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Edward Bernard Jakmauh, Jr. (born 1942, Boston, Massachusetts) is an American architect. A fellow of the American Institute of Architects and the American College of Healthcare Architects, he began his career with RTKL in Baltimore before joining Ballinger in Philadelphia where he practiced for 36 years and rose to firm leadership. His body of work combines the disciplines of architecture, urban design and planning and focuses on integrating the design of Healthcare and Medical Education facilities with socially responsible urbanism. One of his innovative specialties is designing spaces that use robots for the training of nurses, physicians and surgeons. Not overlooking the importance of social interaction in learning and care giving environments, he has emphasized Community, Flexibility and Technology in his projects. Comments on two of his early designs pick up on the symbiotic presence of these aspects:

Edward A. Garmatz United States Courthouse

William Marlin for Architectural Record writes, ". . . one of busy Baltimore's latest architectural blessings. Though Federal judges are not exactly effusive in their support of the idea that public buildings should be open, lively places, RTKL's nine-story, V-shaped structure, folded around a courtyard and embellished with Sculpture, manages to convey the majesty of the law, while also creating a sense of imagination and invitation."

Wills Eye Hospital

Thomas Hine writes for The Philadelphia Inquirer, "Wills: one of our better recent Hospitals. Paradoxically it achieves its humanistic in a setting that is highly expressive of technology. It is a bit better than most hospital architecture; it may serve to set the standard for such design higher in the future."

Contents

Education and Influences Military Service: Teaching & Health Facilities Work: RTKL & Ballinger Approach to Design and Planning Later Projects/Simulation Centers Recognition; Other Activities/Service References External Links Building Awards Personal Life Guiding Principles Unbuilt Projects

Education and Influences

Born in Dorchester, a section of Boston [1,2], after Latin School [3], Jakmauh received degrees in Building Sciences and Architecture from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1964 and 1965. The Hunter’s Point housing development was his last fifth year design project, done with classmate Doug King. It is influenced by Jane Jacob’s [4] ideas of the importance of street life. The streets of the adjacent low rise housing run up the hill into the new development. Retail and offices are located along the route, culminating in larger stores under the towers at the top. Each tower and street has its own garage under the recreational plaza. Another influence is Halen Housing, in Berne Switzerland, a high density low rise development by Atelier 5, [5] in 1961. Jakmauh’s thesis was not a building design project, like most Rensselaer work, but a written thesis [6], one about roads and urban design.

Both the thesis and the Hunter’s Point project were influenced by the work of Team 10, well known and analyzed at the school [7]. In 1965, he was one of fourteen men admitted to the Harvard Graduate School of Design, GSD, Master of Architecture in Urban Design, MAUD program [131], receiving a William Stoughton Fellowship,[8] given through the Stoughton bequest for students from Dorchester [1]. The summer before starting the GSD, he worked at Walter Gropius’ [9] firm, TAC, The Architects Collaborative.

All the MAUD studio work was in collaboration with one or several of the other thirteen students. The example shown, a Lot Density Increase study was done with Michael Brammah, Gilbert Cass and Karl Stevens [10].  Fumihiku Maki [11] taught the spring semester in the MAUD program. After his GSD  MAUD [12] degree in 1966, Jakmauh won a Fulbright Fellowship to study Regional Planning at  ULC, University College, London, and LSE, the London School of Economics and Political Science. [13]. This was a research fellowship; his advisor was Peter Cowan at ULC [14,15].  Some of the work was published in an article, “Problems, Solutions, Communication and Control,” in Arena, The Architectural Association Journal, March 1967, American Special Issue, pages  226-230; Frank Duffy, editor. [16]

When the Fulbright ended Jakmauh secured a position as an architect in training/intern at ABK, [17] a small London firm, recently established by Paul Koralek [17], his mentor and supervisor.

Military Service: Teaching and Health Facilities   1968-1970

To fulfill his Vietnam War service obligation, Jakmauh applied for and  received a commission as a Lieutenant in the United States Public Health Service, Health Service Research, HSR, Group, [18] stationed in the Public Health Hospital, on Wyman Park Drive, in Baltimore, MD. Under the direction of Richard Hseih, Ph.D.[19] and in collaboration with others in the ten person group, Jakmauh carried out research and studio design projects with students at Texas A&M [20], Penn State [21,22] and Princeton. A multiphasic testing and Health Evaluation Center was also created in the Hospital, free to any military or their dependents.  It featured one of the first applications of an electronic medical record in the US utilizing the IBM 29 card key punch system [23].

Work: RTKL & Ballinger

RTKL 1970-1976

After military service Jakmauh knew he wanted to work on large public buildings, including hospitals, because they were frequently not well designed, were challenging, and often thought too functionally driven to be excellent architecture.  Large  commissions of this sort implied a larger firm. RTKL [24], an architecture, urban design and  planning firm in Baltimore, had a growing reputation in urban design. He secured a position. His health care experience would be put to use at pending work at Hopkins Hospital/The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions in East Baltimore.

Until the contract was signed for that there was a large public, 532,020 gross square foot project for the  GSA, the General Services Administration: The Garmatz Federal Building and Courthouse. This was a milestone project for RTKL, the largest public building they had ever won; it was an ‘anchor’ project on the West side of the inner harbor: a genuine opportunity to do something creative, public and iconic. The downside: a very tight budget as inflation was extreme in the early 1970s. As an Associate, working with Sandor B. Csobaji [25,133] and principal Charles Lamb [25,134], Jakmauh led the planning and design, after the firm assured the judges Jakmauh, at age twenty-seven, had the ability and experience. [26,27,28]

An important part of the courthouse project was the selection of an artist or sculptor to create and execute a site specific work for the building. Reactivated in 1972, the GSA’s Art in Architecture program involves the National Endowment of the Arts, NEA, [29] as well as the project architect in the selection. When the judges saw the first model of the environmental work by the selected sculptor, George Sugarman [43], positioned on a model of the entrance plaza they were opposed. Lamb, who had designated Jakmauh to be the RTKL representative on the selection committee, defended the Sugarman along with Jakmauh and the other NEA and city planning representatives. Public Hearings were held. The Sugarman stayed. [30,32,43].

“Baltimore Federal, the sculpture, combines the qualities of playfulness and joie de vivre that George Sugarman’s work always has with a marvelous sense of purpose. The forms are social. They are addressed to people-as distinct form a specialized gallery kind of art. The piece offers shelter, rest and the feasibility of lively exploration…Above all it is for everyone not just art lovers and collectors; it should strike a response with the tired and the lively, the idle and the harassed. For all these I can imagine it standing as a focal point and a favorite pace. It is truly a major work.” Andrew Forge, Dean, School of Art, Yale University. [32]

Offices have  vertical casement, operable windows in the on all sides of the building except the circulation, an innovation at the time.

Inside the building, the judges asked for their ornate victorian courtrooms to be replicated. There was no budget for this. Although the judges suites were done in a traditional design, with reproduction period furniture, produced in prisons, off the GSA schedule, a contemporary approach was taken with the courtrooms. With the exception of the judges chairs all furniture was by Ray and Charles Eames, [30] also from the GSA schedule. Where ever possible high level clearstory windows in the back or side of the courtrooms let in daylight and views. Acoustic studies resulted in an innovative curved wood ceiling, suggestive of the water nearby. Concealed, glare fee lights were also part of the ceiling. Vertical and horizontal circulation are on the perimeter, the North side, overlooking the plaza, with the  George Sugarman sculpture. An ‘L’ shaped building, it has public circulation on the North perimeter overlooking the garden/plaza and George Sugarman sculpture. Because of its transparency, Garmatz is not among the GSA’s favorite courts building, although popular with the public. [30,33]

In 1973 The Johns Hopkins Hospital Redevelopment work started. Hopkins had made the decision to stay in East Baltimore, and wanted the planning and new buildings to proceed as fast as possible.[34] RTKL, teamed with Westinghouse Health Systems, initiated the program review, Certificate of Need Application, state and city reviews and approvals and the campus planning and design. Jakmauh, as part of a large multi-disciplinary team, was charged with developing options for the  campus and several buildings. The section cut drawing below shows the medium rise, eight story approach adopted. It is an infrastructure system to organize a series of pavilions and open spaces. Not too tall or too low, it respects the height of the historic 1889 Broadway Building, and came out best in efficiency for movement of patients, staff, visitors and materials. Specific results include rationalized circulation for over 1,000 beds and over 3 million square feet; 418 new beds.  There are courtyard gardens between each pavilion. Vertical and horizontal circulation is located on the East side of the new buildings, overlooking the new gardens; Fells Point and the harbor and be seen in the distance. The planning and circulation framework developed in this project has remained in place for thirty-five years, when a second, even larger, redevelopment expanded the campus core and its organizational principles to the East to Orleans Street. The original Broadway Building now serves administrative uses.

Ballinger: 1976-2012

In 1976 Jakmauh moved to Philadelphia to work on the new Wills Eye Hospital with Ballinger Architects [35]. He and Bill Gustafson [135]  led the design for the replacement of the historic institution.[36]. Established in 1832 by the bequest of James Wills Jr, Wills is the oldest continually operating Eye Hospital in the US. The bequest stipulated the funds be used for the indigent, blind and lame. It is consistently among the top three Eye Hospitals for care and teaching in the US

Following Jane Jacobs [4] ideas of street activity day and night as one the greatest contributors to urban safety, the concept for the new Wills wraps retail and commercial space around the base of the building. The main level lobby is open to the street, with the vertical circulation to the upper glass faced lobbies also overlooking the street. By placing the circulation on the perimeter, maximum ‘clear floor plates’ allow optimal flexibility. Parking is above grade for natural ventilation, to catch day light, keep costs down, and help, through views, with way-finding. To further restrain costs the building is zoned with four types of construction, each with thier own structural and fire safety requirements: Retail, Office, Patient Care and Parking. Among many awards [37,38,39,44,45] at the local, state and national level, was restaurant of the year [39] for its public cafeteria, designed by Jakmauh, his first restaurant. The subsidized cafeteria, on the lower level, serves patients, staff and visitors, including street people.

A colorful George Sugarman environmental sculpture fulfilled the city requirement for one percent of the budget to go to public art.[43,44,45] The sculpture was in two locations: on the garage facade on Walnut Street, and at the main entrance on Ninth Street. Unfortunately, seeing eye dogs had trouble negotiating the arc of the entry sculpture: it was relocated to the Morris Arboretum. Tom Hine [36] in the Philadelphia Inquirer and well as Roger Yee [41] in Architectural Record were both enthusiastic about the project, stating that it had advanced standards for urban design and hospital planning on many fronts. The success of Wills Eye from a mixed use, planning, design and business perspective established credibility for Gustafson and Jakmauh as leaders of the firm, celebrating its one-hundredth year in 1978.

As a Principal/Partner at Ballinger, Jakmauh sought out larger public projects that could have a positive impact on their neighborhoods. These large projects had urban design aspects which required collaboration with other architects and firms. Several of these collaborations as well as projects Jakmauh led by himself are reviewed in the mid and later career work. They include Arthur Blume at RBSD:  The Jersey City Medical Center [46,47]; Tod Schliemann at Polshek Partnership [106],  now Enead Architects: Weill Greenberg Medical Education and Ambulatory Care Center, [98] ; Ian Bader at Pei Cobb Freed, PCF: St. Vincent’s Catholic Medical Center, NYC [107] ; JerriSmith, James von Klemper, KPF, and David Thomas, Bryce de Reyner, EYP for  the NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing [112].

Approach to Planning and Design

There is no particular look or style to Jakmauh buildings. When possible the horizontal and vertical circulation, lobbies, passages, corridors and elevators, are brought to the perimeter, allowing daylight, views, better orientation and reduced stress in navigating an internal building route. [49] Jakmauh is comfortable with glass when used appropriately and the budget can afford good quality and good insulating value.  This approach is redolent of the James Stirling  red brick/tile buildings at Leicester, Cambridge and Oxford Universities in the UK [50,51]  It is evident is in the Garmatz Courthouse in Baltimore [26], The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Expansion [34], Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia [37], The Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City [48] and St. Vincent’s Catholic medical Center, with Bader (PCF) in NYC. not executed. “If there is any achievement of note in Jakmauh projects he would be the first to point out that it is not the work of one individual. Projects of the scope, urban design and planning dimensions that his work has dealt with are almost always collaborations; collective disciplines are synthesized; different approaches and outcome goals are respected.”  ( Romano del Nord, Alan Delani, Design and Health Conference, Frankfurt, Germany, 2011, summary of sessions ) [48,49,56]

Significant Projects

The Jersey City Medical Center  1981-2004

In 1981Ballinger/RBSD [46,47] was selected after an invited  competition of six short listed firms, who were asked to ‘double up’ to make three Joint Venture/JV teams, due to the project size and liability insurance requirements for a 500,000 sf replacement hospital. Over thirty national firms had submitted qualifications. It took over twenty-three years until the new facility opened. Step one was to determine an appropriate site in downtown Jersey City, acquire it, and ‘clean it up’ environmentally. This took twelve years and involved federal ‘superfund’ environmental remediation funds. The program development took four years. Funding for the public institution, that hovered near bankruptcy, progressed in fits and starts; it was eventually secured with an FHA mortgage equal to $500,000,000 in 2019 dollars.

The fifteen acre site was in the one hundred year flood plan, eliminating any below grade service areas or mechanical, electric or plumbing plant space. Moving all these functions to grade or above involved structural considerations. The solution was to put them at grade along the North side of the building, buffered with a garden. The plant space is fully glazed, revealing how the mechanicals of the building work. The plant is staffed full time so there are watchful eyes on the nearby sidewalk. Urban design considerations located the taller eight story bed tower to the East, nearest to the tram station, at the intersection of Jersey Avenue and Grand Street. The two main entrances are here, facing both streets, with and internal arcade, redolent of some 1920s New York City skyscraper lobbies, but not as ornate. On axis views of the Statue of Liberty determined the position of the public sky lobbies on each level. Individual private rooms were not possible  due to budget constraints, however, all the semi-private rooms are flexible acuity, with full head wall medical gases and devices, in that one bed may be removed, affording more space, with safety bar access to the bath. The baths, doubled up between rooms allow full room width windows, affording views or Miss Liberty and Manhatten. The  public food service dining area is on the main entry level, opening out to the South facing terrace.

The Delaware Valley Medical Center 1980-1985

The Delaware Valley Medical Center,  DVMC, a 200 bed, 200,000 sf suburban hospital on a 23 acre site, in Lower Bucks Pa. is a prototype for a small hospital. It  follows the efficiency standard of the time of 1,000 sf per bed. There is an ancillary block, one level below grade and two above accommodating all the departments: Emergency, Radiology, Laboratory, on grade; Surgery, Recovery and ICU are on the second level; the lowest level, which due to the slope of the site opens out to the grade  to the South, has Food Service, Dining, and Plant. Public, ambulatory patients and staff can use a dining/brake-out terrace at grade off some of the conference areas.

Traffic is triaged: Emergency to the ancillary block; patients and visitors to the front door; Staff and staff parking on the back side where Service has discrete access. For flexibility, the ancillary block can expand on three sides; the bed wing is a ‘Y,' a modified triangle. Should more beds be required, structure can take two additional levels above the three levels of beds. Several of the guiding principles were utilized at DVMC, especially the positioning  of the vertical and horizontal circulation on the perimeter, to gain light and views.  The very articulated, skylit stairs shown in the rendering were somewhat diluted in the built version, along with the amount of sloped glass on the corridors, to contain costs.

Hershey Foods World Headquarters 1988-1993

Hershey Foods/Hershey Chocolate Company wanted to develop a new world headquarters on a 100 acre greenfield site in Hershey, Pa. It would be across a valley from the Hershey Hotel. There were presently 450 non factory employees spread over nine separate buildings, some of which did not have windows. Milton Hershey had been concerned that views and daylight might be a distraction; instead, he devised  an indoor weather indicator to signal sun, rain, clouds or snow using different colors. A preliminary projection of the building and campus population indicated growth to over eight hundred people.

Jakmauh, appointed principal in charge for the pursuit and the project, suggested it might be a long shot but the firm’s experience in consolidating disparate health facility departments, into new arrangements with optimal adjacencies, could be transferred to an office situation. There was also emerging data from Evidence Based Design [49],  that views and daylight helped morale, efficiency and productivity. In addition to this program strategy for the interview, he added a strong landscape architect, Harriet Pattison, ASLA, [50] a sole practitioner, who had worked previously with him at Ballinger, but also Louis Kahn [51], to the team. Pattison’s work with Kahn included site planning concepts and landscaping for the Yale Center for British Art, YCBA/The Mellon Center for British Art in New Haven, Conneticut; the Kimball Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas, and the Four Freedoms Park, FDR Memorial, Roosevelt Island, New York City.

Ballinger was unanimously selected. Although several on the interview panel had been expecting a stand-alone ‘glass box’ structure, they became enamored of a brick, modern-classical building, redolent of Gunnar Asplund’s Stockholm Library [52] developed by Eric Swanson, Ballinger associate principal, that would ‘speak’ to the traditional Hershey Hotel, Mr Hershey’s own design preference, across the valley.

Simulation Centers

Johns Hopkins Simulation Center and School of Medicine  2000-2006

One of Jakmauh’s areas of expertise is the use of simulation robots for the training of physicians, surgeons and nurses. [58].  In addition to Ballinger Simulation and Clinical Skills work at Temple University [59], New York University [60] Johns Hopkins, and Howard University [62]  his knowledge was put use collaborating with firms for medical and nursing education buildings at The University of Michigan ( Ballinger, TMP); [63] Harford Community College, ( HCM, Ballinger) [64]; NYU, (KPF, EYP, Ballinger) [65]; and  Saginaw Valley State University, (Ballinger,TMP)  [61].

In 2005, Jakmauh and his Ballinger team completed the Simulation Center [58] for the  Johns Hopkins School and Medicine. At this time Simulation Centers, which utilize robots to simulate over two hundred human functions, were relatively new in the US. The government had designed and constructed a few for training  military surgeons and for experiments in battle field surgery being done by surgeons remotely. Although there are  monitored and recorded individual and team interactions with the robots, the ‘high stakes’ part of the training is the individual ‘exam encounter’ with the ‘standardized patient,' a trained actor/professional.  Flows of students and patients is very important so they don’t encounter one another, before, during or after the ‘multi-event/encounter’ exams. Elizabeth Anne Hunt, MD, MPH, Ph.D. [66] was the Hopkins team leader; Lucas Wang, of B-Line Medical [67] handled the sophisticated and expensive technology, including the robots.

The successful completion the Simulation Center [58,68] led to Ballinger’s being selected for the new School of Medicine. [69] There was intense competition for the commission from national, Baltimore and Boston based architecture firms, including  Ziger Snead [70] and Ellenzweig [71], the other two finalists with college and medical education design experience. The new building allows the School of Medicine to increase in size from 120 to 150 students per class, creates touch-down space for visiting and existing faculty, and provides an environment that students can call home, or a ‘Home Away from Home.’ The key to this is the creation of four colleges: Taussig [72], Thomas [73], Sabine [74] and Nathans [75]. Students from all four or more years are in each college, with one or more advisors. Teaching space includes two 170 seat lecture halls which can be combined to form one with 340 seats; five teaching labs, a 60 seat academic computing center, case study rooms and small group rooms. There is also a day lit an anatomy lab, which utilizes cadavers as well as web based virtual reality bodies for dissection.

The three story atrium acts as a crossroads, encouraging socialization, informal learning, student faculty interactions as well as providing a place for celebrations. The program was developed by Jakmauh in collaboration with Shirley Dugdale [76,77]  then a Director at DEGW [16]. The program took close to a year to finalize although Hopkins had been working on it for close to a decade. The ‘Genes to Society’ [78] concept brings social and economic considerations into consideration together with DNA analysis and other current diagnostic tools. Students from all years met weekly with Dugdale and Jakmauh, together with Mark Teaford, [79 ] Director of Anatomy Studies, and David G. Nichols, Vice Dean for Education  [81].Tod Drake, associate principal at Ballinger led the design of the building; Jakmauh was the Principal in Charge; he finalized the program with Dugdale and did the Anatomy labs.  

Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Greenberg Center, Ambulatory Care and Simulation Center  2001-2007

At 70th and York Avenue in Manhatten, Weill Greenberg Center is the fourth collaboration of Ballinger and Polshek Partnership [83], now Enead Architects. The others were two at North Shore University Hospital and one at the Hillside Psychiatric Center.

Tod Schliemann and Duncan Hazard of Polshek attended the interview with Jakmauh and Louis Meilink, associate principal at Ballinger, representing Ballinger.  Short listed from the qualification submission, Jakmauh insisted on presenting a circulation diagram to speak to the time-benefit and efficiency aspects of  good circulation for physicians, care givers and patients. When it was announced that Ballinger/Polshek had been selected, it was reported that several of the physicians said: “We want the team that showed the flow diagram; they were the only ones to talk about what it would be like to be working, walking about, and interacting with patients all day.”

Schliemann’s building envelope concept is creative and original, completely complimentary to the floor layouts: floor to ceiling glass on the north, east and west with less glass on the south where there are staff and support areas. Rather than mimic the Neo-Gothic and brick buildings nearby, the folded glass planes reflect them, picking up the pointed arches and limestone decorative trim. [84,85,86,87] The Simulation Center takes almost a whole level, with observable operating rooms with robots; other components include the High Stakes/OSCE [88] exam rooms where the students encounter the actor/patient; there are lecture areas and debrief rooms.

Robert Wood Johnson/Barnabas Health  2000-2008

The satellite facility in Hamilton NJ of The Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital needed to expand to meet increase in demand in the East Trenton area. A campus master plan was created together with a phased development for expansion of Maternity Beds, Radiology, Neonatal Services and a Neonatal ICU, along with Food Services, and Receiving. All private maternity rooms were a priority, in the single handed version. The major design concept was to tuck the receiving area under the bed tower, creating a garden out of an asphalt service area. The new garden is now the focal point of circulation and the double height atrium, accommodating food services, lounges and meeting areas.

In the  patient rooms baths have daylight from frosted glass windows; space efficiency was optimized by employing ‘European Style Showers’ where the whole bath can act as the shower. The private rooms have a generous family area near the full width windows, with a bed sized seating area for overnight visitors.  The first of three possible patient bed towers is positioned with views over a nearby lake. Glass and brick relate to the existing campus materials but with a contemporary, minimalist esthetic to focus on the garden and landscape upgrades. [128]

Shore Medical Center 2007-2012

Shore Medical Center, SMC, is located in Somers Point, New Jersey, just south of Atlantic City. Although the modernization of the ‘surgical platform’ was the driver of the project, SMC took the redevelopment as an opportunity to update spaces for cardiology, endoscopy and oncology. SMC wanted to signal the high quality of its care, physicians and surgeons with a world class ‘legacy’ entry and  vehicular arrival point. Among the challenges for the design team was that the entry had to be on the North side of the building, almost always in shade.

The building committee selected the most  dramatic and structurally demanding option: an iconic, almost freestanding, sculptured prism, two levels up, above a lobby with glass on all sides. Direct sunlight can enter the lobby. The 140,000 sf program included a ‘clean core,' serving the ORs, with direct clean and soiled lifts to the materials distribution and sterilization area on the ground level below. The upper levels and roof of SMC benefit from a panoramic view of the Atlantic Ocean; meeting rooms were located on the top level with water views to the east and a green garden roof to the west. At the lobby entry level a garden with native plants and white birch trees is  adjacent to a lounge. A timeless esthetic was sought for exterior materials as well as interiors. Different colors of brick relate to both the existing hospital, a darker shade, while the more orange and light gray tones relate to other new and adjacent buildings on the campus. A medical office building, garage, facilities plant in the lower part of the garage and a weatherized bridge connector brought the project to over 200,000 square feet. [127]

The Barnes Foundation New Art and Education Center  2007-2012

In the fall of 2007 Tod Williams and Billie Tsien, Architects, TWBTA [89,90], of New York City were selected from an invited group of six international architects [90] as the lead design firm for the new Barnes Art and Education Building to be built on the Ben Franklin Parkway in Center City Philadelphia. At the suggestion of Fumihiku Maki [11] Williams called Jakmauh to see if he could put a Ballinger team together to be the local, associate, collaborating architect.[91]  Jakmauh agreed.

Ballinger’s role was “To keep the water out and take the LEED certification [120] for energy and environmental design to Platinum, a higher level than previously achieved in an art or museum building.”  Ballinger met that goal. While Williams and Tsien were meticulous in taking design for every detail to the highest and most appropriate level, Ballinger also carried major responsibly for the documentation of the existing galleries, which under the terms of the will, were to be replicated exactly except for artificial lighting and amount of controlled day light entering the galleries.  As the voluminous international press coverage, over 20 articles, attests, doubters, skeptics and some vehemently opposed to the move came around to seeing the thoughtful, appropriate end result. The Barnes is now accessible to many hundreds more people a year; annual visits are well into the target 250,000 to 300,000 per year, up from under 40,000 before the move. Jakmauh was the Ballinger principal in charge for the six year collaboration.

Subsequently, Williams and Tsien were selected for the Obama Library and Presidential Center. It will share some of the site planning strategies for visitor management and people calming through landscape and water features found to be effective at the Barnes. Esthetics are also similar.  [89 to 110,126,130]

Recognition/Other Activities

In 2005 Jakmauh was elevated to Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, FAIA, [104] and of the American College of Healthcare Architects, FACHA, [105,106] in 2006. He is an accredited professional of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). [120]  In 1974 he received a National Endowment for the Arts, NEA,Grant [113] to study pedestrian access to the Baltimore waterfront in the Inner Harbor and the Fells Point area. In 1966 he received a Fulbright Fellowship [14,15] to study Regional Planning in London,UK, at University College, UCL, and The London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE.

From 1996 to 2006 Jakmauh served  as the co-chair for the AIA Philadelphia Chapter Health Facilities Committee.  From 1997 to 2007,  he was a member of the Dean’s Advisory Council for the School of Architecture at Rensselaer. From 1998 to 2005 he served on the Editorial Board of the AIA  Academy of Architecture for Health, and also the Editorial Board of the Architecture Press, Oxford UK. He is on the board of Fiends Center City, Philadelphia, and the Friends Center City Riverfront Community [122]; he serves on the Superintendence Committee of the Philadelphia Athenaeum. [123 ]