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Aviation communication is an exist article. For subtitle, Non-Engligh speakers, it will be under Aviation English as a subparagraph. Communication Error is a new subtitle which include miscommunication in this article.

The topic of aviation communication is briefly talking about aviation communication and some major problems. The reason of why the errors are caused by the communication will be covered through paragraphs, and the method to minimize the error by the human factors; such as, the method of education in aviation language speaking.



Communication Error

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Communication errors could exist between pilot-pilot and pilot-controller through transferring information. Communication error contains:[1]

  • amount of information contains
  • unclear pronunciation
  • misunderstanding

The more information need transfer, the more chance to get error.[2] Unclear pronunciation could happen on non-English speakers. Sometimes lack of self-confidence and motivation affects in expression especially shows in communication.[3] Misunderstanding happens on both native speakers and non-native speakers through communication, so a standard aviation language is important to improve this situation.

According to US department of transportation's report, errors between pilots and controllers include:[4]

  • Readback/Hearback errors - the pilot reads back the clearance incorrectly and the controller fails to correct the error - accounted for 47% of the errors found in this analysis.
  • No pilot readback. A lack of a pilot readback contributed to 25% of the errors found in this analysis.
  • Hearback Errors Type H - the controller fails to notice his or her own error in the pilot's correct readback or fails to correct critical erroneous information in a pilot's statement of intent - accounted for 18% of the errors found in this analysis.

Miscommunication

Generally, Miscommunication is caused by mishearing by the pilots for 28%, pilot not responding for 20%, controller mishearing for 15% and 10% that controllers do not respond.[5]And also, a professional research shows that 30% of the information will be lost during the miscommunication.[6] Moreover, miscommunication exists in personnel with different background of linguistic is shown to be one of the major problem in miscommunication to cause aviation accidents.[7] To avoid or minimizing miscommunication could by standardized debriefing or an interview process, which is follow a checklist to supplement written data.[8]

What should be like to avoid miscommunicate?

i.e. Who is flying the aircraft? "you have the controls", "I have the controls" should be sound to avoid miss pilots to control the aircraft.[9]

Non-English speakers

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English is the aviation language over the world by ICAO, which 190 over 195 countries follow this organization to keep civil aviation safety. Usually, human factors that affect communications include two ways, which are directly and indirectly. On one hand, the problems which are directly caused by the language itself, such as the problem for non English speakers. On the other hand, gender, age and experience would indirectly impact the communication in aviation.[10]

  • The significant problem in aviation communication is the accent and dialect during the communication. These kind of communication may cause misunderstanding and wrong information by the non-English speakers.[11]
  • Structure of speech is another problem that occurs because the insufficient English skill, such as grammar and vocabulary.
  • During the communication through English for non-English speakers, genders and race may effect them to communicate through second language which is a indirect impact on communication.[12]
  • Intonation due to signal limitations, lack of function words, standard phraseology and rapid speech rate also plague many non English speakers.[13]

As a result, both pilots and ATCs need to have enough English level to accomplish their tasks. Through the education for helping improve the aviation English not only focus on textbook, but still need experience in actual environment such as a lab experience can help speakers to improve their English more fluency and avoid misunderstanding which help non-English speakers to communicate normally. [14]







For the Non-English speaker's part: for one hand, people who do not speak English should improve the language skill and to be more skillful for English communication. On the other hand, they can improve the "Aviation-Language" such as signal language which is fast to improve the language shortage. so this is my personal opinion for the non-english speakers.

secondly, some grammar mistakes appear in the article which i have edited in the article.

For the Grammar, the professional words are preferred in the wikipedia edition such as significant instead of big something like that (just a small suggestion here)

For your introduction paragraph you need to more concise you don't necessary need to have an introduction sentence of what your whole article follow. 

there are two major problems that the big problem for non English speakers and the miscommunication in aviation. Communication exists between pilot-pilot and pilot-controller that can contain big chance to cause error in aviation'

you probably need to cut off the open word, and reduce the amount of introductory sentence and words. Also to rearrange the order of the some fact to keep the paragraph in flow. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Yliu929 (talk • contribs) 21:22, 18 November 2015 (UTC)[reply]

  1. ^ Powell, Stephen M. (January 2006). "My copilot is a nurse—Using crew resource management in the OR". AORN journal. 83 (1): 178-202.
  2. ^ Powell, Stephen M. (January 2006). "My copilot is a nurse—Using crew resource management in the OR". AORN journal. 83 (1): 178-202.
  3. ^ MacIntyre, P.D. (March 1996). "Personality, Attitudes, and Affect as Predictors of Second Language Communication". Journal of language and social psychology. 15 (1): 3-26.
  4. ^ Pilot-Controller Communication Errors: An Analysis of Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) Reports. Cambridge: Research and Special Programs Administration john A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center. August 1998. p. VII.
  5. ^ Skaltsas, Gerasimos (March 2013). "n analysis of air traffic controller-pilot miscommunication in the NextGen environment". Journal of air transport management: 46-51.
  6. ^ Gillespie, Brigid M. (May 2012). "Interruptions and Miscommunications in Surgery: An Observational Study". AORN journal. 95 (5): 576-590.
  7. ^ Bowles, Hugo (January 2014). "How about getting those guys in the tower to speak English? Miscommunication, ELF and Aviation Safety". Textus: 85-100.
  8. ^ Mattson, M (2001). "Integrating safety in the aviation system: Interdepartmental training for pilots and maintenance technicians". Journal of air transportation world wide. 6 (1): 37-63.
  9. ^ Powell, Stephen M. (January 2006). "My copilot is a nurse—Using crew resource management in the OR". AORN journal. 83 (1): 178-202.
  10. ^ Helmreich, R; Davies, J (2004). "Culture, threat, and error: Lessons from aviation". Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia: R1-R4.
  11. ^ Tiewtrakul, T.; Fletcher, S.R. (February 2010). "The challenge of regional accents for aviation English language proficiency standards: A study of difficulties in understanding in air traffic control–pilot communications". Ergonomics: 229-239.
  12. ^ Talburt, Susan; Stewart, Melissa (Dec 17, 2002). "What's the Subject of Study Abroad?:Race, Gender, and "Living Culture"". The modern language journal: 173.
  13. ^ Trippe, Julia; Pederson, Eric (2013). "Prosodic profile of American Aviation English". The journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 134 (5).
  14. ^ Ragan, Peter H. (Winter 1997). "Aviation English: An Introduction". Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research. 7: 25-36.
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