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Hurricane Ida
Ida making landfall near Port Fourchon, Louisiana shortly after peak intensity early on August 29
Meteorological history
DurationAugust 29–30, 2021
Category 4 major hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds150 mph (240 km/h)
Lowest pressure931 mbar (hPa); 27.49 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities30 (4 direct, 26 indirect)
Damage$55 billion (2021 USD)
Areas affectedLouisiana
Part of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season
Effects

Other wikis

Hurricane Ida caused major destruction in Louisiana. It is tied with Hurricane Laura and the 1856 Last Island hurricane as the strongest hurricane to make landfall on Louisiana in terms of windspeed.

Background

[edit]

Preparations

[edit]
The Louisiana National Guard making preparations for the storm

On August 27, the preseason NFL football game for the Arizona Cardinals and New Orleans Saints, originally scheduled for the next day at Caesars Superdome, was cancelled due to the storm's forecast of being a major hurricane at the time of its landfall. Before this, the game's start was moved to noon CDT from the originally scheduled 7 PM CDT.[1][2][3] Governor John Bel Edwards declared a state of emergency in response to the storm.[4] On August 28, New Orleans mayor LaToya Cantrell issued a mandatory evacuation for all parts of the city which are outside of its flood protections area.[5] That same day, President Joe Biden signed an emergency declaration for Louisiana ahead of the storm.[6]

In a briefing that was held on August 28, one day prior to landfall, Edwards anticipated Ida to be one of the strongest hurricanes to affect the state since the 1850s.[7] The Governor also mentioned the levee system in New Orleans, saying Ida "will be the most severe test of that system".[8] This comes after the 2005 levee failures in Greater New Orleans during Katrina.[9] The state's hospital capacities were of concern, due to them already being pushed to near full capacity from the COVID-19 surge that was ongoing at the time. Victims of Ida were expected to fill hospitals in affected areas.[10]

Impact

[edit]
Hurricane Ida at landfall in Port Fourchon, Louisiana, on August 29; an outer eyewall can be seen surrounding the inner eyewall.

Severe damage was recorded across the coastal areas of Louisiana, including in New Orleans, Golden Meadow, Houma, Galliano, LaPlace, Lockport and Grand Isle.[11][12] In Houma, whiteout conditions were recorded, with flying debris and many houses damaged or destroyed.[13][14] Wireless services were knocked out temporarily.[15] An urgent flood warning was issued for Braithwaite when one of the levees was overtopped.[16][17] In Galliano, many homes were destroyed, trees were uprooted, cars overturned and power lines brought down.[18] The Lady of the Sea General Hospital in Galliano was damaged, losing a significant amount of the roof.[19][11]

Significant damage was recorded in the French Quarter in New Orleans, including destroyed roofs and building collapses.[11] The historic Karnofsky Shop collapsed.[20] All of New Orleans lost electricity,[21] as well as a significant portion of Jefferson Parish,[22] after a 400-foot tower owned by Entergy and Entergy New Orleans located near the Avondale Shipyard on the Westbank collapsed under its own weight.[23] The collapse caused major damage to eight major feeder transmission lines when they fell into the Mississippi River.[24] While power was restored to some neighborhoods 10 days after the "catastrophic failure", some neighborhoods waited significantly longer. The incident has prompted several investigations.[25]

There were at least 10 deaths due to heat related factors directly related to the power outage within New Orleans, including noted photographer Laura Bergerol and several residents in senior housing apartment developments.[26] Approximately one million people throughout the state were left without power.[27] Two drowning deaths were reported, including a man who drowned in New Orleans after attempting to drive his vehicle through floodwater.[28][29]

One of the ferries used on the Lower Algiers-Chalmette route across the Mississippi River broke free of its mooring during the hurricane, drifted up the river, and then ran aground.[30] One of the sections of the Gulf Outlet Dam was overtopped by the storm surge.[31] The USGS recorded the Mississippi River near Belle Chase flowing in reverse due to the volume of the surge.[32][33] The St. Stephen Catholic School in New Orleans lost its roof.[34]

After the storm had passed, nearly all of the oil production along the Gulf Coast was shut down. Thousands of emergency crew members were deployed in Louisiana, and hundreds of residents were rescued.[35] Power outages in the most heavily affected areas were expected to last for up to a month. States of emergency were declared for Louisiana and portions of the Northeast. Several sporting events were also moved, delayed, or cancelled due to the storm.

An anemometer in Grand Isle recorded a gust of 148 mph (238 km/h) before being destroyed.[36][37] In Prairieville, a man was killed when a tree fell on his home during the hurricane.[28][38] An anemometer in Port Fourchon recorded a gust of 172 mph (277 km/h) when Ida came ashore.[39]

Major damage was reported in Jefferson Parish.[40] On August 30, insured damage was estimated to be at least $15 billion.[41] Outside the post-Katrina flood protection system, eight feet (2.4 m) of water overtopped levees in lower Jefferson Parish [42] forcing residents in Lafitte to flee to their rooftops to escape floodwaters.[43] Entergy shut down the Waterford Nuclear Generating Station due to off-site electrical power being lost. Separate energy from emergency diesel generators was used to maintain safe shutdown conditions. The lowest level of alert, "unusual event", was issued. There were no reports of significant equipment damage.[44][45] Two weak tornadoes, rated EF1 and EF0, struck Eden Isle just south of Slidell, Louisiana, damaging roofs, fences and trees.[46] Two days later in Slidell itself, a 71-year-old man was presumed dead after being mauled by an alligator while walking through floodwaters near his home.[47][48] On September 13, the alligator was captured and killed by state authorities. Human remains were recovered from inside the alligator's stomach.[49]

Aerial photos and footage was released, which showed large-scale destruction, debris, and flooding throughout affected areas.[50][51] On August 31, a 24-year-old man was found dead in Uptown New Orleans. The cause of death was assumed to be carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. The next day, in the same city, 12 people, including 7 children, were hospitalized due to CO poisoning. Three additional CO poisoning deaths were reported on September 2 in Jefferson Parish.[29] In nearby St. Tammany Parish, nine people were hospitalized from the same cause.[52]

Rainfall totals in the US.

Much of Southeastern Louisiana was devastated by storm surge inundation, which was estimated to be over 6 feet (1.8 m) in many areas. Plaquemines Parish on the east bank of Mississippi River had an estimated storm surge value of at least 14 feet (4.3 m). Grand Isle, which was located just east of the landfall point of Ida, was struck by 10.2 feet (3.1 m) and was rendered uninhabitable after the storm.[53] Up to 12 breaks in its sand levee led to 100% of structures being damaged, with 40% being completely destroyed, or being blocked by piles of debris, and electrical lines were toppled and buried. Parts of the island were covered by up to 3 feet (0.91 m) of sand. The police station was affected, with the roof being torn apart. The chief, Scooter Resweber, called it the "most severe hurricane" he had ever experienced.[54] A St. James Parish man was killed after his backyard shed fell on top of him during Hurricane Ida's heavy winds.[55] Four storm-related deaths were also reported in Tangipahoa Parish among nursing home residents evacuated during Hurricane Ida.[56] As a result of power outages one person died in New Orleans due to heat exhaustion and another person died from a lack of oxygen in St. Tammany Parish.[57][58] One person also died after falling from a roof while making damage repairs.[58] Total damage to agriculture was estimated at up to $584 million.[59]

On September 7, it was reported that 4 people had died and another 141 people had been hospitalized in the state of Louisiana, due to carbon monoxide poisoning following Ida. According to the Louisiana Department of Health, these deaths were caused by power generators being used indoors, amid power outages following the devastation of the hurricane. The recommendations for using the power generators are to place the generations at least 20 feet (6.1 m) away from homes, and for a carbon monoxide detector or alarm to be set up immediately.[60]

A week after the storm, over a million people in southeast Louisiana were still without power. By the end of September 2021, approximately 90% of the state's power had been restored with the exception of heavily damaged grids from areas closest to the Gulf of Mexico.[61][needs update]

Aftermath

[edit]

Recovering from the massive blackout in New Orleans was originally estimated to take weeks [27] but most power was restored within 10 days[62] by repairing a transmission line from Slidell and bringing the New Orleans Power Station online in tandem.[63] The Massachusetts Task Force sent an 80-member team to Baton Rouge to help with the impacts of Ida on August 29. The team was composed of emergency medical technicians, doctors, structure, communication and logistics specialists, and emergency room technicians, among others.[64] People in lower-income communities affected by Ida had trouble affording to leave.[65] States such as Texas[66] and South Carolina[67] and national non-profits also gathered donations to distribute to victims and to help in the search and rescue operations.

U.S. President Joe Biden meets with residents of LaPlace, Louisiana on September 3

Over 5,000 national guard members were deployed, and more than 25,000 workers nationwide came in support of recovery efforts. U.S. President Joe Biden declared a major disaster in the state, which allowed for extra funding and recovery. Sweltering weather conditions following Ida worsened the living quality of many surviving residents without power and food. More than 2 million were placed under heat advisories after Ida passed. Officials said that power may not be restored to some for up to a month, a delay that could be life-threatening because of intense heat.[68]

The Louisiana National Guard activated 4,900 guard personnel, and dispatched about 200 high-water vehicles, along with more than 70 rescue boats and 30 helicopters. By the afternoon of August 30, 191 people and 27 pets were rescued after crews checked 400 homes. Governor John Bel Edwards said the damage was "catastrophic" and that officials believe the death toll "could rise considerably".[69] Tulane University announced plans to evacuate its campus of all remaining students and to take them to Houston. Many people fled to stores to get food and water, and to gas stations to get fuel.[15] John Bel Edwards said in a preliminary survey of the state's levees that they worked as intended and held water out.[70]

On August 30, it was announced that the college football game between Tulane and Oklahoma scheduled for September 4 was being moved from New Orleans to Norman, Oklahoma, although Tulane would still be considered the home team.[71] On September 3, Tulane's second home game against Morgan State scheduled for September 11 was moved to Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. Tulane volleyball's tournament scheduled for September 17–18 against UAB, Sam Houston and Texas Tech was also moved to Birmingham with inside UAB's Bartow Arena. All fans were allowed to attend the two events free of charge.[72] On August 31, the New Orleans Saints announced they were planning to use an interim facility in the Dallas-Fort Worth area for the first four weeks of the 2021 NFL season.[73] The next day, their season opener against the Green Bay Packers on September 12 was moved to TIAA Bank Field in Jacksonville, Florida.[74]

See also

[edit]
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  29. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference JonesLDH4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  53. ^ Cite error: The named reference IdaTCR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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