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Commission on Romanian and Yugoslav Affairs

Czechoslovak Commission



Gulyás, L. (Ed.). (2021). A katonai megszállástól a magyar békedelegáció elutazásáig, 1918–1920. In A trianoni békediktátum története hét kötetben (Vol. II/2). Egyesület Közép-Európa Kutatására.

Gulyás, L. (Ed.). (2019). Apponyi beszédétől a Határkijelölő Bizottságok munkájának befejezéséig. In A trianoni békediktátum története hét kötetben (Vol. III). Egyesület Közép-Európa Kutatására.

Gulyás, L. (Ed.). (2020). Térképek a trianoni békediktátum történetéhez. In A trianoni békediktátum története hét kötetben (Vol. IV). Egyesület Közép-Európa Kutatására.


1922

[edit]

1923

[edit]

10 January - Hagensdorf and Luising handed over to Austria

16 February - Somoskőújfalu returned to Hungary

2 March - First radio service established in Csepel[1]

19 June - Gyula Gömbös resigns from his position as Vice-president of Unity Party[2]

2 August - Gyula Gömbös and other far-right members leave the Unity Party[3]

17 October - Reparations Committee tranfers the loan proposal to Hungary to the League of Nations, which accepts it by late November[4]

7 November - Ferenc Ulain and his associates who entertained relations with Ludendorff and Hitler taken into custody in Budapest.

30 November - The financial committee of the League of Nations approves a 250 million Korona loan to Hungary

18 December - Friendship treaty between Hungary and Turkey

1924

[edit]

5-6 March - UK, France and Italy agrees on a 250 million Korona loan from the League of Nations. The country is placed under the League's financial control for two years.[5]

17-30 March - Miners of Dorog and Pilisvörösvár go to strike

18 April - National Assembly passes the Economic Rehabilitation Bill (Acts IV, V and VI of 1924)

24 June - Hungarian National Bank founded, Royall Tyler as its advisor

26 June - Transfer of the League of Nations loan begins

26 August - Soviet-Hungarian negotiations begin in Berlin over establishing

9 October - István Szabó of Nagyatád is forced to resign as head of the Smallholders/Unity Party, he dies in a month

23 November - Gyula Gömbös' fraction forms the Hungarian National Independence Party, also known as the Party of Racial Defense

1 December - Hungarian Democratic Alliance (MSZDP, MDP, Kossuth Party) declares passive resistance and leaves Parliament[6]

1925

[edit]

1 January - Act XXI of 1924 on autonomous customs' policy comes into effect[7]

4 February - 14 April - Miners in Tatabánya on strike

7 April - Socialist Workers' Party of Hungary established

14 April - Soviet-Hungarian negotiations broken off

21-22 May - Municipal elections, Hungarian Democratic Alliance victory in Budapest

26 May - Hungarian Democratic Alliance ends passive resistance[8]

30 June - István Vági is taken into custody

18-21 August - First Congress of the Communist Party of Hungary in Vienna

23 August - Act XXVI of 1925 codifies the 1922 electoral system[9]

9-14 October - The Supreme Court of Hungary trials on the Frank Affair

11 November - Upper House re-established[10]

1 December - Budapest Radio Studio established, start of regular radio operation[11]

10 December - Frank Affair distributors depart from Budapest

14 December - Officer Jankovich and his two accomplices in the Frank Affair arrested at The Hague leads to the collapse of their conspiracy

1926

[edit]

24 March - 1926:VII Act on the establishment and maintenance of public schools

1 July - League of Nations financial control ends

29 August - 400 year anniversary of the Battle of Mohács. Horthy holds a speech attempting to improve relations with Yugoslavia[12]

11 November - The National Assembly passes Act XXII of 1926 on the restoration of the Upper House

8–15 December - 1926 Hungarian parliamentary election

27 December - Introduction of the Pengő, the new Hungarian currency pegged to the Gold Standard

1927

[edit]

31 January - The National Assembly is replaced by a bicameral legislature, the House of Representatives and the House of Magnates

31 March - End of allied military control[13]

5 April - Friendship treaty between Hungary and Italy[14]

1 May - Mária Valéria Bridge is re-opened

21 June - Lord Rothermere publishes Hungary's Place in the Sun in the Daily Mail

27 July - Hungarian Revision League established, lead by Ferenc Herczeg[15]

5 September - Tihany Institute of Biology established[16]

9 November - Communist leader Zoltán Szántó is sentenced to 8.5 years of penal service

1928

[edit]

1 January - Weapon shipments from Austria intercepted at Szentgotthárd[17]

5 September - Gyula Gömbös dissolves his Hungarian National Independence Party, "revises" his radical views, rejoins the Unity Party and the Bethlen Government

1929

[edit]
  • 12 June - Bethlen negotiates with the French government in Paris
  • 29 September - Foundation of the Hungarian Mickiewicz Society for Polish-Hungarian cultural relations
  • 4-18 October - Miners in Pécs on strike
  • 10 October - Gyula Gömbös becomes Minister of Defense

1930

[edit]

10 January - The Hague Conference - Hungary is to pay 13.5 Million Pengő/year until 1966

15 May - League of Nations financial supervision over Hungary ends

15 June - Bethlen negotiates with the British in London

1 September - Over 100 thousand workers protest the Horthy regime in Budapest

24 October - Formation of the Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party

22 November - Bethlen negotiates with the German government

23 November - Danube bridge at Dunaföldvár opened

1931

[edit]

28–30 June - 1931 Hungarian parliamentary election

13 July - The government announces a 3-day bank shutdown[18]; extended to July 30th

7 August - The Assembly establishes the "Committee of 33" to financially oversee the government

14 August - 5 million Pound sterling loan granted to Hungary on rigorous terms

19 August - István Bethlen resigns as Prime Minister

24 August - Gyula Károlyi Government formed

13 Septemeber - Szilveszter Matuska blows up the Biatorbágy Viaduct, kills 22 people

19 September - Martial Law declared, right of assembly suspended

23 December - Hungary ceases all foreign cash transfers except for the League of Nations loan

1932

[edit]

18 February - Gendarmerie fires at peasants in Pacsa, Zala County. 4 people are killed.

5 April - Népszava is banned by the Ministry of Interior

4 May - Bethlen criticizes the government in Parlament as part of the Agrarian block

16 June - Zoltán Meskó founds his National Socialist Party[19]

29 July - Underground communists Imre Sallai, Sándor Fürst, and Frigyes Karikás executed, the only such execution under emergency powers.[20]

12 September - Railway electrification finished between Budapest-Keleti and Komárom

1 October - Gömbös Government formed

10 October - Martial law ends

25 October - Gömbös publishes his 95 point National Workplan

6 December - Tibor Eckhardt elected as the president of the Independent Smalloholders' Party

1933

[edit]

6 February - The government suspends right of assembly

17-19 June - Gömbös visits Chancellor Hitler

7 July - Act XXIII of 1933 expands the power of the regent

23 July - Gömbös visits Mussolini in Rome

18 September - German Vice Chancellor von Papen visits Budapest

1934

[edit]

6 February - Hungary establishes diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union

21 February - II. Supplementary Agreement of the 1931. German-Hungarian Trade Agreement significantly expands trade relations between the two countries

17 March - Rome Protocols between Hungary, Austria and Italy

12 July - Rome Protocols come into effect

19 October - Gömbös visits Warsaw

23 October - Railway electrification finished between Komárom–Hegyeshalom

4-7 November - Gömbös meets with the Austrian Chancellor in Vienna

1935

[edit]

4 March - Gömbös Government dissolves the House of Representatives

6 March - István Bethlen leaves the Unity Party

31 March – 7 April - 1935 Hungarian parliamentary election

24 May - Göring visits Budapest, invites Gömbös to Germany

26 September - Gömbös visits Germany

1936

[edit]

14 May - Gyula Gömbös on a sick leave, Regent Horthy appoints Darányi as acting Prime Minister

22 August - Conference between Horthy and Hitler in Berchtesgaden

6 October - Gyula Gömbös dies in office

12 October - Darányi Government formed

24 November - Regent Horthy visits Rome

1937

[edit]

15 March - March Front founded

12 September - Petőfi Bridge is opened

1938

[edit]

5 March - Darányi announces the Győr Program

12-13 March - Anschluss, Hungary now borders Nazi Germany

14 May - Imrédy Government formed

25-30 May - 34th International Eucharistic Congress held in Budapest

29 May - First Jewish Law (XV. of 1938), ratio of Jews in certain professions caped at 20%

22 August - Bled Agreement, in exchange for non-aggression guarantee the Little Entente accepts Hungary's right to re-arm

2 November - First Vienna Award returns 12 thousand km2 of Southern Slovakia. Of the 1.1 Million new inhabitants, 86% is Hungarian

1939

[edit]

16 February - Second Pál Teleki Government formed

24 February - Hungary joins the Anti-Comintern Pact. The Soviet Union breaks diplomatic relations.

15 March - Hungary invades Carpathean Ruthenia. 12 thousand km2 land and 600 thousand people are annexed, only 7% Hungarian.

23-31 March - Slovak–Hungarian War

5 May - Second Jewish Law (IV. of 1939), Jewish quotas lowered to 6-12%

28–29 May - 1939 Hungarian parliamentary election

18 September - Hungary opens its borders to Polish refugees

1940

[edit]

30 September - Second Vienna Award returns Northern Transylvania (including Székelyföld) and Partium to Hungary. Hungary gains 43 thousand km2 and 2.2 Million people, 51.4% Hungarian.

30 September - Soviet-Hungarian Trade Agreement

20 November - Hungary joins the Tripartite Pact

1941

[edit]

3 April - Pál Teleki commits suicide. László Bárdossy forms government.

11 April - Hungary joins the Invasion of Yugoslavia. Hungary annexes Bačka (Bácska), the Baranya Triangle, Međimurje and Prekmurje. Hungary gains 11 400 km2 and 1 million people, 37% of them Hungarian.

26 June - Kassa, Munkács and Rahó is bombed.

27 June - Hungary declares war on Soviet Union, joins Operation Barbarossa

8 August - Third Jewish Law (XV. of 1941), bans marriage between Jews and gentiles. It also expands the range of people considered Jews.

6 October - Anti-war protest at Batthyány's sanctuary lamp in Budapest

1942

[edit]

9 March - Miklós Kállay forms government

11 April - 2nd Hungarian Army deployed on the Eastern Front

1943

[edit]

13-27 January - Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh offensive destroys the 2nd Hungarian Army. Hungary looses 150 thousand casualties.

July - After the dissolution of the Comintern, the Hungarian Party of Communists is reformed as the Peace Party

23-29 August - Szárszó Meeting of Transylvanian Hungarian intellectuals

1944

[edit]

18 March - Horthy visits Hitler at Klessheim

19 March - Germany occupies Hungary

22 March - Döme Sztójay forms government

28 March - Government bans democratic parties

5 April - 1.240 M.E. of 1944 decree - Jews are obliged to wear a six-pointed yellow star on their clothes in the street

17 April - 12 May - 1st Army's Kolomea-Nadworna Offensive.

May - The Peace Party, MSZDP, FKgP, NPP and legitimists form an underground alliance named Hungarian Front

15 May - Deportation of Hungarian Jews begins

2 June - Allied bombing of Cluj

23 June - Döme Sztójay becomes a Vitéz

23 August - Romania switches sides to the Allies

27 August - Soviets invades Hungary at the Oituz Pass (Ojtozi Pass)

29 August - Géza Lakatos forms government

5 September - Hungary invades Romania, captures Torda

8 September - Soviets capture Sepsiszentgyörgy

13 September - Soviets capture Székelyudvarhely

19 September - Soviet-Romanian troops defeat Hungary around Păuliș

23 September - Soviet troops cross the Trianon border at Battonya

26 September - Soviets capture Makó, the first major town within the Trianon borders

28 September - Soviets capture Marosvásárhely

29 September - Soviets enter Carpathean Ruthenia at Zemplénoroszi

2 October - Soviets capture Nagyvárad

4 October - Soviets capture Torda

6-29 October - Battle of Debrecen

11 October -

Delegation of Gábor Faragho signs preliminary armistice with the Soviet Union in Moscow

Soviets capture Kolozsvár, Szeged

15 October - Horthy announces the armistice via radio, Operation Panzerfaust overthrows Horthy

16 October - Ferenc Szálasi becomes Prime Minister, forms the Government of National Unity

17 October - Soviets capture Máramarossziget

20 October - Soviets capture Debrecen

21 October - Soviets capture Baja on the Danube

25 October - Soviets capture Szatmárnémeti

26 October - Soviets capture Munkács

27 October - Soviets capture Ungvár

29 October - Budapest Offensive begins

November - 1944 Hungarian parliamentary election in the Soviet occupied areas

1 November - Soviets capture Nyíregyháza, Kecskemét

2 November - Soviet advance crosses into Budapest at Pestszentimere

4 November -

Ferenc Szálasi becomes head of state (Leader of the Nation, Nemzetvezető)

Government of National Unity flees from Budapest to Farkasgyepű

Margit Bridge is accidentally blown up between Pest and Margaret Island

5 November - Hungarian Communist Party founded in Szeged

9 November - Endre Bajcsy-Zsilinszky forms the Hungarian National Uprising Liberation Committee (MNFFB)

14 November - József Beszédes Bridge at Dunaföldvár blown up

22 November - MNFFB leadership arrested, many later executed

23 November - Hitler declares Budapest a fortress city to be defended to the end

25 November - Government of National Unity flees to various locations in West Transdanubia known as Gyepű II.

29 November - Soviets capture Pécs

30 November - Retreating Germans blow up the Lakihegy Tower

1 December - Soviets capture Tamási

2 December - Hungarian National Independence Front (MNFF) established in Szeged as the successor organization to Hungarian Front

Soviets capture Kaposvár

3 December - Soviets capture Miskolc

6 December - Soviets capture Marcali

8 December - Germans re-capture Marcali

10 December - Soviets capture Vác

20 December -

Soviet attack breaks through the Margit Line

Soviets capture Ipolyság, Ózd

21 December -

Provisional People's Assembly convenes in Debrecen

Soviets capture Salgótarján, Rimaszombat, Léva

22 December - Béla Miklós forms the Provisional National Government

23 December - Soviets capture Székesfehérvár

24 December - Soviets invade Buda from Budakeszi, reach Pasarét. Germans blow up the Újpest Railway Bridge

26 December - Budapest encircled by Soviets, Soviets capture Esztergom, Szentendre, Salgótarján. Mária Valéria Bridge is blown up

28 December - Provisional Government declares war on Germany

31 December - Southern Railway Bridge is blown up in Budapest

1945

[edit]

1 January - Operation Konrad I launched

6 January - Germans re-capture Esztergom

7 January - Operation Konrad II launched

9 January - Soviets capture Kassa

11 January - Soviets capture Pilisszentkereszt

14 January - Petőfi Bridge is blown up

16 January - Szabadság Bridge is blown up

17 January - Operation Konrad III launched

18 January - Pest is fully under Soviet control, Elizabeth Bridge, Chain Bridge and the remaining segment of Margaret Bridge between Margaret Island and Buda is blown up

20 January - Armistice between Hungary and Soviet Union

22 January - Germans re-capture Székesfehérvár

24 January - Germans re-capture Baracska, 30 km from Budapest

26 January - Furthest extend of Operation Konrad III gets 25 km from Budapest

27 January - Szálasi announces a new Hungarian coat of arms, with the Arrow Cross and the letter H behind the traditional shield.

11 February - Axis troops attempt to break out from Budapest

13 February - Last Axis troops in Budapest surrender

17-24 February - Operation Südwind, Soviet bridgehead on the west bank of the Hron eliminated

6-15 March - Operation Spring Awakening

21 March - Soviets capture Székesfehérvár

23 March - Soviets capture Veszprém

26 March - Soviets capture Győr

28 March - Soviets capture Komárom

28-29 March - Szálasi flees Hungary. Government of National Unity relocates to various locations around Passau known as Gyepű III.

1 April - Soviets capture Sopron

29 March - Soviets capture Zalaegerszeg, Szombathely

31 March - Soviets capture Mosonmagyaróvár

2 April - Soviets capture Nagykanizsa

4 April - The traditional date for the End of WWII in Hungary

13 April - Soviets capture Pinkamindszent, the last Hungarian village to be liberated within the Trianon borders

14 April - Soviets capture Prekmurje and Međimurje, the last Hungarian territory by the 1941 borders

26 April - Temporary bridge is established across the Danube at the Southern Railway Bridge

6 May - Szálasi is captured at Mattsee

4 November - 1945 Hungarian parliamentary election



  • Szinai, M., & Szűcs, L. (1965). The Confidential Papers of Admiral Horthy. Corvina.




Istvánmező uprising
Clockwise from top left:
  • CRadnóti during the Operation Moe IV./3 approach
  • Thököly út during the Twenty-third OKISZ-TH raid (Operation Ipswitch 8)
  • The Liget Salient during the Great Istvánean Southern Offensive
  • Dürer-side central chamber during the Ninth Dürerite Emergency
  • ADS-DGU corner during the Fifty-eighth ADS-DGU Offensive
  • Yblite HQ duting the Siege of the Romanian Embassy
Date9 September 2021 – 27 August 2022 (2021-09-09 – 2022-08-27) (352 days)[21]
Location
Istvánmező Pocket (THU-DGU-ADS-SFU) ,Zugló, Budapest, Hungary
Result

Rebel victory

Participants

Radnóteans

  • Radsen
  • Opeation Moe Core (OMC)
  • Dormatorians
  • "Kindergarden Kingdoms"

OKISZ High Command

  • CAU7 Core
  • THU64 Core
  • The White House

Petrikites

  • Southern Core
  • Gustavite Anarchy
  • Sweetshop Republic
  • The Zsír

Istváneans

  • Radnótean moderates
  • Teacher's Core

Dürerites

Yblites

  • Stefánieans
  • Romanian Embassy Group

ELTE Ajtósi Dürer Kollégium

The Underground Nation

  • The Frontier
  • Smugglers
  • IT Core

Rouge Groups

  • Soporean Terror Wheel
  • Popular movements
  • Kara's campaign
  • Union of Lunyasses
  • Adventurers and Suriviors

Hungary Hungary

Romania Romania (September - October 2021)
Commanders and leaders

The Commander Higgen Spitz

  • Sir Frutzan
  • Gustav I
  • Zsokó
  • Tibor Lázár

Kara II

Anne of the Corner

The fake Higgen Spitz

Hungary Viktor Orbán

Romania Ludovic Orban

Romania Daniel Petrescu
Casualties and losses
  • Total dead:
  • Over 20 000
[22]


Resolution PartyAddress Party
Far-LeftLeft CentreDeák Party
Principled Left Centre
'48 Independence PartyIndependence PartyLiberal PartyConservative Party
United Oppostition
Moderate Opposition
National Party
Ugron PartyParty of Independence and '48
Catholic People's PartyNational Party
Dissidents
National Christian Socialist Party
National SocietyNational Constitution Party
Kossuth PartyJusth Party
National Party of Work
United Party of Independence and '48
National Constitution Party
Christian Social People's PartyKárolyi Party
'48 Constitution Party



MSZMP{{{SZDSZ}}}{{{FIDESZ}}}{{{FKGP}}}{{{KDNP}}}{{{MDF}}}
{{{MMP}}}{{{MSZP}}}
{{{FKGP}}}{{{EKGP}}}
{{{MIÉP}}}
{{{MSZP}}}{{{SZDSZ}}}
{{{MKDSZ}}}{{{MDNP}}}
{{{FIDESZ}}}{{{FKGP}}}{{{MDF}}}
{{{MSZP}}}{{{SZDSZ}}}
{{{JBK}}}
{{{MSZP}}}{{{SZDSZ}}}
{{{LMP}}}{{{FIDESZ}}}{{{KDNP}}}
{{{DK}}}{{{EGT}}}
{{{PM}}}
{{{Együtt-PM}}}













Archibald Cary Coolidge - mission to Vienna[23]Mission to Budapest - Alonzo E. Taylor (Hoover's second)

Hugh Gibson, Capt. Thomas Gregory, Col. William Causey[24]

History of the franchise in Hungary

Period Law Elections Percentage

of population

Female Suffrage? Secret? Age Economic census Education census
1848-1874 Article V of 1848 1848,

1861-1872

7.2% No No 20 House/Land worth ≥300 000 Ft

Manufacturers, artisans with ≥1 assistant

≥100 Ft yearly income

Teachers, scientists, academic artists, doctors, lawyers, pastors, village clerks, regardless of income
1874-1913 Article XXXIII of 1874 1875-1910 6% No No 20 Pay income tax for ≥105 Ft yearly income

Artisans paying taxes for ≥1 assistant

Teachers, scientists, academic artists, doctors, lawyers, pastors, village clerks, certified foresters and miners, regardless of income
1913-1918 Article XIV of 1913 - 10% No Only in large cities 21 (Intelectuals)

30 (others)

Elementary school (6th grade) graduates
  • Licensed industrialists
  • Employed as production supervisor
  • Employed for 3 years
  • Works as a supporting family member in a voter's farm, industrial business or company
  • Non-commissioned officers
  • Paying ≥2 Korona in taxes

Other literates

  • Licensed industrialists
  • Employers of ≥1 assistant
  • Paying ≥ 20 Korona in taxes

Illiterates

  • Paying ≥40 Korona in taxes
 Secondary school graduates, regardless of income
1918 Article XVII of 1918

(Lex Vázsonyi)

- 15% No Only in large cities 21
  • Paying ≥ 10 Korona in taxes
  • Owning 8 acres of land
  • Licensed industrialists
  • Permanently employed in public or private services
  • Non-commissioned officers
  • Recipients of Medal for Bravery or Károly Cross
 Elementary school (6th grade) graduates
1918-1919 No. I of 1918 people's law - 50% Partial Yes 21 (men)

24 (women)

- Literacy for women
1919 1919 Yes Yes 18 Entrepreneurs, traders, unemployed excluded Clergy excluded
1919-1922 5985. M.E. of 1919 s. decree 1920 40% Yes Yes 24 - Literacy for women
1922-1925 2200 M.E. of 1922 s. decree

(Lex Bethlen)

1922 29% Partial Only in large cities 24 (men)

30 (women)

Permanent residence for 2 years
  • Except for: Teachers, pastors, public officials, employed university graduates, members of the National Theater Association
 Elementary school graduates
  • 4th grade for men, women who are self-sufficient or gave birth to ≥3 children (alive or died in war)
  • 6th grade for other women
  • University graduates regardless of age or gender
1925-

1938

Article XXVI of 1925 1926-1935
1938-1945 Article XIX of 1938 1939 Partial

(if wife or widow of a voter)

Yes 26 (men)

30 (women)

Permanent residence for 6 years

Self-sufficient women

Literate, but did not graduate 6th grade

  • Non-commissioned officers
  • War invalids
  • Károly Cross recipiants
  • Industrialists
  • Farmers with income ≥40 Korona
  • Farmers with land ≥4-10 acres
  • Employed for the same employer for 4 years
 Literate women who gave birth to ≥3 children (alive or died in war)

Elementary school (6th grade) graduates

Secondary school graduates above 26 regardless of gender

University graduates regardless of age or gender

1945-1947 Article VIII of 1945 1945 60% Yes Yes 20 - -
1947-1949 Article XXII of 1947 1947 50% Yes Yes 20 - -
1949-1989 Constitution of 1949 1949-1985 Yes Yes 18 - -
1989- Article XXXIV of 1989 1990- Yes Yes 18 - -






Urban and Suburban Transit Association

Dávid Vitézy (Budapest, December 1, 1985 –) is a Hungarian economist, transport and urban mobility expert, former state secretary responsible for transportation. Between 2000 and 2010, he was the head of the working group of the Urban and Suburban Transport Association (VEKE), a member of the board, and since 2006 its spokesperson. Between 2010 and 2014, he was the founding CEO of the Budapest Transport Center,[2][3][4] in 2015, for 6 months, he was the ministerial commissioner overseeing the development of public transport, especially regional and long-distance relations, at the Ministry of National Development. [5] Since January 2016, he has been the general director of the Hungarian Museum of Technology and Transport.[6] From February 2020, the general director of the Budapest Development Center (BFK) will cease to exist, and from May 2022, he will be the acting general director of the legal successor of the organization, the National Transport Center (NKK), as state secretary in the field of expertise.[7] In 2015, he was included in the New Europe 100 list of innovators in the Central and Eastern European region, whose prestigious list is noted by the hundred personalities who play a leading role in the development of the region. He is a participant in numerous domestic and international professional conferences and round-table discussions, regularly gives lectures at universities in various parts of the world, and is one of the best-known domestic transport experts.





Bombing of Facsád (Făget)

  1. ^ Romsics 2004, pp. 431
  2. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 109
  3. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 109
  4. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 110
  5. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 110
  6. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 111
  7. ^ Romsics 2004, pp. 431
  8. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 112
  9. ^ Romsics 2004, pp. 431
  10. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 112
  11. ^ Romsics 2004, pp. 431
  12. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 123
  13. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 124
  14. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 124
  15. ^ Romsics 2004, pp. 432
  16. ^ Romsics 2004, pp. 432
  17. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 126
  18. ^ Ormos 1998, pp. 128
  19. ^ Ormos 1998, p. 144
  20. ^ Ormos 1998, p. 144
  21. ^ "Example". Example. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
  22. ^ "Example". Example. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
  23. ^ Glant, T. (2002). HERBERT HOOVER AND HUNGARY, 1918-1923. Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies (HJEAS), 8(2), 95–109. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41274190
  24. ^ Anonymous (2017-11-13). "Manuscript Collections - Wiiliam B. Causey Papers". The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
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