User:Wtmitchell/sandbox
Sandbox for a Pacification of Batangas article.
- some source links
- Michael, Daniel (December 2017). James Franklin Bell : hard war in the Philippines (Master of Arts in History thesis). Louisville, Kentucky: University of Louisville.
- Ramsey, Robert D. III (2007). A Masterpiece of Counterguerrilla Warfare | BG J. Franklin Bell in the Philippines 1901-1902 (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center. ISBN 978-0-16-079503-9.
- Bruno, Thomas A. (March 25, 2010). Ending an Insurgency Violently | The Samar and Batangas Punitive Campaigns (PDF) (Report). U.S. Army War College.
- "Fair Warfarc | Conducted by our forces in the Philippines | The Famous Order No, 100". The Wilmington NC Messenger. May 8, 1902.
- "Pacifying the Philippines". Weapons and Warfare. April 4, 2020.
- Andrews, Frank L. (2002). The Philippine Insurrection (1899-1902) | development of the U.S. Army's counterinsurgency policy (Master of Arts in Liberal Arts thesis). Louisiana State University. pp. 60–64.
| Pacification of Batangas | |
|---|---|
| Part of Philippine–American War | |
| Location | |
| Planned by | General J. Franklin Bell |
| Commanded by | General Adna Chaffee |
| Objective | Neutralize rogue guerilla force following conclusion of general hostilities |
| Date | April 16, 1902 (UTC+6) |
| Executed by | U.S. Army, U.S. Marines |
| Outcome | Objective achieved but with significant collateral damage and noncombatant casualties |
| Casualties | <> |
The Pacification of Batangas was an operation initiated by General Adna Chaffee following the Balangiga massacre incident. General hostilities in the Philippine-American War had largely ceased following the capture of Emilio Aguinaldo, president of the insurgent Philippine Republic, and his publication of a manifesto on April 19, 1901 acknowledging and accepting U.S. sovereignty throughout the Philippines.[1]
Rather than surrender, General [Miguel Malvar]] assumed command of of Filipino forces in southern Luzon, reorganized them, renamed the combined armed forces as "Army of Liberation"" and continued pursuing guerilla warfare against Americans. In September, in an action that has come to be known as the Balangiga massacre, guerilla forces in Samar, assisted by townspeople in a surprise uprising, inflicted 54 killed and 18 wounded on a U.S. Army company garrisoning that town.[2] Following this, General James Franklin Bell was tasked with the pacification of southern Luzon.[citation needed]got this far
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Today in Filipino History, April 19, 1901, Aguinaldo issued Peace Manifesto after his capture and after his Oath of Allegiance to the United States". Office of the Military Governor in the Philippine Islands. n.d. [April 19, 1901]. Retrieved September 19, 2024.
- ^ Multiple sources, including:
- Taylor, James O. (1931). The Massacre of Balangiga: Being an Authentic Account by Several of the Few Survivors. McCarn Printing Company.
- Borrinaga, Rolando O. (2003). The Balangiga Conflict Revisited. New Day Publishers. pp. 114, 194, 197. ISBN 978-971-10-1090-4.
- Linn, Brian McAllister (2000), "Samar", The Philippine War, 1899–1902, University Press of Kansas, pp. 306–321, doi:10.2307/j.ctvgs0c6m, ISBN 9780700612253, JSTOR j.ctvgs0c6m – via Jstor
Bibliography
[edit]- Miller, Stuart Creighton (1982). "Benevolent Assimilation": The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-16193-9.