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August 2014
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- adult male Bengal tigers in Nagarahole National Park ranged from {convert|230|to|260|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in weight. Karanth mentioned a male tiger named "T-03" who was an adult male that was killed by a
- by Captain Smee that had a head and body length of {{convert|268|cm|in|abbr=on}} and a weight of ({{convert|222.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}} (eviscerated).<ref>Sterndale, R. A. (1884). [https://archive.org/
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Close paraphrasing
[edit]Thank you for creating Anchieta's cobra. However, I noticed that large portions of the text are similar or exactly the same as text used in the sources. This is called close paraphrasing, and is almost certainly a copyright violation, which Wikipedia does not allow. Please rewrite the article using your own words, or it may be deleted. Thank you for understanding. G S Palmer (talk • contribs) 16:40, 29 August 2014 (UTC)
Blocked
[edit]For coming back (again). Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 00:15, 28 September 2014 (UTC)
Abandonment, loneliness and emotional annihialtion in BPD
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is defined by the DSM-IV-TR and the DSM-5 as a "a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity" (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 710; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), estimated to affect 1.6% of the general population in the United States, while estimates in the European Union range from 0.79% in Spain to 2.17% in Germany. The prevalence rates in Canada and the United Kingdom are 1.5% & 1.1%, respectively. Italy has a prevalence rate of 0.85%, while France and Portugal have equally low rates, with 0.92% for France and 0.94% for Portugal. The Scandinavian nations have higher than average rates, comparable to, but still lower than rates for Germany. Sweden and Norway, for example, have rate of 1.9% and 1.74%, respectively. Other BPD rates in Europe and other nations that keep record include Austria at a prevalence of 2.3%, Switzerland at 0.87%, Russia has a rate of 3.7%, Finland with 1.4%, and some Asian nations numbers - Japan has a BPD rate of 1.4%, while South Korea's rate is higher at 2.1% and Thailand reported a 2.3% in 2010. Those diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder experience life, themselves, others and situations drastically different from those without BPD, or the "non-borderline". In my dealings with trying to heal borderline patients, as difficult it always was, transformed me on a profound level. I came to the realization that borderlines live in a constant state of mental and emotional confusion which only contributes and exasperates their suffering. The suffering of BPD patients is one thing which I've struggled with for quite some time. I pondered. I asked myself a lot of questions, did some soul searching, and finally, I decided to help the patients I can help and not focus on those which, although desperate for help - were rejecting and antagonistic, even hostile for trying to help them. How can anyone live in so much constant fear, or better yet, be in so much pain? Indeed, these individuals lack object constancy - if he isn't receiving love and reassurance, then he was never loved all along. That's the distortions they live with and believe wholeheartedly. That is the borderlines mantra. In therapy circles, those types of borderlines pose the greatest risk both to themselves by not allowing themselves to grow and to the clinicians, who typically are no match for the mental machinations of BPD. They tend to talk of going for help, but never follow through. Otto Kerberg, who is the foremost authority on narcissism and borderline personality disorder claims "borderlines feel, at a subconscious level that they are ultimately superior to their doctors and therefore they cannot be helped by anyone who is inferior". Borderlines are people in a constant state of pain and agony - their feelings and emotions are intense, raw, primitive, instinctual and devastating. Non-borderlines usually cannot understand how someone can experience feelings so deeply, yet still go on to inflict pain, cause drama and manufacture chaos in the lives those they claim to love with such deep conviction. The family of someone afflicted with BPD receive the brunt of the hurt, anger, and utter sense of hopelessness that BPD brings. Friends and significant other relations suffer, as well. Borderline individuals experience a chronic inner sense of emptiness, which is a state of being that involves a complex constellation of intense boredom, anhedonia, loneliness, restlessness, anxiety and what borderline patients have attempted to describe. Some descriptions from borderline patients include: 1. "it's like you don't exist on the inside" 2. "You feel dead inside" 3. "There's nothing more painful than having some part of you be missing and at the same time not know what that elusive 'thing' is because you didn't ever have it to start with, so you go searching your entire life for something that you can sense is missing, but have never experienced it"
Indeed Zanarini et al (2009) found that borderline behaviours - relationships, triangulationary relations (a borderlines acquisition of an otherwise attached object reassures his/her ego integrity and self-image issues are temporarily assuaged - if they cannot seduce this individual, they will often recruit a third party to facilitate the destruction of the relationship that feels threatening to them ie. a close friend has acquired a love interest - be rest assured that the borderline is busy plotting the demise of this connection), extreme risk-taking behaviours, taboo sex, drugs, aggression, sexual deviance and paraphilias, seduction, provocative behaviour and chaos manufacture are source of this emptiness. That is both profound and an excruciatingly painful subjective feeling.
Both male and female borderlines (think Angelina Jolie) and narcissists are often incredibly attractive and generally have a well above average IQ quotient, which was something that caught the attention of the researchers. Gunderson and Links administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) to those diagnosed as borderline, narcissistic, or antisocial based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria. The results indicated that overall intelligence quotient ratings were similar between borderline and narcissistic patients, the average score for a narcissist was 122 out of 49 narcissists who took the IQ test. Among borderlines, 57 agreed to participate in the IQ test and the average score as whole for the borderline group was 120. The highest score among the narcissistic group was 141, while 153 was the highest attained score in the borderline group. Scores for sociopaths (or antisocial's) was very erratic, with some scoring as low as 73 (the lowest of 39 participants), while the highest was 116. However, a wide range of scores were recorded. Unlike in the case of the narcissists and borderlines, who consistently maintained scores above 105.
A core issue with the pathology of borderline personality disorder aside from pathological narcissism and a psychopathic structure of personality complete with a machiavellianism belief, a lack of empathy,[1], is the unrelenting search for the all-perfect, all-caring, and the "all good" mother. All loving partners who (in their own minds) will come along and save them - this insatiable need, perhaps as a result of an abandoning mother early in life or maybe the mother-object was neglectful or somehow abusive - will never be satiated by superficial friendships, casual sexual encounters, drugs, or the like. One thing can satisfy a borderline. As a clinical psychologist with a PhD that has worked with a handful of patients who were on the narcissism spectrum, including those with narcissistic personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, but most tragic of all - the borderline personality disorder. Tragic because they can be helped. Love is their cure. Most borderlines are loving individuals, who feel deeply, are terrified at the prospect of loss or abandonment, and who will always put the needs of their lover ahead of their own. We focus so much on the negativity that surrounds BPD, but we never look at their intensity, their passion, their sense of loyalty, and their keen knowledge of human suffering. These attributes, characteristics, and experiences can help relationships grow and evolve. Borderlines, when in love, love you like you are the last person on earth. Even if not physically attractive, which is not common, these individuals are engaging, emotional, intense, loyal, and will often cater to their loved one. But beware of crossing them, ever. The resulting eruption of rage, anger, hostility, and vengeance will be unmatched by anything you've experienced.
Help for the borderline personality
However, I want to go back to the empathy situation with borderlines. There is no doubt that they can be as cold as ice to the suffering and pain of others, which quite ironic since borderlines suffer an immense amount of pain and learn lessons the hard way. They almost always have a problem with drug or alcohol abuse, poverty, history of severe abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and in some instances, rape (even multiple incidents of it have occurred in the lives of many borderlines) - you would assume that empathy would come naturally. But in a paradox, like all borderline behaviour is, it turns cruel. However, Z
Based on Kernberg's teachings, empirical study findings by the leaders in personality psychology such as Millon, Linehan, Gunderson, Zanarini and Fonagy found three levels of personality that exist from healthiest to most pathological. First, normal flexibility and adaptation, this represents a well integrated self and object representations of opposing valences; the ability to bring two opposing parts in object representations to make one whole 2) neurotic personality of organization, 3) the psychotic functions at the lowest, then there is the psychopathic which is (esp. on very severe personality disorder (PD) pathologies or "low level personalities", which are antisocial PD, borderline PD, schizotypal PD, narcissistic PD, and Paranoid PD, than the cycloids with "mid-range personalities" and include the pathologies of negativistic PD, hypomanic PD, masochistic PD, sadistic PD, and schizoid PD - Linehan (1993, 2000, 2003), Linehan & Fruzzetti (2006), Linehan, Dimeff, & Koerner (2007), Gunderson (2007), Gunderson and Lyons-Ruth (2008), Gunderson & Links (2008), Dazzi (1998), Bateman & Fonagy (2003), Kernberg (1975 - Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism), Singer (1977), Mahler, Pine, & Bergman (1975), Masterson (2000), Pazzagli & Monti (2000 - Aloneness, Emotional Annihilation & Intense and Chronic Dysphoric Affect in Borderline Pathology), Winnicott (1949), Webster (2005 - The Abandondent Child),
- ^ Baron-Cohen, S (2012). The Science of Evil: On Empathy and the Origins of Cruelty. Basic Books. pp. 45–98. ISBN 978-0465031429.