User talk:Dg14pv/sandboxelderspeakgroup

Congratulations group. Good luck with your project. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 13:32, 10 September 2014 (UTC)

Initial critiques

Sam's initial ideas

I believe that 'Use of elderspeak and Consequences of Elderspeak Advantages' should have more recourses added.

There are no pictures in the article, I think that some should be added.

I have attached a link for a picture. [1] This picture represents a young nurse chatting with a senior woman in a care home. This helps represent elderspeak.

adams_sam (talk) 11:17, 17 September 2014 (UTC)

Adding images is one of the suggestions for good article criteria. You would need to find out more about how to do this. You'll need an image that is acceptable for Wikipedia standards. The student resources page (linked at the top of our course Wikipedia page) has a video about this.--LynnMcCleary (talk) 02:41, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Raegan's initial ideas

I agree that the disadvantages and advantages could use some more editing.

I also think it may be interesting to maybe talk about Elderspeak and how it is related to dementia or Alzheimer's or something along the lines to show how it is an important way of communicating successfully.

More background information may be helpful as well.

We might also be able to further discuss and elaborate on the Elderspeak and communication accommodation section

Rb14kabrock (talk) 23:50, 17 September 2014 (UTC)

Wagner's initial ideas

Hi guys! I believe that the format used to refer fonts is wrong. The authors are separate from their articles, and I believe that they should be together. We might also focus on how older adults feel about being communicated by this language. I agree that the discantages and advantages could use some more editing.Wd13qk (talk) 05:45, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

Could you elaborate on what you mean by the referencing being incorrect? It is important that things are referred to correctly because the article has to be verifiable, I just don't see specifically where things were referenced wrong. Wd13qk Im glad you noticed it though Dioncé 03:24, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

Dione's initial ideas

Hey guys! I agree with everything said above. I also believe it would be valuable to have a picture representing elderspeak out in society not just as it pertains to nursing. I noticed as well the use of the word "handicap" which honestly I don't think is acceptable. And I think that more clarification is needed in regards to the terms convergence and divergence and how they connect to elderspeak. Dg14pv (talk) 19:54, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

Some early comments from Lynn

This is a decent start to your critique and discussion. I can see the connection between a few of the suggestions and the good article criteria but mostly that's not clearly evident for me. In order for your group to come to some consensus about what you could edit, you'll need to have more information about why you think the edits are needed. I encourage you to include your reasons and rationale for your suggestions. This is customary in talk pages - and it's needed for grading. You'll need to systematically go through the good article criteria and apply them to the article. You want to identify the strengths of this article as well as opportunities to enhance it. You soon need to figure out what you need to learn in order to contribute to the article - and to set goals for your work. There is lots of help available for you as you work on this. Feel free to meet with me individually or as a group. I've added some headings/subheadings. You will eventually have a lot of information to sort through and this might help you - and help you to have conversations/discussion. LynnMcCleary (talk) 02:41, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Specific Focuses

Adding Pictures

Hey guys! I think everyone had great ideas to help make this article better. I read up on how to have an acceptable picture for wikipedia standards, and this is what I got, it has to be your own work, freely licensed, public domain, and fair use, you also need a description of the picture this is the subject of the image, you need a source, the source is the copy right holder for the image the URL, you need the author, permission, the date the image was created, and finally the location. I got this information from this website [2] Any thoughts about this? Adams sam (talk) 19:17, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Thanks for posting that link Sam! I think it won't be too hard to find a picture that is acceptable. I tried to look into what it means to have permission to use a photo on wikipedia but I don't really understand how we get that. Also, I believe that as far as this article being well written some of the sentence structure could be reworked. I believe that some words are not appropriate to be used, and there could be better flow. We could work on rewriting sections so that they are more tidy. Dg14pv (talk) 16:08, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

I dont totally understand the permissions part about adding a picture to wikipedia either but this is a little more information I found about it "Permission: Who or what law or policy gives permission to post on Wikipedia with the selected image copyright tag" [3] also I found adding a picture a little confusing it says to add it within the infobox in the article, but i can't seem to find it on the elderspeak article page. I also agree with you about the sentence structure needing to be reworked, and with some of the words being inappropriate, that defiantly should be changed. Adams sam (talk) 15:27, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

wikipedia is very strict on adding images, so I looked around and found a website called wikimedia commons [4] on this website you can add any picture to wikipedia. It includes the thumbnail so its easier for us to upload to our elderspeak page.This is one picture I found interesting.[5] what do you guys think? Adams sam (talk) 18:43, 25 September 2014 (UTC)

Adams sam I think this image is beautiful, and very interesting. But to me it looks more like the elderly person is primarily communicating with the younger person, and that the younger person is in a listening role. Do you think this inhibits the understanding of what Elderspeak is? If we don't see this as a problem then I believe the picture would be an appropriate choice. Dg14pv 00:19, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

I feel the same about the picture, I was having a hard time to find one that suited elderspeak, but here are some more pictures I found [6] [7] Let me know what you guys think? Adams sam (talk) 17:30, 27 September 2014 (UTC)

Editing Advantages and Disadvantages

We had discussed earlier about adding more references to the elderspeak advantage and disadvantage part in the article, it helps the readers to insure that our information in our article is reliable. [8] This link explains how to properly add references to wikipedias standards. Adams sam (talk) 17:47, 27 September 2014 (UTC)

We now have a lot more information to add to this section. One of Wagner's sources, and one of your sources states the specific detriments to care that Elderspeak can have, and also talks about the positive outcomes when not using it. So in a literal, symptom related way, we have more information to add to this. Dg14pv 23:37, 21 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

Credible Secondary Sources

Sam's Sources

Hey guys, I started looking at credible secondary sources for our article, below are the links to the sources I have found with a small explanation

1. In the know university of Kansas merrill advance study center talks about what is elderspeak, how common is elderspeak, is elderspeak harmful, and finally what is helpful about elderspeak.Adams sam (talk) 20:30, 11 October 2014 (UTC)

Adams sam, this article is about a research study. It's credible and relevant but it's not a secondary source. You might find other sources in the bibliographies of your sources - or with the assistance of a librarian. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:45, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

LynnMcCleary I had replace the source above with a new secondary source this is from 2002 The University of Kansas Merrill Advanced Studies Center. Adams sam (talk) 21:39, 15 October 2014 (UTC)

2. The New York Times this news paper article talks about how elderspeak is an insult to elders, and why they think this. also talks a little about how healthcare professionals think they are being nice but are making the elders fell like they are incompetent. and that health care professionals are not trained to avoid elderspeak. this can be be a good rescours to add to our article. Adams sam (talk) 22:09, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

3. Health central this article talks about how you speak to an elder can be detrimental to elderly with Alzheimer's. Adams sam (talk) 19:32, 11 October 2014 (UTC)

Adams sam, this is also a research study, not a secondary source. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:45, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

this is the new secondary source I found to replace the one above. journal of gerontological of nursing this journal talks about enhancing communication with older adults overcoming elderspeak. Abstract Gerontological nurses promote health and successful aging for a growing population of older adults. Care providers unknowingly may communicate messages of dependence, incompetence, and control to older adults by using elderspeak, a speech style similar to baby talk, that fails to communicate appropriate respect. This article describes a communication training program that significantly reduced the use of elderspeak by nursing assistants and led to more respectful, less controlling, and equally as caring communication between nursing assistants and nursing home residents. Strategies to use in evaluating and enhancing interpersonal communication with older clients are provided. Therapeutic communication is a critical tool for nurses who provide health care to the growing population of older adults. Adams sam (talk) 21:39, 15 October 2014 (UTC)

4. I had found another source I thought was useful I added it just incase someone elsa needed another resource or was having trouble finding one. enhancing communication with older adults : over coming elderspeak abstract: Because communication behaviors are difficult to change, practicing speech without elderspeak is helpful in preparing for actual clinical situations. The Communication Enhancement Model describes potential benefits of eliminating elderspeak in speech to older adults. Minimizing the use of elderspeak is hypothesized to reduce stereotype-based messages that older adults are incompetent and dependent. An improved communication environment promotes the cognitive and functional abilities of older adults. Achieving optimal communication environments may contribute to higher levels of well-being for older adults and to increased quality of life. Young adult care providers also may benefit from increased job satisfaction if they relate closely with care recipients.Adams sam (talk) 21:39, 15 October 2014 (UTC)

Raegan's Sources and Summaries

4. Language and Communication Vol.6 The article presents a study that determines the role of exaggerated stress on key words that facilitate speech comprehension on young listeners. It outlines the method of the study that observes both the Focal- and Non-focal Stress condition heavy stress to emphasize the semantically important words and mark syntactic structure among the subjects. It notes the result of the study, which suggests that speakers who have heavy focal stress are more likely to be more successful in communicating with elderly people and young children. It also asserts that elder speak can be offensive when the talk involves inappropriate simplified vocabulary.

5. Gerontological Nursing This article talks about how care providers unknowingly may communicate messages of dependence, incompetence, and control to older adults by using elderspeak, a speech style similar to baby talk, that fails to communicate appropriate respect. This article describes a communication training program that significantly reduced the use of elderspeak by nursing assistants and led t more respectful, less controlling, and equally as caring communication between nursing assistants and nursing home residents. Strategies to use in evaluating and enhancing interpersonal communication with older clients are provided. Therapeutic communication is a critical tool for nurses who provide health care to the growing populati of older adults.

6. Advanced Studies Center at the University of Kanas I believe this article would be helpful in many parts of the article such as disadvantages. Raegan (talk) 21:29, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

Raegan, the first source is relevant and credible but it's a research report. Thus, it's primary source, not a secondary source. I can't tell what the other sources are because the links aren't working for me. Please add the citations, so your group can determine whether or not you have overlap in your sources. A librarian could help with searching. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:48, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Summaries

Does ‘Elderspeak’ Work? The Effect of Intonation and Stress on Comprehension and Recall of Spoken Disclosure in Old Age.

This article is a study that was preformed to see if elderspeak reflects a patronizing attitude of the speaker towards the listener or does it a functional adaption to the capacity of the listener which operates to facilitate communication. Intonation and stress have efficient effects as well. They are used to indicate intended irony, to convey the speaker’s emotions, or to signify the mood of a sentence. Thus stress can act to guide and facilitate the comprehension and the interpretation of spoken information. the functional role of stress in the comprehension of spoken words, helps us to understand that older people will benefit more from the facilitation it affords. Older people, even those who have no obvious hearing loss, mostly have reduced awareness in the high frequency range which can make speech perception more difficult and demanding. Comprehension and recall of spoken discourse by older and younger listeners was tested under three different stress conditions. In the Focal Stress condition, heavy stress was placed so as to highlight semantically important words or to mark syntactic structure, and should therefore facilitate comprehension. In the Non-focal Stress condition, heavy stress was placed where it would be unlikely to facilitate syntactic and semantic processing and might even be misleading. Lastly, in the No Stress condition, variations in stress were eliminated as nearly as possible. Comprehension and recall were assessed by testing subjects’ ability to answer questions about each text. The experiment illustrated that for older listeners comprehension and recall of spoken discourse is facilitated by heavy stress placed at optimal locations. It may be argued that stress serves purely as an acoustic enhancement enabling the elderly listeners to hear a subset of words in the text more easily. Overall, this study showed that none of the elder participants had found the stressed speech patronizing or irritating. It is possible that elderspeak only becomes offensive when it involves inappropriately simplified vocabulary and sentence structure, or when the stress pattern is much more grossly exaggerated than it was in the present study.

DISCUSSION: So for this article, I think we could use it possibly in the advantages section because it shows that when most older people have reduced awareness in the high frequency range which can make speech perception more difficult and demanding. For older listeners, their comprehension and recall of spoken discourse is facilitated by heavy stress placed at optimal locations. It may be argued that stress serves purely as an acoustic enhancement enabling the elderly listeners to hear a subset of words in the text more easily. I think this is very important. Raegan (talk) 19:45, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Enhancing COMMUNICATION With Older Adults: Overcoming Elderspeak

Social interaction with others is a basic need of all humans that continues to be critical to the well-being of elderly individuals. The importance of social relationships is described in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which places the human need for affiliation second only to survival and safety (Maslow, 1954). Many healthcare providers unknowingly use Elderspeak, which is based on stereotypes that older adults are less competent, so younger communication partners simplify their communication, attempt to clarify communication, and alter the emotional tone of messages when communicating with older adults. These stereotypes impact provider-client interactions in health care. Not only does Elderspeak fail to improve communication effectiveness for older adults, the messages inherent in Elderspeak may unknowingly reinforce dependency and engender isolation and depression, contributing to the spiral of decline in physical, cognitive, and functional status common for elderly individuals. These outcomes are incongruent with nursing's goal of promoting independence in aging clients. In contrast, most adults prefer an affirming emotional tone that appropriately balances care and control, communicating the listener is competent to comprehend the message and act independently. Working to overcome elderspeak through awareness and self-monitoring as well as through formal educational programs are strategies nurses and other care providers can use to promote successful aging for older clients. Communication is a powerful tool for nurses and health-care workers to capitalize on when working with clients to promote health and wellbeing.

DISCUSSION: This article illustrates a lot of information. I think it would be a good idea to possibly talk about how nurses and health care providers mostly don’t realize that they are using Elderspeak. However, there are educational programs that stand as strategies for nurses and other care providers to promote successful aging for older clients. Raegan (talk) 19:45, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Elderspeak - Is it Helpful or Just Baby Talk?

Elderspeak is very common between young caregivers and older residents in a nursing home or in hospitals. Researchers have documented that it can diminish an older person's confidence in his or her abilities. However, some aspects of elderspeak do compensate for natural changes in the cognitive skills of elders. But most of the time, it is actually confusing and even harmful to talk this way. Elderspeak is a form of ageism that is under scrutiny by researchers and service providers alike. Elderspeak can be compared to the way we talk to babies, it is meant to be helpful and supportive, but older folks often believe it is patronizing. this speech pattern is based on stereotypes and not actual behavior because we also hear it used in situations where older adults are clearly functioning well, like grocery stores. It is said that nursing home residents are no longer offended by these speech patterns because they have claimed it as a normal habit. Harmful Aspects Elderspeak implies that an older person is not competent and miscommunication is his or her fault. It may reinforce negative stereotypes about aging and erode older adults' self-esteem. Most aspects of elderspeak actually decrease comprehension. It is confusing when a word is exaggerated and hard to understand a statement that sounds like a question. Talking too slowly affects a senior's ability to focus on the main point and retain information. Helpful Aspects Science has established that older adults experience changes in their working memory. This affects the way they hear and understand what is said to them. Because of this, we know that seniors will have better comprehension if you paraphrase and simplify what you are trying to say. The "rule of thumb" when communicating with seniors is – one size does not fit all. Our elders have a variety of capabilities to keep them in the communication loop.

DISCUSSION: I believe that this article has great potential for our article. It is short and sweet, but gets to the point. I think mentioning that this speech pattern is just based on stereotypes and not actual behaviour of elders because we also hear it used in situations where older adults are clearly functioning well. I also think that it is important for people to know that Elderspeak is actual offensive but nursing home residents are no longer offended by these speech patterns because they have claimed it as a normal habit. Raegan (talk) 19:45, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Wagner's Sources and summaries

7. | The Gerontologist I believe this article would be helpful in the bad aspects of Elderspeak.Wd13qk (talk) 03:04, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

8. | Gerontological Nursing In this article we can find reasons to use Elderspeak. Wd13qk (talk) 03:04, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

9. | Social Acceptability of Elderspeak I believe this article could contribute in many aspects of the article such as disadvantages. Wd13qk (talk) 03:04, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

Wd13qk, please add the citations. I can't tell whether or not they meet our criteria for use for this assignment because the links aren't working for me. LynnMcCleary (talk) 01:50, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Hey guys. I still confused about this assignment and I do not know if my articles are the correct ones. I am changing my articles because my previous ones are a little bit confusing so that I looked out for articles that matches with the idea of the group.

1. | In The Know

My first article is a general article, and explain about the common use of elderspeak, how harmful, and helpful it could be.

Simpson, J.,(2002).Elderspeak – Is it helpful or just baby talk?. In The Know. Retrieved from www2f.biglobe.ne.jp/boke/Elderspeak.pdf

This article presents a brief explanation about what is elderspeak that is also known as baby talk because it is so similar to the way that adults talk with children. The article also points out that this style of communication is commonly used in nursing homes, hospitals and other settings where older adults are found. According to the article older adults do not use this style of communications with each other, and that elderspeak is considered “superior” and “cold”. Elderspeak implies that the older person is not competent to understand a normal conversation. Research by Ellen Ryan and Howard Giles say that elderspeak affects an older person’s evaluation of his or her capacity. It may reinforce negative stereotypes and contribute to less self-esteem. According to the article, the aspects of elderspeak contribute to decrease comprehension. Provide confusion when people speak a word exaggerated, misconception when the sentence sounds like a question, and when people talk slowly affect the ability to focus on the main point and retain information. However, the author also affirms that repeat and paraphrase and simplify speech is good for seniors have a better comprehension and avoid misconception. There are so many ways to talk to our elders. To have an interesting communication, make use of a rich and varied vocabulary could be useful to maintain an interesting conversation. Our capacity to learn new words is maintained even in elders. Avoid use diminutives words to maintain a respectful conversation. Raise the pitch of the voice is necessary, just with older adults with hearing loss. Using raising the pitch when not necessary cause distorts the words. If necessary, repeat the main idea of the message or try to say in other words. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wd13qk (talk • contribs) 05:46, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

I think it would be good to add that elderspeak contributes to decreased comprehension. That isn't talked about in other places, it should go in the Disadvantages Section, I think. The three points after this statement in your summary would be good to include also to help explain why it decreases comprehension. I think it would also be useful to talk about the usefulness/harm of the pitch of one's voice. That could be put in the section Use of Elderspeak, or a new section to help further define exactly what Elderspeak is may need to be added. Dg14pv 22:24, 20 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

We have the same article!! It is a great source Raegan (talk) 20:27, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

2. | American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

This second article focus in the effect that elderspeak has in older adults with Alzheimer’s Disease, emphasizing the successful or unsuccessful communications as regards use pitch and loudness to communicate.

Small, J., A., Huxtable, A., & Walsh, M., (2009). The role of caregivers prosody in conversations with persons who have Alzheimer’ disease. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 24 (6), 469-475, doi: 10.1177/1533317509342981

This article focus on successful vs. unsuccessful communication, in a dimension of frequency (hereafter, pitch) and volume (hereafter, loudness) of caregivers’ speech in a prosodic conversation. The use of simplified grammar and vocabulary, repetition, use of diminutives, increased loudness, a slower rate, and exaggerated pitch or intonation, are ordinarily features detected in elderspeak. These features of elderspeak make older adults less self-confidence as communicators and willingness to take part in conversations (Small, Hustable, and Walsh, 2009) However, as Small, Hustable, and Walsh say, (2009) older adults may accept the elderspeak as complacency. Other research says that elderspeak may be positive, demonstrating affection by those who have a close relationship with the speaker. So that, a group of elderly was questioned about how they fell in an elderspeak scenario. According to Small, Hustable, and Walsh (2009), “participants rated the elderspeak scenario as higher in a “warmth” dimension and lower in a “superiority” dimension when the speaker was a family member and/or friend compared to an unfamiliar service worker”. The authors also say that participants related the use of elderspeak happens more frequently by unfamiliar than familiar partners. The results of this research demonstrate that even in pitch or loudness, both do not demonstrate relevant differences in either successful or unsuccessful conversation with the care receivers. In conclusion, Small, Hustable, and Walsh (2009) provides evidence that when the caregivers use of pitch and loudness to communicate with persons with Alzheimer’ disease is directly related to communication success. The information in this article could be helpful to provide information of how aspects of speech can influence the quality of communication in the relationship between caregiver and the person they care for.

I think this information would be super useful! and it relates to the point in the article above about pitch. At least we have another reference on top of the one above indicating the importance of pitch and loudness. We could use this for a really in depth definition of elderspeak. Also we could use the info about the difference between a family member and a stranger, I think thats an important point, Elderspeak may be appropriate with family, but not in a professional relationship. Dg14pv 23:36, 20 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

I like the idea about adding more information to the deffiniton of elderspeak. Adams sam (talk) 19:52, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

3. | American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

This article focus on behaviors of older adults in long-term care with dementia respond with elderspeak communication. This article emphasizes that this group of older adults is more likely to resist this type of communication trying to maintain a positive self-concept and personhood.

I feel that this information is really good, I think the information would be relevant to add to the dementia part in the article we have been talking about putting.Adams sam (talk) 19:52, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Herman, R.,E., & Williams, K.,n., (2009), Elderspeak’s influence on resistiveness to care: focus on behavioral events. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 24 (5), 417-423, doi: 10.1177/1533317509341949

This article explores how older adults in long-term care with dementia react to nursing staff elderspeak communication evaluating theirs reactions. According to Harman & Williams (2009), resistiveness to care behaviors is associated more likely to occur when used features of elderspeak, as diminutives, simplistic vocabulary and grammar, shortened sentences, slowed speech, elevated pitch and volume, exaggerated gestures, altered proxemics, altered touch, altered prosody, inappropriately intimate terms of endearment, collective pronouns (e.g. “are we, ready for our”), tag question, and very short sentences used to try simplifying speech and vocabulary, than when used normal talk in communications with older adults with dementia. The reactions are associated with negative association with inability to maintain or understand a normal conversation. In a psycholinguistic, observation, and behavioral analyses were conducted to evaluate the survey. The results suggest that elderspeak communication used to communicate with resident, generate a negative acceptability by them. According to Harman & Williams (2009), the negative acceptability by residents, could be explained because they wish to maintain their personhood and positive self-concept. The reactions described in the article by residents are denied help from their caregiver, and screaming or yelling at their caregiver. They also react grabbing objects, hitting, kicking, push/pull, pull away/push away and turning away. In conclusion, Harman & Williams (2009) indicate a reduction of elderspeak communication, thus, there could be a reduction in problematic behaviors with older adults in long-term with dementia. Decreasing the elderspeak communication may also result in improved quality and reduced cost of care.

I think if we have a section on areas in which Elderspeak is used, or medical areas in which elderspeak is used this information on Dementia would be super useful! Also I think mentioning and explaining the reduced cost of care would be a useful point. We could talk about the negative effect that Elderspeak can have in the response of patients with dementia. Nice Article Wagner. Dg14pv 23:41, 20 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

I agree that a part should be added about dementia because dementia seems to be a huge part in elderspeak. Adams sam (talk) 19:52, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

I hope have done it well. Wd13qk (talk) 09:50, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

Dione's Sources and Summaries

Hey guys! So I noticed that in the section of the article talking about the Use of Elderspeak that it only talks about caregivers (both paid and volunteer). I found some information on ageism ( I believe that this is a pretty pivotal concept also, though it isn't stated in the article) in the workplace, and evidence of elderspeak with family.

10. Brownell P, Kelly J J, (2013) Aegism and mistreatment of older workers: Current reality, future solutions. Springer. ISBN:978-94-007-5521-5. This is a book that goes into some pretty good detail on ageism in the workplace, which I believe it is important to mention, where there is ageism and stereotyping, there is Elderspeak, and I believe this information would fit well in the "Use of Elderspeak" section. Dg14pv 01:09, 8 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

Summary: These pages explain that the right to work is a basic human right, that means that every person can work without being discriminated against or dismissed arbitrarily. Globally we are working towards societies that accept people of all ages, this means that older persons must be provided with the opportunity to contribute to society, and more importantly take away the things that inhibit older persons from doing this. Due to the rapid expansion of this age group researchers have focused on population aging and not the economic, social, and cultural situations of older persons. The perspective of society has changed from one of welfare to one of a human rights movement. The elderly usually receive abuse from those that they trust or depend on, or who depend on them, in the workplace these people could be managerial, supervisory, and peer staff. Research shows that ageism is “pervasive in the media, healthcare, education, and advertising.” Severe forms of Elderspeak are disrespectful, and could be discriminatory, these things are based off of negative systemic stereotyping of the person using Elderspeak. We don't really talk about how elderspeak can be an infringement on a basic human right, everyone has a right to work and if you're discriminating against someone in the work place then that's what you're doing. I think that adding this content will also be adding a new perspective. It is important for people to understand that Elderspeak is used everywhere in the community and not just in the nursing home or in relation to a disease or disability. Dg14pv 14:44, 20 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

Hey guys so I know Im commenting on my own summary but I wanted to highlight that I think it would be important to explain that Elderspeak happens in the workplace too not just in health care situations. This article also talks a lot about agism and in the Elderspeak page it doesn't mention that whatsoever, but I think it would be important to note the correlation between Agism and Discrimination, and that if Elders are discriminated in the workplace it is literally an infringement on their human rights to a safe work place. I think these are some strong points, and may need a heading of their own?, or could be placed as a sub heading under Use of Elderspeak? Let me know what you guys think. Dg14pv 23:46, 20 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

I think that this information would be used in the definitions to complete the mean idea. It also could be used in the section of use of elderspeak, and consequences of elderspeak", emphasizing the discrimination. Good source. Wd13qk (talk) 06:38, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

This is a good source Dione! Most of the things we found are about the advantages and disadvantages of Elderspeak so this is a good change. I think it is important to explain how this stereotypical way of communication isn't only in the health care system but in the work place as well. The human rights is a good point, however if we decide to use it under its own heading then we may have to find more information on the topic of human rights. Raegan (talk) 20:27, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

11. Ryan, E. B., Kennaley, D. E., Pratt, M. W. & Shumovich, M. A. (2000). Evaluations by staff, residents and community seniors of patronizing speech in the nursing home: Impact of passive, assertive, or humorous responses. Psychology and Aging, 15, 272-285 Dg14pv (talk)

Summary: This reference is only used in the Elderspeak article already, but only once, and I believe that there is more valuable information in here for us to draw upon and that we should do that. When defining elderspeak it states specifically that Elderspeak is characterized by “fewer clauses per utterance, shorter utterances, fewer left branching or self embedded clauses, more lexical filters (ex. You know), more sentence fragments, fewer cohesive ties, fewer words of three or more syllables, more repetitions, slower speech rate, and longer pauses, and diminutives.” This information should be added and elaborated on sot hat it is understandable to everyone who would be reading it. Elderspeak is affected by context. Community or institute, meaning that people use elderspeak towards elderly people in the community, like in the grocery store or the coffee shop, or in an institute such as a nursing home. It is also affected by characteristics of the listener (eg, degree of cognitive function/impairment) so that means that if there is some impairment or appears to be a disability, then Elderspeak is more likely to be used. The third and final thing that affects the use of elderspeak is the relationship of speaker and listener (ex. Relative vs stranger) the relative is more likely to know the cognitive abilities of the elderly person, whereas the stranger would not. It is generally thought to be patronizing and inappropriate speech. People use elderspeak because of stereotypes, not because of actual characteristics of their conversation partner. So that means that people assume that others arent capable of speech, and use Elderspeak without actually evaluating whether or not their conversation partner has the conversation skills to carry a normal conversation. Dg14pv 14:44, 20 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

I think this article is good because it has some facts about the definition that are pretty clear. I think more importantly it talks about how context affects it, which is something in one of Wagner's sources too, so I think its good info to add. This article has a lot of overlap with the information in other articles too. Dg14pv 23:53, 20 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

Dg14pv i think its really good that your informations connects with Wagner's information this will be good when adding it to our elderspeak page because it will have more then one resource to followup on the topic making that information more reliable. Adams sam (talk) 02:56, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

I think that the information in this article would be useful to for further information in definitions. The informations also contribute to explain elderspeak and communication accommodation and use of elderspeak because as Dione said, it has good definitions that will contribute and has related information in my sources. Wd13qk (talk) 06:38, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Okay, I really like the point of the stereotype of older people and how it is normal to talk to them like that. When you explained that "people assume that others arent capable of speech, and use Elderspeak without actually evaluating whether or not their conversation partner has the conversation skills to carry a normal conversation", I think this is really important and needs to be recognized. Also, how people use elder speak at places such as grocery stores was one of the points in one of the articles I posted so maybe we can link that together Raegan (talk) 20:27, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

12. Balsis, S., & Carpenter, B. (2006). Evaluations of elderspeak in a caregiving context. Clinical Gerontologist, 29(1). This is an article already listed in the reference list on the Elderspeak page, but I decided to go over it and elaborate on more things.

-Summary: The point of this article is that health care professionals need to use evidence based strategies in order to optimize communication with adults in long term care. Estimates are that these health care professionals make up about 75% of the communication situations that adults in long term care receive. The point is that we want the communication to be person-centred, its about that individual, not the label that the individual might have. Nursing home residence state that the quality of communication between them and their caregivers is very important to their satisfaction with their lives in long term care. Negative communication can lead to dependency, depression, behaviour issues and other negative outcomes, whereas effective communication can help the residents to become more autonomous and independent, and reduce any depersonalization they may feel from being in an institution. Person-Centred-Care is valuing respecting and honouring the individual regardless of disease or disability, research has established that this helps to integrate personhood, person knowledge, autonomy and choice, comfort care, interpersonal relationships, and a supportive environment. Elderspeak occurs especially when one appears frail and/or disabled. Elder people may respond by avoiding socialization, having a decreased self esteem, or may cause them to take on the stereotype of being dependent. Usually caregivers who use elderspeak are trying to be caring and improve the recipient's comprehension, this usually fails. Elderspeak also occurs in assisted living. Elderspeak is using terms that are overly endearing, asking closed questions that prompt an answer, using the collective “we”. Health care providers need to make individual assessments to avoid negative effects for their clients. Non verbal communication can also be Elderspeak, looming over a wheelchair is dominancy, and a pat on the buttocks resembles parent-child touching. Dg14pv 22:03, 20 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

I think talking about Evidence based strategies would be pretty useful. We could include it in the section of the medical situations of elderspeak. Most importantly is the non verbal examples of elderspeak, so crucial. Dg14pv 23:53, 20 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

talking about evidenced based strategies is a really good thought, i also really like that it shows the percentage of communication in long term care that the elders receive from the health care professionals, be really good information to add to the article.Adams sam (talk) 02:56, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

I really like this article because goes through one of the article that I posted too. This article would be used in the disadvantages section. I think that evidence based strategies is very useful as well. Non verbal communication is a interesting topic that was not mentioned in the Elderspeak page, and I think that is a very good idea add this part. Love it.Wd13qk (talk) 06:38, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

I like the idea of the statistic you posted. Considering the amount of information we have on disadvantages, I think the evidence based strategies would be a good idea to help people improve their communication skills towards elder people. In the article I posted Here, it explains a program to help nurses, health providers, or just regular people improve their use of elderspeak. I think we can make a strong sub section with this information!!!! YAY Raegan (talk) 20:27, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Making Decisions

Samantha's Summary

In the The New York Times they had made a good point about Alzheimer's. “The main task for a person with Alzheimer’s is to maintain a sense of self or personhood,” Dr. Williams said. “If you know you’re losing your cognitive abilities and trying to maintain your personhood, and someone talks to you like a baby, it’s upsetting to you.” (Leland, 2008) this information would be good to add to the Alzheimer's section we where talking about adding.

what do you guys think about this information and about adding it to our article? Adams sam (talk) 17:48, 6 October 2014 (UTC)

I like that a lot Adams sam. The article mentions Alzheimer's in both the advantages and disadvantages, and I believe elsewhere also. Because it is an obvious theme throughout the article, I agree with you that it might be a really good idea to add a section on Alzheimer's, and I like this point. I'll take a read of the article after you post a summary (is this article one of the articles that you're summarizing?) I think it would be useful in this section to have other health related areas in which Elderspeak is used, Alzheimer's wouldn't be an isolated case, so maybe a the end of this section we could give examples of other diseases/illnessess/disabilities that cause Elderspeak to be used. Maybe we could make it a section on Medical reasons that Elderspeak is used and then talk about Alzheimer's more than other diseases possibly. This might be a good alternative to having a section specifically on Alzheimer's, but that might be exactly what we need anyway. What do you guys think? Rb14kabrock talk xoxo Dg14pv 00:19, 13 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

yes the article The New York Times is one of the articles i will be summarizing. And I also think making a section on "medical reasons that elderspeak is used" would be a great idea. there was also more information within the new york times article that can contribute to this section. Adams sam (talk) 03:01, 16 October 2014 (UTC)

HEY EVERYONE! I wanted to post my first summary, are we going to post them under a new heading after Lynn's comments or post them where we posted our sources originally? If organization of it doesn't matter to you guys then I'll just do whatever but I thought everyone should at least know where to look for the summaries. Rb14kabrock talk Adams sam thanks! Dg14pv 02:33, 13 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

I have been posting my information under making decision section, if anyone elsa is posting their information somewhere elsa and thinks it would be easier I can post there instead.Adams sam (talk) 03:01, 16 October 2014 (UTC)

Samantha's Summary

enhancing communication with older adults overcoming elderspeak

I thought this information can be useful to add in the disadvantage section Elderspeak is based on stereotypes that older adults are less competent. care givers may assume that the elder prefers the nurturing of elderspeak but older adults think of it as demeaning. elders see elderspeak as platinizing and implying incompetence, the elders may respond with lower self esteem, depression, withdrawal from social interactions and even assumption of dependent behaviour consistent with their stereotypes of elderly individuals. licensed practical nurses, registered nurses, and other healthcare team professionals have very seldom training and expertise when it comes to communication with elders.

I thought this information would be good to add on the elderseak article about what is being done about elderspeak . what do you guys think? When healthcare providers first start to realize they are using elderspeak it is the first step in the right direction. They then can realize what a negative message it sends and then they can start to reduce their use of elderspeak. This then will enhance their communication effectiveness and improve their working relationship with clients. There are communication training program focused on educating nursing assistances about elderspeak and its negative messages. theses communication training programs provides practice of effective communication skills. Adams sam (talk) 03:01, 16 October 2014 (UTC)

I agree with the information above... I believe that it is important for us to explain in our article how elderspeak can be misused and offensive when used the wrong way. In the link I posted Here I think we should point out how it can be harmful. This article states "idea that elderspeak affects an older person's evaluation of his or her abilities. It may reinforce negative stereotypes about aging and erode older adults' self-esteem. Most aspects of elderspeak actually decrease comprehension. It is confusing when a word is exaggerated. It is also hard to understand a statement that sounds like a question. Talking too slowly affects a senior's ability to focus on the main point and retain information. These cultural tools do not have a basis in the science of communication." So I really think the disadvantages section of the article could really be elaborated on, as we all have stated.

Raegan (talk) 16:03, 16 October 2014 (UTC)

Pointing out how elderspeak is harmful and elaborating on disadvantages are good ideas to add to the article. Adams sam (talk) 04:22, 18 October 2014 (UTC)

I like the idea of adding information about training programs for health care professionals. Maybe there could be a sub heading in the Use of Elderspeak section where we discuss this. I think that this information relates to the good article criteria because we are broadening the scope of information, but this point is still very meaningful. Dg14pv 00:13, 21 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

i think thats a good idea Dg14pv to put a subheading for the information about training programs for health care professions.Adams sam (talk) 02:56, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Samantha's Summary

Communication with older adults: overcoming elderspeak "Early social scientists first identified elderspeak and estimated that 20% of the communication occurring in nursing homes is actually elderspeak (Caporael, 1981)." I thought that this fact was interesting and would be good to add to our article. it shows how much elderspeak is actually being used within nursing homes. and if its being used within nursing homes then there is also a chance of elderspeak being used within other care facilities as well. "Researcher have shown that stereotypes impact providerclient interactions in health care. For instance, physicians have been found to provide more information, offer more support, and share more decision-making with clients who are younger compared to older adults" this article states that "Caregivers may assume older adults prefer the nurturance of elderspeak. However, older adults in both institutional settings and those receiving home care services report as many as 40% of their caregivers use Speech they perceive as demeaning." Adams sam (talk) 04:22, 18 October 2014 (UTC)

wow I like that fact Sam! Concrete numbers are good because of their specificity, and help people to understand. I believe this would help the accuracy of our article. I like it! One of my articles states that 75% of the interactions that elderly people have are with the staff of the nursing homes. I feel that this fact is related and may also be useful. What do you guys think ? Dg14pv 00:13, 21 October 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

Dg14pv I like the fact that you had found, I feel that they would work good together and i think it is very useful for the article. i also found this information that i thought would work well with the information we had found "Caregivers may assume older adults prefer the nurturance of elderspeak. However, older adults in both institutional settings and those receiving home care services report as many as 40% of their caregivers use Speech they perceive as demeaning." Adams sam (talk) 19:52, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Samantha's final edits

Adding A Picture

I had added this picture to the page

This picture represents Elderspeak a younger adult is addressing the older adult.

because a picture is one of the good article criteria, and will help improve this page.Adams sam (talk) 23:24, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

Alzheimer's

With in our group we had discussed adding an Alzheimer's section because we feel that Elderspeak is related to Alzheimer's.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that gradually destroys the abilities to remember, reason, and engage in meaningful social interaction. AD Caregivers report that most of their stress comes from unsuccessful attempts to communicate with their patients. In an effort to improve the communicative interaction between caregiver and patient, many clinicians advise caregivers to modify their speech when talking to the patient. “The main task for a person with Alzheimer’s is to maintain a sense of self or personhood,” Dr. Williams said. “If you know you’re losing your cognitive abilities and trying to maintain your personhood, and someone talks to you like a baby, it’s upsetting to you.” (Leland, 2008) Caretakers of adults with Alzheimer’s are often told to speak to their patients more slowly, although slow speech has not been proven to improve comprehension in patients with Alzheimer’s.Adams sam (talk) 23:24, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

Disadvantages

I had added some information to the disadvantages because we had discussed within our group that it could be elaborated on. these are the changes made

The biggest problem with elderspeak is the effect it has on older adults and how they are perceived, both by younger adults and by themselves. Older adults often find elderspeak patronizing and disrespectful. Elderspeak is based on stereotypes because of the way younger adults speak to older adults as if they are less competent, older adults find fewer opportunities to communicate effectively and may experiences declines in self-esteem, depression, assumption of dependent behaviour consistent with their stereotypes of elderly individuals. They can even become less interested in social interaction. This cycle of communication is often referred to as the “communication predicament of aging”. Adults receiving elderspeak are often judged by the speaker as being not only less competent, but also being in a worse disposition. Interestingly, the same study showed that when using elderspeak, the speaker was judged as having a worse disposition as well.

Elderspeak can in fact contribute to decreased comprehension, and can increase confusion. Early social scientists first identified elderspeak and estimated that 20% of the communication occurring in nursing homes is actually elderspeak (Caporael, 1981).Caretakers of nursing home residents must be particularly careful when using elderspeak. Although elderspeak has been shown to help older adults with dementia and Alzheimer’s in language comprehension, they are not immune to feeling disrespected when it is used. Resisting care is an ongoing problem with dementia patients, as well as violent behaviour, and residents of nursing homes are more likely to resist care when their nurse uses elderspeak. Care givers may assume that the elder prefers the nurturing of elderspeak but older adults think of it as demeaning. Older adults in both institutional settings and those receiving home care services report as many as 40% of their caregivers use speech they perceive as demeaning. and 75% of the interactions that elderly people have are with the staff of the nursing homes.

Another problem with elderspeak is that licensed practical nurses, registered nurses, and other healthcare team professionals have very seldom training and expertise when it comes to communication with elders, and that elderpseak is often used incorrectly. Shorter sentences appear to have a beneficial effect on older adults’ communication, factors of elderspeak such as slow speech and exaggerated pitch tend to make older persons feel worse about their own competency, as well as the competency of the speaker; However, younger adults continue to use elderspeak with these characteristics. Not only does Elderspeak fail to improve communication effectiveness for older adults, the messages inherent in Elderspeak may unknowingly reinforce dependency and engender isolation and depression, contributing to the spiral of decline in physical, cognitive, and functional status common for elderly individuals. Adams sam (talk) 23:24, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

Dione's final Edits

Hey everyone! So I started off by rearranging some of the information that was in the article. There was a lot of information in the disadvantages section so I split it up into paragraphs. I took the Alzheimer's heading, and made it a sub heading of the uses of elderspeak, and then made a non medical sub heading. Then I added the following information to the sub heading of non-medical:

Elderspeak is also commonly used in the general community, not only in the context of health care. In the workplace elderspeak is quite prevalent. Elderly persons usually receive mistreatment from those that they trust or depend on, or who depend on them, in the workplace these people could be managerial, supervisory, and peer staff. Severe forms of elderspeak contribute to discrimination in the workplace, potentially infringing on the basic human right of that individual to a safe work environment. Elderspeak is affected by context. Community or institute, meaning that people use elderspeak towards elderly people in the community, like in the grocery store or the coffee shop, or in an institute such as a nursing home. An element of context is the relationship between the speaker and the elderly person, people in closer relationships will be more likely to know the cognitive function of the individual, acquaintances or strangers would be less likely to make accurate judgements of this.

Then I added some information about non verbal communication under the heading of Uses of Elderspeak, as follows

Research shows that approximately 80% of communication is non verbal. Elderspeak involves communicating to the older adult in a codling way, which includes non verbal cues and gestures. An example would be looming over a wheelchair or bed in dominancy, or a pat on the buttocks resembling parent-child touching.

The next thing I did was introduce the idea of Agism to the article, making sure to highlight it as a linked page that someone could visit.

This speech style is often patronizing in nature and resembles baby talk, which refers to how adults address babies and young children. It results from reliance on stereotypes about cognitive abilities of older persons. The use of elderspeak may be a result of or contribute to agism, a form of discrimination based on age differences. Young people tend to believe that aging is associated with cognitive declines, including declines in language processing and production.

I then went in and added a couple ideas to the definition in the beginning.

Elderspeak also includes using terms that are overly endearing, asking closed questions that prompt an answer, and using the collective “we”.

Lastly, I went through and tried to make some things in the article more well written. I reworked the order of some sentences in the first paragraph, and changed some phrasing and grammatical things that I thought could be improved. Changed the phrase more simple to simpler, getting rid of the word and in lists. rearranged the order of some information.

I hope this was helpful in understanding how I tried to help with this wikipedia article, thank you everyone for feedback! Dg14pv 19:54, 11 November 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

Professor advice about summaries and collaboration

Rb14kabrock, talk, Dg14pv, and Adams sam , you’ve got some great sources. I know that some of you will be looking for secondary sources to replace the primary sources you found. I recommend books about aging and gerontology as possible sources – and the sources that are already listed on the Wikipedia article. There are some great nursing journal articles about elderspeak.

I have some suggestions for you for your next steps – to help you keep your work manageable and within the scope of this assignment. You have the potential to get overwhelmed by the amount of information that you have.

See the course page for information about your tasks due October 22.

As you're summarizing relevant information from your sources, keep your focus on what you identified as your editing goals. If you need to, look back to the elderspeak article to see again what you think is needed. You may come up with new ideas/goals as you learn more about this topic but don't let yourself get side tracked by irrelevant information. Thinking about the communication model we learned about the first week of class might help you focus and organize your information.

Your summaries should be between 250 and at most 400 words for each source. Try not to make them long. If there aren’t 250 words worth of information in your source, don't blather on to fill space (but I don’t think this will be an issue for the sources you’ve identified). I am looking for summaries I can understand and that are logical and coherent. You'll need to really focus in on the heart of the relevant findings. You should be aiming to tell your group members what the key messages are in your sources and how you think the information fits or doesn't fit with the article (it's okay if you logically determine that it wouldn't add to the article). If there is repetition within your sources, you should note that. Each summary should have a citation that is acceptable for Wikipedia and that has the information needed for a reader to verify your interpretation by finding your source. Links that only work within the university aren’t user friendly for me or your group members. If there is information that you can’t paraphrase, indicate quotes with quotation marks and page numbers.

When you've got your summaries done, hopefully there will be some themes and repetition among your summaries. Your job then is to collaboratively decide on what deserves to be suggested as an edit for the article and craft summaries of what your group found that could be incorporated in the article. That might be citations for information that is already there or new information. Discuss why your new information is relevant to the article.

I can copy the elderspeak article over to your sandbox so you can practice editing before you make any suggestions to the editors of the article. If you want me to do that, let me know by email or by using my user name in a response to this post. As always, I'm available to guide you.

Don't forget to sign your posts. I look up your contributions by user name for grading. If you don't sign your posts, you won't get credit for them when I'm grading.LynnMcCleary (talk) 02:26, 9 October 2014 (UTC)

Some Discussion about Changes for the 5th

hey Guys! I think that the introductory paragraph is difficult to read, I don't think it has good flow and its a little confusing so Im going to make some changes to it so it is more well-written (one of the good article criteria) Dg14pv 19:54, 3 November 2014 (UTC)Dg14pv (talk)

I also just added some more information to the non-medical sub heading of the article, some things about context from both one of my articles and one of Wagner's. Dg14pv 20:48, 3 November 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

I just added more info to the definition in the intro, I also got rid of the non verbal sub heading because there really wasn't enough info in my opinion, so then I added it to the "Uses of Elderspeak" heading. Dg14pv 22:32, 3 November 2014 (UTC) Dg14pv (talk)

So I just added a bunch of stuff to the main article but I wasn't signed in... what do I do? Raegan (talk) 15:30, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

In the history page, "139.57.217.166" this IP address is me editing, i forgot to sign in... Raegan (talk) 04:04, 5 November 2014 (UTC)