[]] [[]] [[]]
75 nose [[]] [[]] ilong [[]] arung [[]] [[]] [[]]
76 mouth [[]] [[]] bunganga [[]] asbuk,balungus [[]] [[]] [[]]
77 tooth
(rather not molar)
[[]] [[]] ngipin [[]] ipan [[]] [[]] [[]]
78 tongue [[]] [[]] dila [[]] dila [[]] [[]] [[]]
79 fingernail [[]] [[]] kuko [[]] kuku [[]] [[]] [[]]
80 foot [[]] [[]] paa [[]] bitis [[]] [[]] [[]]
81 leg [[]] [[]] paa [[]] bitis [[]] [[]] [[]]
82 knee [[]] [[]] tuhod [[]] tud [[]] [[]] [[]]
83 hand [[]] [[]] kamay [[]] gamat [[]] [[]] [[]]
84 wing [[]] [[]] pakpak [[]] pakpak [[]] [[]] [[]]
85 belly [[]] [[]] tiyan [[]] atian [[]] [[]] [[]]
86 guts [[]] [[]] bituka [[]] bituka [[]] [[]] [[]]
87 neck [[]] [[]] leeg [[]] batal [[]] [[]] [[]]
88 back [[]] [[]] likud [[]] gulut [[]] [[]] [[]]
89 breast [[]] [[]] susu [[]] susu [[]] [[]] susu
90 heart [[]] [[]] puso [[]] pusu [[]] [[]] [[]]
91 liver [[]] [[]] atay [[]] ate [[]] [[]] [[]]
92 to drink [[]] [[]] uminom, inumin [[]] minum [[]] [[]] [[]]
93 to eat [[]] [[]] kumain, kainin [[]] mangan [[]] [[]] [[]]
94 to bite [[]] [[]] kagatin [[]] ket, ketan [[]] [[]] [[]]
95 to suck [[]] [[]] sipsipin [[]] sisipan [[]] [[]] [[]]
96 to spit [[]] [[]] dumura [[]] luran [[]] [[]] [[]]
97 to vomit [[]] [[]] sumuka [[]] manyuka [[]] [[]] [[]]
98 to blow
(as wind)
[[]] [[]] umihip [[]] labulan [[]] [[]] [[]]
99 to breathe [[]] [[]] huminga [[]] mangisnaua [[]] [[]] [[]]
100 to laugh [[]] [[]] tumawa [[]] maili [[]] [[]] [[]]
101 to see [[]] [[]] tingin, kita [[]] akit, lauen [[]] [[]] [[]]
102 to hear [[]] [[]] dinggin [[]] damdam, makiramdam [[]] [[]] [[]]
103 to know
(a fact)
[[]] [[]] alamin [[]] baluan [[]] [[]] [[]]
104 to think [[]] [[]] mag-isip [[]] isipan [[]] [[]] [[]]
105 to smell
(sense odour)
[[]] [[]] amoyin [[]] bauan [[]] [[]] [[]]
106 to fear [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] takut [[]] [[]] [[]]
107 to sleep [[]] [[]] matulog [[]] tudtud [[]] [[]] [[]]
108 to live [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] bie, kumabie [[]] [[]] [[]]
109 to die [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] mate, mete [[]] [[]] [[]]
110 to kill [[]] [[]] patayin [[]] paten, makamate [[]] [[]] [[]]
111 to fight [[]] [[]] lumaban [[]] laban [[]] [[]] [[]]
112 to hunt
(transitive)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
113 to hit [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] turan, paturan [[]] [[]] [[]]
114 to cut [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] putut [[]] [[]] [[]]
115 to split [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] bika,pitnan [[]] [[]] [[]]
116 to stab
(or stick)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] akdakan, tandusan [[]] [[]] [[]]
117 to scratch
(an itch)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] gamusan [[]] [[]] [[]]
118 to dig [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] kulkul,kulkulan [[]] [[]] [[]]
119 to swim [[]] [[]] lumangoy [[]] kaue [[]] [[]] [[]]
120 to fly [[]] [[]] lumipad [[]] sulapo [[]] [[]] [[]]
121 to walk [[]] [[]] lumakad [[]] lakad, lumakad [[]] [[]] [[]]
122 to come [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] ume, datang [[]] [[]] [[]]
123 to lie
(as on one's side)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] magkera [[]] [[]] [[]]
124 to sit [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] lukluk [[]] [[]] [[]]
125 to stand [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] tikdo [[]] [[]] [[]]
126 to turn
(change direction)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] mildis [[]] [[]] [[]]
127 to fall
(as in drop)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] mitomba, manabu [[]] [[]] [[]]
128 to give [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] ibie, dinan [[]] [[]] [[]]
129 to hold
(in one's hand)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] talnan [[]] [[]] [[]]
130 to squeeze [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] paslan, sakmalan [[]] [[]] [[]]
131 to rub [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] kaskasan [[]] [[]] [[]]
132 to wash [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] wasan, manos [[]] [[]] [[]]
133 to wipe [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] pulisan, kuskusan [[]] [[]] [[]]
134 to pull [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] igutan, gulyutan [[]] [[]] [[]]
135 to push [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] isubung, itulak [[]] [[]] [[]]
136 to throw [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] iugse, iyatsa, baronggan [[]] [[]] [[]]
137 to tie [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] tali, itali [[]] [[]] [[]]
138 to sew [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] tayan [[]] [[]] [[]]
139 to count [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] mamilang [[]] [[]] [[]]
140 to say [[]] [[]] sabihin [[]] sabian, iagkas, sambiltan [[]] [[]] [[]]
141 to sing [[]] [[]] umawit, awitin [[]] tumaila [[]] [[]] [[]]
142 to play [[]] [[]] laro [[]] mamyalung [[]] [[]] [[]]
143 to float [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] gato [[]] [[]] [[]]
144 to flow [[]] [[]] agos [[]] magus [[]] [[]] [[]]
145 to freeze [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
146 to swell [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] mangalbag [[]] [[]] [[]]
147 sun [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] aldo [[]] [[]] [[]]
148 moon [[]] [[]] buwan [[]] bulan [[]] [[]] pulan
149 star [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] batuin [[]] [[]] [[]]
150 water [[]] [[]] tubig [[]] danum [[]] [[]] hanom, agua
151 to rain [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] muran [[]] [[]] [[]]
152 river [[]] [[]] ilog [[]] ilug [[]] [[]] [[]]
153 lake [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] lawa [[]] [[]] [[]]
154 sea
(as in ocean)
[[]] [[]] dagat [[]] dagat, dayat malat [[]] [[]] tasi
155 salt [[]] [[]] asin [[]] asin [[]] [[]] asiga
156 stone [[]] [[]] batu [[]] batu [[]] [[]] [[]]
157 sand [[]] [[]] pasig [[]] balas [[]] [[]] unai
158 dust [[]] [[]] alikabok [[]] alikabuk [[]] [[]] [[]]
159 earth
(as in soil)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] yatu [[]] [[]] [[]]
160 cloud [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] biga, ulap [[]] [[]] [[]]
161 fog [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]]
162 sky [[]] [[]] langit [[]] banua [[]] [[]] langet
163 wind
(as in breeze)
[[]] [[]] hangin [[]] angin [[]] [[]] [[]]
164 snow [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] yelu [[]] [[]] [[]]
165 ice [[]] [[]] yelo [[]] yelu [[]] [[]] [[]]
166 smoke [[]] [[]] usok [[]] asuk [[]] [[]] [[]]
167 fire [[]] [[]] apoy [[]] api, silab [[]] [[]] [[]]
168 ashes [[]] [[]] abo [[]] abu [[]] [[]] [[]]
169 to burn
(intransitive)
[[]] [[]] sunogin [[]] silab [[]] [[]] [[]]
170 road [[]] [[]] daan,kalsada [[]] dalan [[]] [[]] [[]]
171 mountain [[]] [[]] bundok [[]] bunduk [[]] [[]] [[]]
172 red [[]] [[]] pula [[]] malutu [[]] [[]] agaga'
173 green [[]] [[]] berde,luntian [[]] aluntian [[]] [[]] betde
174 yellow [[]] [[]] dilaw [[]] dilo [[]] [[]] amariyu
175 white [[]] [[]] puti [[]] maputi [[]] [[]] [[]]
176 black [[]] [[]] itim [[]] matuling [[]] [[]] [[]]
177 night [[]] [[]] gabi [[]] bengi [[]] [[]] puengi
178 day
(daytime)
[[]] [[]] araw [[]] aldo [[]] [[]] [[]]
179 year [[]] [[]] taon [[]] banua [[]] [[]] [[]]
180 warm
(as in weather)
[[]] [[]] mainit [[]] mapali [[]] [[]] [[]]
181 cold
(as in weather)
[[]] [[]] malamig [[]] marimla [[]] [[]] [[]]
182 full [[]] [[]] puno [[]] sapak, katmu [[]] [[]] [[]]
183 new [[]] [[]] bago [[]] bayu [[]] [[]] [[]]
184 old [[]] [[]] luma,matanda [[]] matua, laun, luma [[]] [[]] [[]]
185 good [[]] [[]] mabuti [[]] mayap [[]] [[]] maolek, buenu
186 bad [[]] [[]] masama [[]] marok [[]] [[]] baba
187 rotten
(as, a log)
[[]] [[]] bulok [[]] buluk [[]] [[]] [[]]
188 dirty [[]] [[]] marumi [[]] dinat, marinat [[]] [[]] [[]]
189 straight [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] matulid, tulid [[]] [[]] [[]]
190 round [[]] [[]] bilog [[]] mabilug [[]] [[]] [[]]
191 sharp
(as a knife)
[[]] [[]] matulis [[]] mataram [[]] [[]] [[]]
192 dull
(as a knife)
[[]] [[]] mapurol [[]] mapurul [[]] [[]] [[]]
193 smooth [[]] [[]] makinis [[]] makinis, malinatnat [[]] [[]] [[]]
194 wet [[]] [[]] basa [[]] basa, mabasa [[]] [[]] [[]]
195 dry
(adjective)
[[]] [[]] tuyo [[]] malangi [[]] [[]] [[]]
196 right
(correct)
[[]] [[]] tama,tumpak [[]] ustu, mausta [[]] [[]] [[]]
197 near [[]] [[]] malapit [[]] malapit [[]] [[]] [[]]
198 far [[]] [[]] malayo [[]] marayu [[]] [[]] [[]]
199 right
(side)
[[]] [[]] kanan [[]] uanan [[]] [[]] [[]]
200 left
(side)
[[]] [[]] kaliwa [[]] kaili [[]] [[]] [[]] iti, pakupaku, ririki chiisai
201 at [[]] [[]] sa [[]] keta [[]] [[]] [[]] kai, kei, i de
202 in [[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] atiu, kilub [[]] [[]] [[]] i roto i no naka ni
203 with
(accompanying)
[[]] [[]] [[]] [[]] kambe, kayabe [[]] [[]] [[]] me, ki, ko to
204 and [[]] [[]] at [[]] ampong, at [[]] [[]] [[]] me, a, mā, ko to
205 if [[]] [[]] kung [[]] nung [[]] [[]] [[]] mehemea, kāpātau, ki te mea, me, mēnā, pēnā, pēnei -tara, -ba, nara, to
206 because [[]] [[]] dahil [[]] kasi, uling [[]] [[]] [[]] notemea, i te mea, natemea, tatemea no de, kara
207 name [[]] [[]] pangalan [[]] lagiu [[]] [[]] [[]] ingoa na

Malayo-Polynesia