User:Vbaker93/sandbox

CRITIQUE AN ARTICLE: Feedback on the article Lai Đại Hàn

Need a better overview and some bias problems[edit source]

The overview section needs revision. The first two sentences capture the essence of the article well. However, the last sentence of the overview section is not well connected with the rest of the section. How is the fact that the Korean government has not acknowledged the reported violence during the Vietnam war has anything to do with "Lai Daihan"? This section needs more information or transition sentences. The same comment can be made regarding the entire article. The different sections are not well organized and don't flow well. It should be edited so that etymology, definitions, lives of the Lai Daihan and their mothers flow in the same section followed by historical contexts, reported violence and denial of violence.

The article seems fixated only on the Lai Daihan who are children born to mothers who are victims of rapes by Korean soldiers during the Vietnam wars. Sources suggest that there is a good portion of Lai Daihan children who are born to Korean workers in Vietnam, and their mothers are not victims of rape. There should be a section talking about that population of Lai Daihan people as well. Most sources are testimonies from Vietnamese survivors; there are limited sources coming from trustworthy Korean news sources. Some sources are only quotes without links or ISPNs.

ADD TO AN ARTICLE: Add to the article Droplet-based Microfluidics: Chemical Synthesis

_ Advantages of using droplet-based microfluidics while doing chemical synthesis including environmental benefits and high product selectivity.

_ Past limitations of chemical synthesis done using droplet-based microfluidics and current use of microfluidics for complex and multi-step chemical syntheses.

_ The important of laminar flow and low Reynold number inside microfluidic devices for viability of chemical syntheses

_ Implications that chemical synthesis using droplet-based microfluidics has on the discipline of biological science.

ARTICLE DRAFT - MY DRAFT BEFORE PEER REVIEWS:

Vivian Baker –  Wiki Draft

Droplet-based microfluidics and chemical synthesis

Droplet-based microfluidics has become an important tool in chemical synthesis due to several attractive features. Microscale reactions allow for cost reduction through the usage of small reagent volumes, rapid reactions in the order of milliseconds, and efficient heat transfer, hence "the amount of energy consumed per unit temperature rise can be made extremely small, leading to environmental benefits" [1] Microfluidics devices' degree of control over local conditions within the device often makes it possible to select one product over another with high precision.[2][3] With high selectivity and small sizes come less stringent reaction clean-up and smaller footprint.[4] Microdispersed droplets created by droplet-based chemistry are capable of acting as environments in which chemical reactions occur, as reagent carriers in the process of generating complex nanostructures.[5] Droplets are also capable of being generated into cell-like structures[6] which can be used to mimic human's biological components and processes.[7][8] Some examples of the use of droplet-based microfluidics in nanochemistry can be found in Duraiswamy et al. literature "Droplet-Based Microfluidic Synthesis of Anisotropic Metal Nanocrystals" where anisotropic gold nanocrystal dispersions were prepared[9] and Caroll et al.'s "Droplet-Based Microfluidics for Emulsion and Solvent Evaporation Synthesis of Monodisperse Mesoporous Silica Microspheres" using droplet-based microfluidics as a method for the fabrication of monodisperse mesoporous silica particles.[10]

Historically, one of the limitations of chemical synthesis using droplet-based microfluidics is most synthesis reactions performed within droplets are single-step synthesis reactions, therefore droplet-based microfluidics were not particularly useful for complex systems that required multi-step chemical syntheses.[11][12] However, with new researches and technological development, droplet-based microfluidic systems are now capable of performing complex chemical synthesis.[12] Taking advantage of continuous flows, droplet formation, and emulsions, advanced particles and particle-based materials, such as polymer particles, microcapsules, nanocrystals, and photonic crystal clusters or beads can be synthesized with the assistance of droplet-based microfluidics. [13] Nanoparticles, such as colloidal CdS and CdS/CdSe core-shell nanoparticles, can also be synthesized through multiple steps on a millisecond time scale in a microfluidic droplet-based system[14] Two most common methods to add reagents to droplets in multi-step synthesis are to directly nozzle the reagents into the passing droplets or to "combine two individual droplets containing the different reactants", hence correcting channel clogging - a common problem in multi-step synthesis using droplet-based microfluidics. [12][14]

In order for chemical synthesis using droplet-based microfluidics to be initiated and sustained, several elements have to be taken into considerations. As fluid flow in microfluidic systems are controlled by Reynolds number, low Reynolds numbers (Re) (generally below 250) has to be maintained in order to keep the fluid flow in the laminar flow regime[4]. Low Re ensures that there is no turbulence and hence no back-mixing within the device when chemical reactions occur.[1] Control of multi-phase aspect in microfluidic devices is also a subject of interest in current research. Aside from simple molecular fluid systems comprising water or oil-based fluids, more complex fluid systems such as nanoemulsion continuous phase are also being developed; this could potentially expand the applications of droplet-based microfluidics in material fabrication.[15]

Chemical synthesis using droplet-based microfluidics has multiple implications in the discipline of life sciences. Lab-on-a-chip uses microfluidics to successfully imitate and mimic chemical and biological processes in humans and other subjects of interest. Chemical syntheses performed on organs-on-a-chip can be used to generate new compounds and to study the effect and drug interaction of such compouds with the organs of interest.[16] Drug discovery and drug delivery can be studied using lab-on-a-chip.[16] Other organs-on-a-chip can be used to study interactions between cells and how cells respond to stimuli and drugs in vitro, with comparable composition characteristics and properties as humans' cells in vivo.[17] Other applications of chemical synthesis assisted by dropled-based microfluidics include cell engineering, cell and synthetic biology, etc.[11]

1. ↑ Elvira, Katherine S.; i Solvas, Xavier Casadevall; Wootton, Robert C. R.; deMello, Andrew J. (2013-11-01). "The past, present and potential for microfluidic reactor technology in chemical synthesis". Nature Chemistry. 5 (11): 905–915. doi:10.1038/nchem.1753. ISSN 1755-4330. 
2. ↑ Elvira, Katherine S.; i Solvas, Xavier Casadevall; Wootton, Robert C. R.; deMello, Andrew J. (2013-11-01). "The past, present and potential for microfluidic reactor technology in chemical synthesis". Nature Chemistry. 5 (11): 905–915. doi:10.1038/nchem.1753. ISSN 1755-4330. 
3. ↑ Dittrich, Petra S.; Manz, Andreas (2006-03-01). "Lab-on-a-chip: microfluidics in drug discovery". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 5 (3): 210–218. doi:10.1038/nrd1985. ISSN 1474-1776. 
4. ↑ Elvira, Katherine S.; i Solvas, Xavier Casadevall; Wootton, Robert C. R.; deMello, Andrew J. (2013-11-01). "The past, present and potential for microfluidic reactor technology in chemical synthesis". Nature Chemistry. 5 (11): 905–915. doi:10.1038/nchem.1753. ISSN 1755-4330. 
5. ↑ Mashaghi, Samaneh; Abbaspourrad, Alireza; Weitz, David A.; van Oijen, Antoine M. (2016-09-01). "Droplet microfluidics: A tool for biology, chemistry and nanotechnology". TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 82: 118–125. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.019. 
6. ↑ Mashaghi, Samaneh; Abbaspourrad, Alireza; Weitz, David A.; van Oijen, Antoine M. (2016-09-01). "Droplet microfluidics: A tool for biology, chemistry and nanotechnology". TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 82: 118–125. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.019. 
7. ↑ Mashaghi, Samaneh; Abbaspourrad, Alireza; Weitz, David A.; van Oijen, Antoine M. (2016-09-01). "Droplet microfluidics: A tool for biology, chemistry and nanotechnology". TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 82: 118–125. doi:10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.019. 
8. ↑ Dittrich, Petra S.; Manz, Andreas (2006-03-01). "Lab-on-a-chip: microfluidics in drug discovery". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 5 (3): 210–218. doi:10.1038/nrd1985. ISSN 1474-1776. 
9. ↑ Duraiswamy, S. and Khan, S. A. (2009), Droplet-Based Microfluidic Synthesis of Anisotropic Metal Nanocrystals. Small, 5: 2828–2834. doi:10.1002/smll.200901453
10. ↑ Carroll, Nick J.; Rathod, Shailendra B.; Derbins, Erin; Mendez, Sergio; Weitz, David A.; Petsev, Dimiter N. (2008-02-01). "Droplet-Based Microfluidics for Emulsion and Solvent Evaporation Synthesis of Monodisperse Mesoporous Silica Microspheres". Langmuir. 24 (3): 658–661. doi:10.1021/la7032516. ISSN 0743-7463. 

MY DRAFT AFTER PEER REVIEWS:

Droplet-based microfluidics and chemical synthesis

Droplet-based microfluidics has become an important tool in chemical synthesis due to several attractive features. Microscale reactions allow for cost reduction through the usage of small reagent volumes, rapid reactions in the order of milliseconds, and efficient heat transfer that leads to environmental benefits when the amount of energy consumed per unit temperature rise can be extremely small. The degree of control over local conditions within the devices often makes it possible to select one product over another with high precision. With high product selectivity and small sizes of reagents and reaction environments come less stringent reaction clean-up and smaller footprint. Microdispersed droplets created by droplet-based chemistry are capable of acting as environments in which chemical reactions occur, as reagent carriers in the process of generating complex nanostructures. Droplets are also capable of being transformed into cell-like structures which can be used to mimic humans' biological components and processes.

Historically, one of the limitations of chemical synthesis using droplet-based microfluidics was that most synthesis reactions performed within droplets are single-step syntheses; and this method was not particularly useful for complex systems that required multi-step chemical syntheses. However, with new researches and technological development, droplet-based microfluidic systems are now capable of performing complex chemical synthesis. Taking advantage of continuous flows, droplet formation, and emulsions, advanced particles and particle-based materials, such as polymer particles, microcapsules, nanocrystals, and photonic crystal clusters or beads can be synthesized with the assistance of droplet-based microfluidics. Nanoparticles, such as colloidal CdS and CdS/CdSe core-shell nanoparticles, can also be synthesized through multiple steps on a millisecond time scale in a microfluidic droplet-based system Two most common methods to add reagents to droplets in multi-step synthesis are to directly nozzle the reagents into the passing droplets or to combine two individual droplets containing the different reactants. Channel clogging is a common problem in multi-step synthesis using droplet-based microfluidics using the first method and can be corrected using the second method.

Chemical synthesis using droplet-based microfluidics has multiple implications in the discipline of life sciences. Lab-on-a-chip is a device that uses microfluidics to successfully imitate and mimic chemical and biological processes in humans and other subjects of interest. Organs-on-a-chip takes advantage of chemical synthesis using microfluidics to study the effect of drug interaction with the studied organs of interest. Other organs-on-a-chip can be used to study interactions between cells and how cells respond to stimuli and drugs in vitro, with comparable composition characteristics and properties as humans' cells in vivo. Other applications of chemical synthesis assisted by droplet-based microfluidics include cell engineering, cell and synthetic biology.

REFLECTION:

I work in collaboration with Mitchell Kaiser on the article "Droplet-based Microfluidics: Chemical Synthesis". This was a sub-section of a new article in Droplet-based Microfluidics (team led by Nora Munger).

My main contributions:

1. Advantages of using droplet-based microfluidics as a method for chemical synthesis: reduction in cost, environmental benefits, high product selectivity, high degrees of reaction's environment control, etc.
2. Past limitation of chemical synthesis using droplet-based microfluidics - constraint to one-step synthesis and current use of droplet-based microfluidics to do complex and multi-step syntheses.
3. Examples of some multi-step syntheses and common method of adding reagents to multi-step syntheses.
4. Implications of chemical synthesis using droplet-baed microfluidics in other disciplines like biological science.

My response to peer reviews can be summarized as followed:

1. Per Mitchell's review, I deleted all direct quotes and replaced them with my own rephrasing. I also deleted the last section of the first paragraph, since the section only gave the names of the works and authors of the studies without going into details of their works. Although the studies are relevant to the topic, they were not well presented by me and do not contribute to the article as a whole.
2. I deleted the third paragraph about laminar flow and low Reynold number. Although those two factors are important to chemical synthesis done inside microfluidic devices, I also know acknowledge that those two factors were covered in other sections of the articles by other contributors.
3. Per Zach Scott's review, I linked multiple of terms that appear in my article to existing Wikipedia articles in order to give the readers more references if they want to learn more about the topic.
4. I edited my citations and correctly used "Re-use" citations instead of creating new citations for the same reference source.
5. I edited my wording to make my section about methods of mixing reagents in multistep syntheses more clear and edited my last paragraph to present the information more clearly

Thi assignment is valuable to my learning; I obtained new knowledge and read interesting and informative articles in the process. It also gives me the chance to learn more about Organs-on-a-chip, and Lab-on-a-chip, which is a learning objective of this class. This article is also valuable to other Wikipedia readers, possibly other students like us, who are interested in learning about Droplet-based microfluidics, and want an easy-to-understand and concise article about the topic. I think one way that the project can be improved for future courses is to keep all of the assignments on the Wikiedu page. It was really confusing when two of the assignments were done via emails and Google Docs and not the Wikiedu page (choosing topics and peer reviews) and I was not sure for a long time that the rest of the assignments could be done on my Sandbox. I therefore only used to to edit my draft for the article.