User:Urkumanta/sandbox

History

Lakota

Total population
30,183 (2010 census)
Regions with significant populations
(Loja, Ecuador and United States (Zamora, Ecuador and Spain)
Languages
Kichwa, Spanish
Religion
Traditional Andean religion Christianity

Saraguro Political Leaders and Intellectuals

Luis Fernando Sarango Macas

Bachelor of Social, Political and Economic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Loja. Bachelor of Education Sciences specializing in Andean Linguistics and Bilingual Education from Universidad de Cuenca. Lawyer at Republic of Ecuador's Courts and Tribunals, Universidad Nacional de Loja. Diploma in Intercultural Research, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Master in University Teaching, Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaraguense URACCAN, Nicaragua. PhD in Jurisprudence, Universidad Nacional de Loja. He belongs to the Kichwa Saraguro Indigenous People, Province of Loja - Ecuador. Leader of Education at the Coordination of Organizations of the Kichwa Saraguro People CORPUKIS - ECUARUNARI - CONAIE. Pushak / Rector of the Pluriversity "Amawtay Wasi", academic space of education of the Peoples and Nationalities of Ecuador. Rector of Universidad Comunitaria Intercultural de las Nacionalidades y Pueblos Indigenas "Amawtay Wasi", 2013 - 2015. First Coordinator of the Network of Indigenous, Intercultural and Community Universities of Abya Yala RUIICAY, 2008-2010. President of the Academic Council of the Universidad Indigena Intercultural UII-FILAC in La Paz, Bolivia. Author of the book: "The Education Paradigm of Abya Yala."

Contemporary Activism

Saraguro activists are fighting for food sovereignty, water protection, against polluting mining, legal pluralism, Indigenous Justice and autonomy from the Ecuadorian State.

Film

The film Saraguro: Historia Escrita con Sangre Inka (Saraguro: A History Written with Inka Blood) traces the roots of the origins of the Saraguro people by combining anthropological data with Inkan cosmovision in consultation with the Saraguro people.

External Sources

These are external sources about the Saraguro people and geography as well as institutions where Saraguro intellectuals are or have contributed with their knowledge:

Amawtay Wasi Pluriversity (Pluriversidad Amawtay Wasi)

I.C.C.I (Instituto Científico de Culturas Indígenas--Scientific Institute of Indigenous Cutures)

Saraguro.org

Behind scenes--Saraguro: Historia Escrita con Sangre Inka

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The Saraguro is a people of the Kichwa nation most of whom live in

Saraguro Canton in the Loja Province of Ecuador.  Although 

most now speak Spanish, Runashimi or Kichwa, a Quechua dialect, is also spoken and language revitalization efforts are being implemented. Likewise, the Saraguro have retained much of their land, customs and traditional dress. According to

the [http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/censo-de-poblacion-y-vivienda/ 

INEC]'s 2010 population census, the total population of Saraguro canton is 30,183. That total includes both the Indigenous and non-Indigenous people living in Saraguro.

The Saraguro may be the descendants of people re-settled from distant regions in the Inca Empire in the 15th and early 16th century.

Urkumanta/sandbox

Indigenous and non-IndigenousSaraguro youths and their professor during the 2017 high school graduation.
Total population
30,183 (2010 census)
Regions with significant populations
Ecuador and some regions of the United States and some regions in Spain
Languages
Kichwa, Spanish
Religion
Andean Kichwa Cosmovision Christianity

Origins

A Saraguro woman wearing a traditional dress.

In the 1460s the Inca empire conquered the Saraguro area. The pre-Inca people may have been the barely-known Palta or the Cañari. The ancestors of the modern-day Saraguro people, according to oral traditions, were moved to Saraguro by the Incas from other areas, possibly the Colla or other people from the Lake Titicaca and Cuzco regions. The Incas had a policy of forcibly moving people from one region of the empire to another, thereby

diversifying the population and dispersing possible opposition to their
rule.  The resettlement policy was called mitma. The numbers 

resettled were large, estimated to be up to 80 percent of the population

of some provinces.

One Spanish document says that the ancestors of present-day Saraguros were elite soldiers in the Inca army. This statement is bolstered by the fact that the Saraguros live along the Inca road or Kapak Ñan that stretched from Cuzco

to Tumebamba (the northern capital of the Incas), and onward to 

Quito and thus occupied an important link for Inca communications and control of the empire. The town of Saraguro, however, seems to have been founded by the Spanish rather than the Incas although a number of Inca ruins are in the nearby area.

Whatever the facts about their origins. Saraguro in the 20th century celebrate their Inca heritage. In a debunked theory, some authors ascribe the black clothing typical of the Saraguro as a sign of mourning

for the death of the Inca Emperor Atahualpa.  Schools have been 

named after Inca emperors, Inca customs recreated, Inca architecture copied, and efforts made to preserve the Kichwa language. Historical records and oral traditions also attribute the traditional black and white colors of their clothing to ceremony and nobility, which were the meanings given by the Incas according to chronicler Cieza de León and recounted by the Saraguro. Being descendants of the elite soldiers of the Inca army, they retained that symbolism as well as the male population retained their long-braided hair, which was another marker of

nobility among the Incas. Black as a sign of mourning is not part of 

the Inca symbolism nor among the Saraguros but has been adopted, especially by the young generations. Likewise, they attribute the symbolic concepts of their clothing to a representation of the Curiquingue (carunculated caracara), which has black and white feathers and was a symbolic bird of the Inca royalty. The Curiquingue inhabits the Saraguro parish and páramos and its symbols

represented in costumes continue to be present in the Kapak Raymi (the 

Great Celebration) celebrations in Saraguro.

Carunculated Caracara

The Saraguros have retained control over their lands more successfully than many of the Andean subjects of Spanish and contemporary colonialism

 of the independent country of Ecuador. Part of 

this may be due to their initial hostility to the Spanish and the indigenous people who collaborated with them. More importantly, however,

the Saraguros were required by the Spanish to maintain an important 

tambo (inn or way-station) along a major communication route. They successfully argued that the operation and maintenance of the tambo required that they retain their land and its resources. They continued to manage the tambo until the 1940s when a motor road reached the area.

Contemporary Saraguros

Most of the Saraguros live at intermediate elevations in the Andes between 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) and 2,800 metres (9,200 ft). Traditionally they are farmers and livestock herders. A shortage of land in their homeland has led many to migrate eastward into the [[Zamora-Chinchipe Province]] of Ecuador. Others have migrated to Europe and the United States.

Many contemporary Saraguros are doctors, architects, engineers, musicians, photographers, construction workers, artisans, farmers, entrepreneurs, politicians, teachers, lawyers, cooks, activists.

Saraguro girl taking a selfie with the Wikis during a Kapak Raymi celebration in December 2017

Contemporary Activism

Saraguro activists are fighting for food sovereignty, water protection, against polluting mining, legal pluralism, Indigenous Justice and autonomy from the Ecuadorian State.

500 Years of Resistance

Saraguro Political Leaders and Intellectuals

Sisa Pacari Bacacela Gualan

===[https://lalineadefuego.info/?s=Inti+Vacacela Inti Cartuche Vacacela]===

Luis Fernando Sarango Macas

Bachelor of Social, Political and Economic Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Loja. Bachelor of Education Sciences specializing in Andean Linguistics and Bilingual Education from Universidad de Cuenca. Lawyer at Republic of Ecuador's Courts and Tribunals, Universidad Nacional de Loja. Diploma in Intercultural Research, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Master in University Teaching, Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaraguense URACCAN, Nicaragua. PhD in Jurisprudence, Universidad Nacional de Loja. He belongs to the Kichwa Saraguro Indigenous People, Province of Loja - Ecuador. Leader of Education at the Coordination of Organizations of the Kichwa Saraguro People CORPUKIS - ECUARUNARI - CONAIE. Pushak / Rector of the Pluriversity "Amawtay Wasi", academic space of education of the Peoples and Nationalities of Ecuador. Rector of Universidad Comunitaria Intercultural de las Nacionalidades y Pueblos

Indigenas "Amawtay Wasi", 2013 - 2015. First Coordinator of the Network
of Indigenous, Intercultural and Community Universities of Abya Yala 

RUIICAY, 2008-2010. President of the Academic Council of the Universidad

Indigena Intercultural UII-FILAC in La Paz, Bolivia. Author of the 

book: "[http://www.amawtaywasi.org/node/110 The Education Paradigm of Abya Yala]."

Salvador Quishpe

Urkumanta/sandbox

[[File:Indigenous and non-Indigenous Saraguro youth and their professor..jpg|thumb|Indigenous and non-IndigenousSaraguro youths and their professor during the 2017 high school graduation.]]
Total population
30,183 (2010 census)
Regions with significant populations
Ecuador and some regions of the {{country data United States|flag/core|name=United States|variant=|size=}} and some regions in Spain
Languages
Kichwa, Spanish
Religion
Andean Kichwa Cosmovision Christianity