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Eberhard Grisebach (1880–1945)

Portrait of Eberhard Grisebach by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner in 1917

Eberhard Grisebach portrayed by Edvard Munch in 1932

Eberhard Grisebach (27 February 1880 in Hanover; † 16 July 1945 in Zurich) a German philosopher who, through his friendship with Friedrich Gogarten (1887–1967), alongside Karl Barth (1886–1968), a founder of the so-called 'Dialectical Theology', and as a co-discoverer and co-founder of the so-called dialogical Ich-Du philosophy, he helped to stimulate the philosophical and theological discussion of the 1920s and 1930s.

Origin

Grisebach is the name of an official family originally from Pomerania and verifiable in Hanover since 1647. His parents were the government vice president Rudolf Grisebach (1838-1910) and his wife Marie Karoline Hedwig von Harnier (1857-1883), a daughter of the MP Adolf von Harnier . Eberhard Grisebach was a nephew of the literary scholar Eduard Grisebach (1845-1906) and the architect Hans Grisebach (1848-1904). The age-old art historian August Grisebach (1881-1950) was his cousin, the Berlin architect Helmuth Grisebach (1883-1970) his younger brother. His oldest of five children was the famous Siegerland painter Lothar Grisebach,

Life

Eberhard Grisebach attended the princely school in Wernigerode am Harz, where his father Rudolf Grisebach had been the chamber president of the prince of Stollberg-Wernigerode since 1890. In 1900 he went to study architecture at the Technical University of Darmstadt. From 1901 to 1903 he studied at the Technical University in Charlottenburg , but also heard at the University of Berlin the art historian Heinrich Wölfflin (1864-1945), with whom he had a deep friendship throughout his life.

Because of a tuberculosis illness he spent the years 1904 to 1909 in Davos, Switzerland . There he married Lotte Spengler in 1909, daughter of the pulmonologist Lucius Spengler . During these years of idleness and inactivity that gave his life a decisive turn, he struggled to think about questions of human community. It was from this drive that he began studying philosophy with Rudolf Eucken at the University of Jena in 1909 , which he completed in 1910 with a dissertation on culture as form formation .

In 1913 he obtained university teaching qualifications through his postdoctoral thesis on contemporary cultural work in Jena. He taught philosophy there from 1922 as an extraordinary professor. In 1931 he was appointed to the Chair of Philosophy, Pedagogy and Psychology at the University of Zurich.

He was overtaken by death in 1945 in the middle of his philosophical work in Switzerland.

Think

Eberhard Grisebach's philosophical thinking was initially very strongly influenced and shaped by his teacher Rudolf Eucken, who was researching at the university in Jena at the time and later won the Nobel Prize for Literature. At the beginning of the 20th century, Rudolf Eucken (1846–1926) was considered to be one of the leading German-speaking philosophers who, in the succession and at the same time, in his own time, removed Kant's endeavors to determine a so-called neo-idealism based on knowledge and experience , Grisebach's Culture as Form Formation , 1910, walked entirely on the path set by his philosophical teacher. But already in his postdoctoral thesis on contemporary cultural philosophy, 1913, he largely, aesthetically determined, set himself apart from his former philosophical teacher Rudolf Eucken by thinking with Wilhelm Diltheys (1833–1911), Georg Simmel (1858–1918) and Heinrich Rickerts (1863–1936), one of the reviewers of Martin Heidegger's habilitation thesis(1889-1976), critically examined. For Grisebach, however, the term leading to knowledge was already the concept of life, the definition of which, understood as pedagogical and ethical, was "in the broadest sense the most distinguished task of philosophy". It is already evident in this early writing by Grisebach that he intends to transform the epistemological question of reality into an ethical question of the reality of the intention to act. In a series of writings, of which problems in particular, he won a complete distance from the neoidealistic position of his former teacher Rudolf Eucken, which made the ethical, and thus also the pedagogical, seem unreal, and was therefore no longer acceptable to Grisebach Real Education , 1923, andThe limits of the educator and his responsibility , 1924, are to be mentioned. Grisebach's main work, Present , 1928, is an expression of a startling thought to "shake any self-certainty of an allegedly ethical knowledge" (Meyer 1966, 98).

Writings

• Culture as Form Formation. Verlag Thomas & Hubert. Weida Thuringia 1910. 68 pages. Philosophical dissertation with Rudolf Eucken, University of Jena, 1910.
• Cultural-philosophical work of the present. A synthetic representation of their particular mindsets. Verlag Thomas & Hubert. Weida Thuringia 1913. 136 pages. Habilitation thesis, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Jena, 1914.
• Truth and realities. Design for a metaphysical system. Max Niemeyer publishing house. Halle Saale 1919. X, 384 pages. Review: August Messer. In: German literary newspaper . 1920. Numbers 19-21.
• The school of the mind. Max Niemeyer publishing house. Halle Saale 1921. 48 pages. Dedicated to Friedrich Dannenberg and Friedrich Gogarten. Contents: 1 foreword. 2 First book. The floor plan of education. 3 Second book. The structure of the educational institution. 4 Third book. Education for education.
• Knowledge and belief. Speech to determine the limits of knowledge [,] held at the invitation of the Kantgesellschaft Ortsgruppe Basel. Max Niemeyer publishing house. Halle Saale 1923. 48 pages. Contents: 1 foreword. 2 Introduction. Development of the problem. 3 The subject of knowledge and the inapplicability of identity. 4 The temptations of the knower. 5 The ethical phrase and the question of the real law. 6 Georg Simmel's attempt to solve it. 7 The proposition of real contradiction as a principle of ethics. 8 Applying this sentence to thinking. 9 Application of contradiction to the principles. 10. The resulting concrete value. The Community. 11 The consequences of the emanence of the real ground for knowledge. 12 Faith. 13 conclusion. The results of methodical reflection. Explanation: Grisebach delivered his speech, which he had printed in 1923, on October 27, 1922. The content presented is intended to immediately follow his publication Die Schule des Geistes, Halle Saale 1921, which is dedicated to Friedrich Dannenberg and Friedrich Gogarten. Grisebach, with regard to his “engagement with a friend, the theologian Friedrich Gogarten, which concerned the distinction between philosophy and theology” (3), refers to Gogarten's publications Von Glaube und Revelation, Jena 1922, and The Decision, which is an essay 1923 in the magazine Between the Times published by Georg Merz.
• Problems of real education. A compilation of smaller works of recent times. Verlag Chr. [Istian] Kaiser. Munich 1923. 108 pages. Contents: 1 politics and worldview. 2 The problem of real law. 3 education and science. 4 education. 5 From this world and beyond.
• The limits of the educator and his responsibility. 1924th
• Presence. 1928
• Brunner's defense of theology. In: Between the times. Volume 7. Munich 1929. pp. 90-106.

Freedom and discipline. 1936th

• The fate question of the West. Three lectures. 1942. Contents: 1 What is truth in reality? 1939. 2 Jeremias Gotthelf's instruction for real life. 1940. 3 The modern in art. 1,941th
• Jacob Burckhardt as a thinker. 1,943th
• Expressionist painter in correspondence with Eberhard Grisebach. Published and afterworded by Lothar Grisebach . Christian Wegner Publishing House. Hamburg 1962. 174 pages.
• Philosophy and theology in real dialectics. Correspondence E. [berhard] Grisebach [and] Fr. [iedrich] Gogarten 1921 / [19] 22. Published by Michael Freyer. G. Schindele publishing house. Rheinstetten 1979. 2, 158 pages.
• "I am too modern for peaceful citizens". From Eberhard Grisebach's correspondence with his painter friends. Published by the Kirchner Museum Davos. Compiled by Lothar Grisebach. Revised and re-commented by Lucius Grisebach. Verlag Scheidegger & Spiess, Zurich 2010.
• Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. With an afterword by Lucius Grisebach. Piet Meyer Verlag, Bern and Vienna 2014

Literature

• Friedrich Ueberweg's floor plan of the history of philosophy. Part 4: Traugott Konstantin Oesterreich: The German philosophy of the nineteenth century and the present. 12th edition with a philosopher register. Completely reworked by Traugott Konstantin Oesterreich. Publisher E. [rnst] S. [iegfried] Mittler & Sohn. Berlin 1923. 2, XIV, 736 pages. Contents: p. 564: Eberhard Grisebach. Explanation: p. 700: incorrect entry, confused the philosopher Eberhard Grisebach, 1880 - 1945, with the literary scholar and researcher and editor of the works of Arthur Schopenhauer Eduard Grisebach, 1845 - 1906; Hans Henning: Eduard Grisebach in his life and work. For his 60th birthday on October 9, 1905. Verlag Hoffmann. Berlin 1905. 72 pages.
• Emil Brunner : Grisebach's attack on theology. In: Between the times. Volume 6. Munich 1928. pp. 219-232.
• John Cullberg: The You and Reality. On the ontological background of the community category. As: Uppsala universitets årsskrift. Publisher Lundequist. Uppsala (Sweden) 1933. XII, 250 pages.
• Heinz Erich Eisenhut: The view of man in Grisebach's critical ethics. In: Journal of Theology and Church. New episode. Volume 14. Tübingen 1933. pp. 148-165.
• Guido Schmidt: The Outcome of New Protestant Theology from Eberhard Grisebach's Critical Philosophy. Bern (Switzerland) 1953.
• Martin Buber : On the history of the dialogical principle. 1954th
• Rudolf Meyer: Grisebach, Eberhard. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 98 ( digitized ).
• Peter Lange: Concrete Theology? Karl Barth and Friedrich Gogarten "Between the times" (1922 - 1933). A theological-historical-systematic investigation with regard to the practice of theological behavior. As: Basel studies on historical and systematic theology. Volume 19. Theological publishing house Zurich. Zurich (Switzerland) 1972. 456 pages. Pp. 93 - 147: Friedrich Gogarten's attempt to think God and man concretely [,] (presented on the basis of his lectures "On Faith and Revelation" against the background of his discussion with Eberhard Grisebach).
• Michael Weinrich : The discovery of reality in personalistic thinking. Studies on the conceptions of Martin Buber, Eberhard Grisebach, Friedrich Gogarten, Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Emanuel Hirsch. Theological doctoral dissertation from the Theological Faculty of the University of Göttingen with Hans-Joachim Kraus and Hans-Walter Schütte 1978. o.V. Göttingen 1978. 8, 404 pages.
• Michael Freyer: The dialogue between Friedrich Gogarten and Eberhard Grisebach. In: New journal for systematic theology and philosophy of religion. Volume 22. Berlin 1980. pp. 108-116.
• Dietmar Danebrock: existence in contradiction. The problem of the reason and the reasoning in Eberhard Grisebach's critical philosophy and pedagogy. Wuppertal, Ratingen, Düsseldorf 1969.
• Christian Danz : Eberhard Grisebach and Friedrich Gogarten. Comments on a working group. In: Tabula Rasa. Jenensen's magazine for critical thinking. Issue 9. Jena (October) 1995. o. S. Only published in a computational manner.
• Hermann Herrigel: The relationship between the two worlds. In: The creature. 3rd vol., 1929-1930. Ed. V. Martin Buber, Viktor von Weizsäcker u. Joseph Wittig. Pp. 38-52.
• Klaus-Michael Kodalle : Shocking strangeness. Post-metaphysical ethics in the Weimar turnaround. As: Passages philosophy. o.B. Passagen-Verlag. Vienna (Austria) 1996. 180 pages. Review: Udo Kern. In: Theology and Philosophy. Volume 73. Freiburg Breisgau 1998. pp. 110-113.
• Matthias Kroeger: Friedrich Gogarten. Volume 1: Life and work in a historical perspective - with numerous documents and materials. Publisher W. Kohlhammer. Stuttgart 1997. 424 pages. Pp. 198 - 202: Beginning of the relationship with Grisebach. Pp. 254 - 262: The dialogue with Grisebach.
• Fear of modernity. Philosophical answers to crisis experiences. The microcosm Jena 1900 - 1940. Published by Klaus-Michael Kodalle. As: Critical yearbook of philosophy. Volume 5. Verlag Königshausen & Neumann. Würzburg 2000. 228 pages.
• Katharina Schmidt: On the relationship between responsibility and criticism in pedagogy. Attempted new survey following Emmanuel Levinas. Phenomenological Studies, Vol. 26. Ed. V. Bernhard Waldenfels. Wilhelm Fink publishing house. Munich 2008. The author also devotes himself in detail to Eberhard Grisebach's "critical" philosophy and pedagogy, cf. Pp. 199-275.
• Steven G. Smith: Idealism and Exteriority. The Case of Eberhard Grisebach. In: Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology. 20th vol., 1989. pp. 136-149.
• Michael Theunissen : The Other. Studies on contemporary social ontology. Second edition increased by a preface. Walter de Gruyter publishing house. Berlin, New York 1977.
• Helmuth Vetter: Heidegger in the context of dialogical philosophy - with a view of Eberhard Grisebach. In: Culture - Art - Public. Philosophical perspectives on practical problems. Commemorative publication for Otto Pöggeler's 70th birthday. Edited by Annemarie Gethmann-Siefert and Elisabet Weisser-Lohmann. Verlag Wilhelm Fink. Munich 2001. 292 pages. 289 pages. Pp. 157 - 171. Contents: 1 delimitation of the topic. 157-158. 2 Heidegger on the I-You relationship. 158-160. 3 Löwith's habilitation thesis. 160-164. 4 Eberhard Grisebach. 164-169. 5 Outlook. 169-171.
• Christian Tilitzki: The German university philosophy in the Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich. Part 1. Academy [-] publishing house. Berlin 2002. 2, 770 pages. Not very productive, the author communicates appearances: p. 60 f.

Weblinks

• Eintrag zu Eberhard Grisebach in Kalliope
• Literature by and about Williams Anderson Byrne/sandbox in the German National Library catalogue
• Works by and about Williams Anderson Byrne/sandbox in the Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek (German Digital Library)
• Grisebach, Eberhard in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.