User:Zoejerome/sandbox

I found this paragraph as the intro paragraph to the 'Criticisms' section of a page on nationalism. I felt like because it was a criticisms section, the original author got a little carried with such a biased point a few. Certain sentences made it sounds like nationalism does in fact do the things that critics claim that it does. I rewrote just about every sentence to make it more clear that this is the way some people view nationalism rather than stating that making it seem like these biased opinions were the truth.

Pregnancy Options Counseling

Pregnancy options counseling is a form of counseling available to woman who had an unintended or unwanted pregnancy. Limited access to birth control and family planning resources, as well as misuse of birth control are some of the major contributing factors to unintended pregnancies. In 2012, the global rate of unintended pregnancies was estimated to be 40 percent, or eighty-five million pregnancies. Of these unplanned pregnancies 50 percent ended in abortion, 38 percent ended in birth, and 13 percent ended in miscarriage (ncbi). 

Pregnancy options counselors educate women about the different options that are available and help guide them to a decision on how to proceed with their pregnancy. The information they present is unbiased. They neither encourage or discourage a woman’s particular decision, nor should they profit from the woman’s choice. A counselor’s job is simply to present information about each of the options non-judgmentally, then help the woman explore her feelings and come to a decision that fits her best based on her values, culture, future plans, etc. 

Abortion

Prevalence 

One option that a woman with an unplanned pregnancy might consider is abortion, the deliberate termination of a pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 40-50 million abortions are performed worldwide each year (worldmeters). About 20 million of these abortions are considered unsafe and result in around 67,000 deaths each year (nytimes). Abortion rates are similar across countries despite it being legal in come and illegal in others. Abortions are also found to be safer in countries where it is legal, and more dangerous in countries where it is outlawed (NYtimes). A woman’s pregnancy options in regards to abortion would be presented differently by her counselor, depending on the country they are in. The Mexico City Policy is an example of governments restricting this aspect of pregnancy options counseling.

World Wide Abortion Policies

Different countries have different abortion policies depending on the extent to which the unplanned pregnancy is affecting mother and baby. 96 percent of countries allow abortions to save the woman’s life, while only 6 countries in the world do not permit the termination of a pregnancy under any circumstance. That’s 3%of the worlds countries that don't allow abortion at all. Then there are 50 countries (26%) that allow an abortion only if it is to save the mother’s life, 82 countries (42%) that allow abortion to save the mother’s life or for at least one of the following reasons: to preserve the woman’s physical health, to preserve the woman’s mental health, in the case of rape or incest, to avoid fetal impairment, or for economic or social reasons. Lastly, 58 countries (30%) allow abortions on request for any reason, though these countries usually don’t allow the pregnancy to be terminated after a certain amount of time has passed in the pregnancy (Pew). 

unknown title

Abortion can be a controversial topic. Should a pregnant woman’s country allow her to get an abortion, a pregnancy counselor would help her to address the tough questions that might arise. Once a woman has decided on abortion, there are two ways in which one can be induced. The first type of abortion is a medical abortion that involves the use of drugs. This option is only feasible within the first 9 weeks of pregnancy. After that, the only other option is a surgical abortion which involves the removal of the placenta and fetus.

Adoption

- Types of  adoption

(open vs closed)

- Adoption laws

Choosing to parent

- Prenatal Care

Contraception?

Sources:

http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/10/06/how-abortion-is-regulated-around-the-world/

http://www.contracept.org/options-counseling.php

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4727534/

http://www.worldometers.info/abortions/

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/12/world/12abortion.html

Questions:

Formatting. How do I get the wiki titles, subsections, etc.?

How/when do I make certain terms 'clickable'?

Should I add information about contraception or is that irrelevant to this topic?

Pregnancy Options Counseling

Pregnancy options counseling is a form of counseling available to woman who have an unintended or unwanted pregnancy. Limited access to birth control and family planning resources, as well as misuse of birth control are some of the major contributing factors to unintended pregnancies. In 2012, the global rate of unintended pregnancies was estimated to be 40 percent, or eighty-five million pregnancies. Of these unplanned pregnancies 50 percent ended in abortion, 38 percent ended in birth, and 13 percent ended in miscarriage. 

Pregnancy options counselors educate women about the different options that are available and help guide them to a decision on how to proceed with their pregnancy. The options include abortion, adoption, or choosing to parent. The information that counselors present about each of these three options is unbiased. There are cases, however, where fake clinics are set up by people who are anti-abortion. They often don’t give women all of their options and try trick or pressure women out of an abortion. The job of a pregnancy options counselor is to neither encourage nor discourage a woman’s particular decision, nor do they profit from the woman’s choice. Rather, they present information about each of the options non-judgmentally, then help the woman explore her feelings and come to a decision that fits her best based on her values, culture, future plans, etc. 

Abortion

Prevalence 

One option that a woman with an unplanned pregnancy has to consider is abortion, the deliberate termination of a pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 40-50 million abortions are performed worldwide each year. About 20 million of these abortions are considered unsafe and result in around 67,000 deaths each year. Abortion rates are similar across countries despite it being legal in some and illegal in others. In other words, just as many woman get abortions in countries where it's illegal as in countries where it's legal. The only difference being that they proceed with illegal abortions, which are more likely to be provided under unsafe conditions by poorly trained providers. A woman’s pregnancy options in regards to abortion would be presented differently by her counselor, depending on the country they are in.

World Wide Abortion Policies

Different countries have different abortion policies, which are based on the extent to which the unplanned pregnancy is affecting mother and baby. 96 percent of countries allow abortions to save a woman who’s life is at risk. Only 6 countries in the world do not permit the termination of a pregnancy under any circumstance. That’s 3%of the worlds countries that don't allow abortion at all. Then there are 50 countries (26%) that allow an abortion only if it is to save the mother’s life, 82 countries (42%) that allow abortion to save the mother’s life or for at least one of the following reasons: to preserve the woman’s physical health, to preserve the woman’s mental health, in the case of rape or incest, to avoid fetal impairment, or for economic or social reasons. Lastly, 58 countries (30%) allow abortions on request for any reason, though these countries usually don’t allow the pregnancy to be terminated after a certain amount of time has passed in the pregnancy. 

Types of Abortion

Should a pregnant woman’s country allow her to get an abortion, a pregnancy counselor would help her to address the tough questions that might arise and give her information on they types of abortion. Once a woman has decided on abortion, there are two ways in which one can be induced. The first type of abortion is a medical abortion that involves the use of drugs. This option is only feasible within the first 9 weeks of pregnancy. After that, the only other option is a surgical abortion which involves the removal of the placenta and fetus.

Adoption

Adoption is a permanent, legal transfer of parental rights and responsibilities from  child’s birth parents to the adoptive parents. Pregnant women looking to place their child up for adoption have many options as to how much involvement they wish to have in choosing the adoptive parents and to some degree. Nonetheless, birthmothers choosing to put their child up for adoption are legally terminating their parental rights to the child. Adoption laws differ state by state; adoption agencies, counselors, and lawyers can be used to provide information to the birth parents and adoptive parents about this process.

Types of Adoption

There are two general types of adoption to chose from: closed adoption, and open adoption. Closed adoptions are when the birthmother and adoptive parents have no contact with one another. In this case, the records of the biological parents are kept sealed. Closed adoptions are becoming less common within the United States but are still prevalent in international adoptions. Open adoptions occur when the biological mother and adoptive parents chose to keep in touch, though the amount and type of contact varies case by case, depending on what both parties agree on.

Choosing to parent

Prenatal Care

If a pregnant woman seeking pregnancy options counseling is considering completing her pregnancy, whether it be in the case of adoption or that she is choosing to parent, her next step would be to start prenatal care. Prenatal care is a type of preventative healthcare which serves to prevent potential health problems and promote a healthy lifestyle during the pregnancy.

Lifestyle Changes

If a mother choses to parent her child, she should also expect to make some lifestyle changes to ensure the health and safety of her unborn child. The suggested lifestyle changes include stopping the consumption of caffeine, alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, recreational drugs, and prescription drugs. The mother is also encouraged to have a healthy diet and excursive regularly.