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Sobriety is the condition of not having any measurable levels, or effects from, alcohol or other drugs that alter ones mood or behaviors. According to WHO "Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms..." sobriety is continued abstinence from alcohol and psychoactive drug use. [1] While from point of view of combined medical and pshychological approach sobriety is also defined as natural state of a human being, given to him or her at a birth and consisting of full independence from both consuming in fact alcohol, tobacco or other drugs as well as from being subconsciously programmed for consuming this substances. In this case the term sobriety is distinguished from certain psychologically conditioned states named abstinence when a human being does not consume any drugs (abstains) however he or she has a strong or weaker desire to consume them. I.e. in this classification an abstainer is subconsciously programmed for consuming a drug, but at some reason does not do it (e.g. having no possibility for some reason, at a medical or legal concern).[2] The word has more specific meanings within specific contexts, such as the culture of Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12 step programs, law enforcement, and some schools of psychology. In this case sobriety implies achieving "life balance" and some other conditions. [3]
Alcoholics Anonymous
[edit]Sobriety in this context may refer to being immediately clear of any intoxicating substances, or simply the specific substance that is the concern of the specific 12 step program (alcohol, opiates, marijuana, tobacco). "Clean and sober" is a commonly used phrase, which refers to someone having an extended period of alcohol and other drug (AOD) sobriety, often a minimum of six months.
The 12 step program that Alcoholics Anonymous follow is shown below:
- We admit that we are powerless over alcohol- that our lives had become unmanageable.
- Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.
- Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him.
- Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves.
- Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs.
- We're entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character.
- Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcomings.
- Made a list of all persons we had harmed, and became willing to make amends to them all.
- Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others.
- Continued to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly admitted it.
- Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God, as we understood Him, praying only for knowledge of His will for us and the power to carry that out.
- Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these Steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs.[4]
Law Enforcement
[edit]Field sobriety tests are the main way in which Law Enforcment test for sobriety in a suspected drunk driver.. These tests are completely at the officer’s discretion. These tests are known as the “standardized field sobriety tests”[5]. Standardized tests that can be performed include:
- One-leg stand test
- Walk and turn test
- HGN (eye) test (horizontal gaze nystagmus test)
Non-Standardized tests include:
- Rhomberg balance test
- Finger-to-nose test
- Finger-count test
- Hand pat test
- ABC test
- Numbers backwards test
As with everything that involves human contact, these tests are not perfect and rely completely on the officer’s discretion. There are many factors that can lead to an inaccurate test; these include weight issues, leg problems, and fatigue. [6]
Famous Sober People
[edit]- Bobby Hatfield of the Righteous Brothers[7]
- Johnny Cash[8]
- Phil Lynott of Thin Lizzy[9]
- Jackson Pollock[10]
- Sir Anthony Hopkins[11]
- Bon Scott of AC/DC[12]
- Gary Rossington guitarist for Lynard Skynard[13]
- Keith Urban[14]
References
[edit]- ^ Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms published by the World Health Organization
- ^ “Scientific grounding for sobriety: Western experience." MD Basharin K.G., Yakutsk State University
- ^ "TWELVE STEPS and TWELVE TRADITIONS"
- ^ Anonymous, Alcholics. "The Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous" (PDF). Retrieved 8 July 2011.
- ^ "Field Sobriety Tests". Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- ^ "Georgia Walk and Turn Test".
- ^ "Clean and Sober, NOT DEAD". Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ "Clean and Sober, NOT DEAD". Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ "Clean and Sober, NOT DEAD". Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ "Clean and Sober, NOT DEAD". Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ "Clean and Sober, NOT DEAD". Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ "Clean and Sober, NOT DEAD". Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ "Clean and Sober, NOT DEAD". Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ "Clean and Sober, NOT DEAD". Retrieved 9 July 2011.
See also
[edit]Links
[edit]- Sobriety information website and forum for Alcoholics and Narcotics Anonymous
- Wiktionary on the word
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