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PLEASE NOTE. As of April,21 2012 this page is strictly a private endevour; without any intention to merge it back into the original article<

Naming and registration

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Until modern times, horse breeds throughout Europe were known primarily by the name of the region where they were bred.[1] Thus the original term "Andalusian" simply described the horses of distinct quality that came from Andalusia in Spain.[2] Similarly, the Lusitano, a Portuguese horse very similar to the Andalusian, takes its name from Lusitania,[1] an ancient Roman name for Portugal.

The Andalusian horse has been known historically as the Iberian Saddle Horse, Iberian War Horse, Spanish Horse, Portuguese, Peninsular, Extremeno, Villanos, Zapata, Zamaranos[3] and Jennet.[4] The Portuguese name refers to what is now the Lusitano, while the Peninsular, Iberian Saddle Horse and Iberian War Horse names refer to horses from the Iberian Peninsula as a whole. The Extremeno name refers to Spanish horses from the Extremadura province of Spain and the Zapata or Zapatero name to horses that come from the Zapata family stud. The Villano name has occasionally been applied to modern Andalusians, but originally referred to heavy, crossbred horses from the mountains north of Jaen.[5] The Carthusian horse, also known as the Carthusian-Andalusian and the Cartujano, is a sub-type of the Andalusian, rather than a distinct breed in itself.[6] A common nickname for the Andalusian is the "Horse of Kings".[7] Some sources state that the Andalusian and the Lusitano are genetically the same, differing only in the country of origin of individual horses.[8]

A Pure Spanish Horse


Pure Spanish Horse

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The name Pura Raza Española (PRE), translated as "Pure Spanish Horse," is the legal term used in Spain for the breed since,at least, the inception of the Stud Book in 1912.[9] Spanish authorities insist in the sole formal / commercial usage of the term for registered horses [10] [11].

The Spanish PRE Stud Book is formally closed, and subject to morphological evaluation for breeders since 1943 [9]. Registration in the Spanish Stud Book is open to foreing bred horses, subject to the same conditions as spanish born[11]

The PRE Stud Book (as for other breeds) was managed in Spain from 1912 till 2007 by the Remonta y Cria Caballar (Sire and Horse Breeding) unit of the Spanish Army [9]. From 2007 management was ceded to the ANCCE (Asociacion Nacional de Criadores de Caballos Españoles; National Association of Spanish Horse Breeders), a voluntary association of breeders [12]. For worldwide registration services ANCCE mantain a series of associated entities in several foreing countries; for instance, the United States PRE association affiliated with ANCCE, is the US PRE Association (USPREA) [13];[14]


Alternate Registrars

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The 2007 change of control of the Stud Book, has not been uncontested. In the USA first, and latter worldwide, the Foundation for the Pure Spanish Horse or PRE Mundial has started an alternate registry, with the same regulations and norms as were in place before 2007 in Spain [15]. This organization is trying, thru ongoing (As of August 2011) litigation to be recognized as a complementary registrar to the Spanish PRE Stud book in addition to ANCCE .[16] [17] [18]

In addition to this, in certain jurisdictions, there exist, prior to 2007, alternate and independent registrars of horses of PRE origin. They follow their own norms and procedures. One example of this is the International Andalusian and Lusitano Horse Association (IALHA), claimed to have the largest membership of any Andalusian registering organization in the US.[19]. Under this organization, the breeding, showing, and registration of both the Andalusian and Lusitano, and their crosses are controlled by the same registries.

In Australasia, the Australasia Andalusian Association registers Andalusians (which the registry considers an interchangeable term for PRE), Australian Andalusians, and partbred Andalusians. They share responsibility for the Purebred Iberian Horse (an Andalusian/Lusitano cross) with the Lusitano Association of Australasia.[20] In the Australian registry, there are various levels of crossbred horses. A first cross Andalusian is a crossbreed that is 50 percent Andalusian, while a second cross Andalusian is the result of crossing a purebred Andalusian with a first cross – resulting in a horse of 75 percent Andalusian blood. A third cross, also known by the registry as an Australian Andalusian, is when a second cross individual is mated with a foundation Andalusian mare. This sequence is known as a "breeding up" program by the registry.[21]



  1. ^ a b Bennett, Conquerors, p. 158
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Bennett159 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ "Andalusian". Breeds of Livestock. Oklahoma State University. Archived from the original on 2009-04-10. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
  4. ^ Walker and Summerhays Summerhays' Encyclopaedia for Horsemen p. 7
  5. ^ Loch, The Royal Horse of Europe, pp. 30–34
  6. ^ "Carthusian". Breeds of Livestock. Oklahoma State University. Archived from the original on 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  7. ^ Price, Barbara (October 22, 2008). "Iberian Horses Wow Crowds at IALHA National Championship Show in Fort Worth". United States Equestrian Federation. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
  8. ^ Stephens, Stephanie (July/August 2005). "Dressage:Superlative Alternatives" (PDF). Equestrian: 65–66. Retrieved 2009-06-26. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ a b c Sanchez Malo, Col. Fco. Javier (March, 1995). "Chapter 3: El Caballo PRE en el Registro Matricula de caballos y yeguas de pura raza". In Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca (ed.). El Caballo Español. http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/servicios/publicaciones/detalle/49898.html: Junta de Andalucia. pp. 35–56. ISBN 8489802070. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help); Check date values in: |date= (help); External link in |location= (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
  10. ^ http://aplicaciones.magrama.es/arca-webapp/flujos.html?_flowId=razaCaballar-flow&_flowExecutionKey=e2s1
  11. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference ANCCE was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ "Libro Genealogico". ANCCE. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
  13. ^ "About". United States PRE Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  14. ^ A current list worlwide might be found at list of associations
  15. ^ "P.R.E. Mundial Defined". Foundation for the Pure Spanish Horse. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
  16. ^ "UCCE Press Release" (PDF). The Foundation for the Pure Spanish Horse. August 1, 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-01.
  17. ^ "Brussels Court Declares Certain Actions Illegal". Ecuestre. May 2009.
  18. ^ "Spain Denounces PRE Mundial". United States PRE Association. March 14, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-29.
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference IMH was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ "Homepage". Andalusian Horse Association of Australasia. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
  21. ^ "The AHAA Stud Book for the Pure Spanish Horse". Andalusian Association of Australasia. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
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