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User:Victar/R1b1b2a1a1 (Y-DNA)

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Haplogroup R1b1b2a1a1
Possible time of origin4,200 years BP
Possible place of originLow Countries
AncestorR1b1b2a1a
Defining mutationsU106/S21/M405
Highest frequenciesFrisians, Dutch, Germans, English

In human genetics, Haplogroup R1b1b2a1a1 (U106), is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subdivision of haplogroup R1b defined by the presence of the marker U106, also known as S21 and M405.[1][2] It appears to represent over 25% of R1b in Europe.[1]

Nomenclature

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The subclade was first discovered by EthnoAncestry in 2006 and given the nomenclature of R1b1c9.[3] In May 2008 it was given the name R1b1b2g in the 2008 Karafet nomenclature.[4] In October 2008 it was renamed to R1b1b2a1 according to the 2008 FamilyTreeDNA YDNA haplogroup nomenclature.

Subclades

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This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree [4][5] and subsequent published research as summarized by ISOGG.[1]

  • R1b1b2a1a1 (M405/S21/U106)
    • R1b1b2a1a1*
    • R1b1b2a1a1a (M467/S29/U198)
    • R1b1b2a1a1b (P107) position relative to L48 uncertain
    • R1b1b2a1a1c (DYS439(null)/L1/S26)
    • R1b1b2a1a1d (L48/S162)
      • R1b1b2a1a1d*
      • R1b1b2a1a1d1 (L47)
        • R1b1b2a1a1d1*
        • R1b1b2a1a1d1a (L44)
          • R1b1b2a1a1d1a*
          • R1b1b2a1a1d1a1 (L45, L46, L164)
      • R1b1b2a1a1d2 (L148)
    • R1b1b2a1a1e (L257/S186)

Frequency

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While this sub-clade of R1b is frequently discussed amongst genetic genealogists, the following table represents the peer-reviewed findings published so far in the 2007 articles of Myres et al. and Sims et al.[6][2]

Population Sample size R-M269 R-U106 (without U198) R-U198
Austria 22 27.30% 22.70% 0.00%
Central/South America 33 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Czech Republic 36 27.80% 13.90% 0.00%
Denmark 113 34.50% 16.80% 0.09%
Eastern Europe 44 4.50% 0.00% 0.00%
England 138 57.20% 20.30% 0.14%
France 56 51.80% 7.10% 0.00%
Germany 332 43.10% 18.70% 0.18%
Ireland 102 80.40% 5.90% 0.00%
Italy 284 37.30% 3.50% 0.00%
Jordan 76 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Middle-East 43 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Netherlands 94 54.30% 35.10% 0.21%
Oceania 43 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Oman 29 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Pakistan 177 3.40% 0.00% 0.00%
Palestine 47 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Poland 110 22.70% 8.20% 0.00%
Russia 56 21.40% 5.40% 0.18%
Slovenia 105 17.10% 3.80% 0.00%
Switzerland 90 57.80% 13.30% 0.00%
Turkey 523 14.50% 0.40% 0.00%
Ukraine 32 25.00% 9.40% 0.00%
United States 58 5.20% 5.20% 0.00%
US (European) 125 46.40% 14.40% 0.80%
US (Afroamerican) 118 14.30% 1.70% 0.80%

References

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  1. ^ a b c International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) - Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades
  2. ^ a b Sims, LM; Garvey, D; Ballantyne, J (2007). "Sub-populations within the major European and African derived haplogroups R1b3 and E3a are differentiated by previously phylogenetically undefined Y-SNPs" (PDF). Human mutation. 28 (1): 97. doi:10.1002/humu.9469. PMID 17154278.
  3. ^ ISOGG 2006 Y-DNA Haplogroup R
  4. ^ a b Karafet et al. (2008)
  5. ^ Y Chromosome Consortium "YCC" (2002)
  6. ^ Myres, NM; Ekins, JE; Lin, AA; Cavalli-Sforza, LL; Woodward, SR; Underhill, PA (2007). "Y-chromosome short tandem repeat DYS458.2 non-consensus alleles occur independently in both binary haplogroups J1-M267 and R1b3-M405". Croatian medical journal. 48 (4): 450–9. PMC 2080563. PMID 17696299.