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In Kashmir Shaivism, Paravāk (from the Sanskrit para-supreme and vāk-word) represents the creative force that exists at the origin of the universe, equivalent to the western concept of logos, and sometimes personified as the Goddess (devi), feminine counterpart of Śiva.

Relation to Consciousness

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Paravāk is the vibrating energy of consciousness (spanda)[1][2][3], or, as it is centrally involved in every act, it is also called the heart (hṛdaya)[4][5][6][7]. It emanates from consciousness, exists in consciousness[8] and acts as its operative agent in the cosmic act of creation. It has been called the supreme will of God (svātantrya) as it represents the irresistible energy in motion [9][10] and the "divine word" because it is an eminently subjective energy[11] that sits at the origin of speech. Other attributes are: unsurpassable (anuttara)[12] and reflective substrate (vimarśa)[13].

The simbolic names associated to paravāk might appear opaque and esoteric so we will to rephrase them. The most important idea is that all the attributes of paravāk are intimately linked to consciousness, and some of these atributes are: force-energy, ultimate nature, reflective nature, will, substrate, vibration and word. In Kashmiri Shaivism consciousness is thought of as the ultimate monad, root of the universe - but it is in an inactive state and as such it first needs to activate in order to create anything. This first activation is a sort of internal vibration or energy. Because this energy is at the beginning it is called the ultimate, the unsurpassable. It acts as a medium, a substrate or as the preferred metaphor goes, as a mirror of consciousness for the upcoming creation. Because it is not a blind force but a conscious agent, this energy is also named "the will of God". And because of its eminently subjective nature it is named "supreme word" and is considered to be the substrate of any form of speech that will appear.

As Logos

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  1. the absolute as sound - sabda brahman [14]
  2. expression of the supreme energy parasakti [15]
  3. is full of wondrous delight [16]
  4. pulsating (sphurati) [17]
  5. supreme verbum [18]
  6. synonymous to paravak, vimarsa [19]
  7. transcendental speech, not uttered by any speech organ or mind [20]
  8. soundless, made of universal consciousness [21]
  9. beyond word, form or symbol [22]
  10. identical to Vimarsa - Spanda - Cit - Hridaya [23]
  11. unstruck sound in anahata (heart) [24]
  12. transcendental sound, potentiality [25]
  13. transcribed as parabija or pranava [26]


As the Supreme Energy

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  1. in the para stage there is total absence of the object [27]
  2. her nature is nirvikalpa [28]
  3. ever present [29]
  4. the refuge, the boat floating on the ocean of doubt regarding one's essential nature [30]
  5. the para stage is far from human experience; mental inquiry can lead up to pasyanti but cannot enter paravak [31]
  6. is a Sakti of the highest Bhairava [32]
  7. is the potential Kundalini energy [33]
  8. brings about the sense of time (kala) [34]
  9. vibrationless, motionless sound [35]
  10. seated in muladhara cakra [36]

As Universal Substrate

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  1. every experient is capable to carry all his activities by entering paravak [37]
  2. by the principle "everything else is in everything", paravak is in pasyanti, madhyama and vaikhari [38]
  3. she is non-different from pasyanti; equally present in all the stages of the word [39]
  4. in paravak there is absolutely no difference between this, thus, here and now (object, individual, form, place or time) [40]
  5. from paravak to pasyanti, madhyama and vaikhari there is a gradation of differentiation (incipient, apparent, full) [41]
  6. in madhyama there are two phases, one in which predominates the energy of knowledge, jnana (Sadasiva) and one in which predominates the energy of activity (kriya) Isvara [42]
  7. in pasyanti and madhyama, paravak experiences herself as Supreme Consciousness [43]
  8. the pasyanti stage is the commencement of maya [44]
  9. the madhyama stage is that of inner senses [45]
  10. the vaikhari stage is that of outer senses [46]
  11. in the womb of paravak lies pasyanti, in pasyanti lies madhyama, in madhyama lies vaikhari [47]
  12. vaikhari is inherent in parasamvit [48]
  13. the sound emanation (from Siva to bindu) occurs at the level of paravak [49]
  14. in parakak is not only the ontological but also epistemological foundation of language; the origin and the archetype [50]
  15. is the reason of all mantras; the power behind all mantras [51]
  16. manifests the wheel of phonemes, matrika [52]
  17. all the phonematic energies are created by paravak, or parasakti, or anuttara sakti [53]

As the Goddess

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  1. personified as the Goddess in the Heart [54]
  2. the Devi, while appearing as pasyanti and madhyama knows herself as Supreme Consciousness [55]

References

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  1. ^ Pratyabhijnahrdayam - J. Singh, p. 16
  2. ^ Pratyabhijnahrdayam - J. Singh, p. 140
  3. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 8
  4. ^ The Isvarapratyabhijnakarika of Utpaladeva - R. Torella, p. 70
  5. ^ Dynamic Stillness 2 - S. Chetanananda, p. 334
  6. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 47
  7. ^ Spanda Karikas - Jaideva Singh, p. 192
  8. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 9
  9. ^ Pratyabhijnahrdayam - J. Singh, p. 140
  10. ^ The Isvarapratyabhijnakarika of Utpaladeva - R. Torella, p. 120
  11. ^ Abhinavagupta and His Works - V. Raghavan, p. 65
  12. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 98
  13. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 98
  14. ^ Towards Transcendence - M.L. Pandit, p. 164
  15. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 8
  16. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 9
  17. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 9
  18. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 47
  19. ^ Pratyabhijnahrdayam - J. Singh, p. 16
  20. ^ Shiva Sutras - Swami Lakshmanjoo, p. 177
  21. ^ Shiva Sutras - Swami Lakshmanjoo, p. 177
  22. ^ The Himalayan mysticism - R. Nataraj, p. 141
  23. ^ Abhinavagupta and His Works - V. Raghavan, p. 41
  24. ^ The Triadic Heart of Siva - P.E. Muller Ortega, p. 83
  25. ^ Towards Transcendence - M.L. Pandit, p. 164
  26. ^ The Triadic Heart of Siva - P.E. Muller Ortega, p. 83
  27. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 12
  28. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 98
  29. ^ Pratyabhijnahrdayam - J. Singh, p. 16
  30. ^ The Yoga of Kashmir Shaivism - S.Shankarananda, p. 153
  31. ^ Pratyabhijnahrdayam - J. Singh, p. 135
  32. ^ Siva Sutras - Jaideva Singh, p. 93
  33. ^ Siva Sutras - Jaideva Singh, p. 96
  34. ^ Abhinavagupta and His Works - V. Raghavan, p. 65
  35. ^ The Serpent Power - A. Avalon, p. 170
  36. ^ The Serpent Power - A. Avalon, p. 174
  37. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 13
  38. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 149
  39. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 8
  40. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 9
  41. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 9
  42. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 9
  43. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 9
  44. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 12
  45. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 12
  46. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 12
  47. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 159
  48. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 159
  49. ^ Vac - Andre Padoux, p. 93
  50. ^ Vac - Andre Padoux, p. 185
  51. ^ Siva Sutras - Jaideva Singh, p. 4
  52. ^ Siva Sutras - Jaideva Singh, p. 93
  53. ^ Siva Sutras - Jaideva Singh, p. 117
  54. ^ The Triadic Heart of Siva - P.E. Muller Ortega, p. 83
  55. ^ Para trishika Vivarana - Jaideva Singh, p. 47
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