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Mesopotamian dynasties range from the periods between 2900–2800 BC (Dynasty I), 2800–2600 BC (Dynasty II) and 2600–2334 BC (Dynasty III).[1] The first Dynastic period can be referred to as the Early Dynastic Period

Early Dynastic period

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Kings of Kish

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Image Name Comments Dates
Enmebaragesi Captured Dumuzid the Fisherman, king of Uruk, and led a campaign against Elam. c. 2900–2700 BC (EDI)
Aga_of_Kish_Stele_of_Ushumgal Aga of Kish Fought Gilgamesh at the walls of Uruk. c. 2900–2700 BC
Lugalmen Only known from the Names and Professions list. c. 2700–2600 BC
Lugal'utu Attested to at Mari and Kish as "the king", possibly indicating one super state under the kings of Kish. c. 2600 BC
Menunsi Head of a supra-regional organization, controlling, but not limited to, Uruk, Adab, Shurrupak, Sippar, Nippur, Umma, and Lagash. c. 2600 BC
Mesilim Acted as mediator in a conflict between Lugal-sha-engur, the ensi in Lagash, and the neighboring rival city state of Umma. Like Menunsi before him he also headed a supr-regional organization. c. 2550 BC
Uhub c. 2550 BC
Hinna'il Greek form: Seberchéres.

Owner of the Mastabat el-Fara'un.

c. 2450BC
Enbi-Ishtar According to Manetho the last king of the 4th dynasty. He is not archaeologically attested and thus possibly fictional. c. 2350 BC
Ur-Zababa c. 2350 BC

Late third to mid-second millennium BC

[edit]
Mesopotamia early period king list[2]
Dynasty of Agade
2300 BC Sargon of Akkad 2334–2279 BC
Rimush 2278–2270 BC
Manishtusu 2269–2255 BC
Naram-Sin 2254–2218 BC
2200 BC Sharkalisharri 2217–2193 BC
King unknown 2192–2190 BC
Dudu 2189–2169 BC Gudea (2nd Dynasty of Lagash]])
Shu-Turul 2168–2154 BC
3rd Dynasty of Ur
Ur-Namma 2112–2095 BC
2110 BC Shulgi 2094–2047 BC
Amar-Sin 2046–2038 BC
Shu-Sin 2037–2029 BC
Ibbi-Sin 2028–2004 BC
Isin-Larsa/Old Babylonian Period
Isin Larsa Babylon Assur
Ishbi-Erra 2017–1985 BC Naplanum 2025–2005 BC Ushpia circa 2030 BC
2000 BC Emisum 2004–1977 BC Apiashal
Shu-Ilishu 1984–1975 BC Sulili
Iddin-Dagan 1974–1954 BC Samium 1976–1942 BC
Ishme-Dagan 1953–1935 BC Zambaja 1941–1933 BC Kikkiya
Lipit-Ishtar 1934–1924 BC Gungunum 1932–1906 BC Akiya
Ur-Ninurta 1923–1896 BC Puzur-Ashur I circa 1975 BC
1900 BC Bur-Sin 1895–1897 BC Abisare 1905–1895 BC Shalim-ahum died 1946 BC
Lipit-Enlil 1873–1869 BC Sumuel 1894–1866 BC Sumuabum 1894–1881 BC Ilu-shumma 1945–1906 BC
Erra-imitti 1868–1861 BC Nur-Adad 1865–1850 BC Sumulael 1880–1845 BC Erishum I 1905–1867 BC
Enlil-bani 1860–1837 BC Sin-Iddinam 1849–1843 BC
Zambiya 1836–1834 BC Sin-Eribam 1842–1841 BC Sabium 1844–1831 BC Ikunun 1867–1860 BC
Iter-pisha 1833–1831 BC Sin-Iqisham 1840–1836 BC Sargon I 1865 BC
Ur-du-kuga 1830–1828 BC Silli-Adad 1835 BC Apil-Sin 1830–1813 BC Puzur-Assur II
Suen-magir 1827–1817 BC Warad-Sin 1834–1823 BC Erishum II 1819–1814 BC
1800 BC Damiq-ilishu 1816–1794 BC Rim-Sin I 1822–1763 BC Sin-muballit 1812–1793 BC Shamshi-Adad I 1813–1781 BC
Hammurabi 1792–1750 BC Ishme-Dagan 1790–1751 BC
Rim-Sin II Samsuiluna 1749–1712 BC Mut-Ashkur 1750
1700 BC Abi-eshuh 1711–1684 BC Rimush
Ammiditana 1683–1647 BC Asinum
Ammisaduqa 1646–1626 BC Adasi 1720 BC
1600 BC Samsuditana 1625–1595 BC
"Dark Age"

[3]

Mitanni

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Mitanni king list
Shuttarna I(son of Kirta)
Parattarnar
Saushtatar(son of Parsatatar)
Artatama I
Shuttarna II
Artashumara
Tushratta Artatama II
Shattiwaza Shuttarna III
Shattuara
Wasashatta
Shattuara II

[4]

Mid-second to first millennium BC

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Mesopotamia later period king list
Babylonia Assyria
Kassite Dynasty[5]
Gandaš
Agum Maḫrû
Kaštiliašu I
? Abi-Rattaš
? Kaštiliašu II
Urzigurumaš
Ḫarba-x, ? Ḫurbazum
? Šipta’ulzi
? Agum-Kakrime
1500 BC Burna-Buriaš I Puzur-Aššur III 1503–1479 BC
? Kaštiliašu III
? Ulamburiaš
? Agum III
?
Kara-indaš 1413 BC Aššur-bêl-nišešu 1407–1399 BC
1400 BC Kadašman-Ḫarbe I Middle Assyrian Kingdom
Kurigalzu I
Kadašman-Enlil I 1374–1360 BC Aššur-uballiṭ 1363–1328 BC
Burna-Buriaš II 1359–1333 BC
Kara-ḫardaš 1333 BC
Nazi-Bugaš 1333 BC
Kurigalzu II 1332–1308 BC Enlil-nīrāri 1327–1318 BC
Arik-den-ili 1317–1306 BC
1300 BC Nazi-Maruttaš 1307–1282 BC Adad-nīrāri I 1305–1274 BC
Kadašman-Turgu 1281–1264 BC Shalmaneser I 1273–1244 BC
Kadašman-Enlil II 1263–1255 BC
Kudur-Enlil 1254–1246 BC
Šagarakti-Šuriaš 1245–1233 BC Tukulti-Ninurta I 1243–1207 BC
Kaštiliašu IV 1232–1225 BC
Enlil-nādin-šumi 1224 BC
Kadašman-Ḫarbe II 1223 BC
Adad-šuma-iddina 1222–1217 BC
1200 BC Adad-šuma-uṣur 1216–1187 BC Assur-nadin-apli 1206–1203 BC
Assur-nirari III 1202–1197 BC
Enlil-Kudurri-usur 1196–1192 BC
Ninuta-apil-ekur 1191–1179 BC
Meli-Šipak 1186–1172 BC Aššur-dan I 1178–1133 BC
Marduk-apla-iddina I 1171–1159 BC
Zababa-šuma-iddina 1158 BC
Enlil-nādin-aḫi 1157–1155 BC
Post-Kassite Period[2]
Second Dynasty of Isin
Marduk-kabit-ahheshu 1157–1140 BC
Itti-Marduk-balatu 1139–1132 BC Assur-resh-ishi I 1132–1115 BC
Ninurta-nadin-shumi 1131–1126 BC
Nebuchadnezzar I 1125–1104 BC Tiglath-Pileser I 1114–1076 BC
Enlil-nadin-apli 1103–1100 BC
1100 BC Marduk-nadin-ahhe 1099–1082 BC
Marduk-shapik-zeri 1081–1069 BC
Adad-apla-iddina 1068–1047 BC Ashurnasirpal I 1049–1031 BC
Marduk-ahhe-eriba 1046 BC
Marduk-zer-X 1045–1034 BC
Nabu-shum-libur 1033–1026 BC
Second Sealand Dynasty
Simbar-shipak 1025–1008 BC
Ea-mukin-zeri 1008 BC
Kashshu-nadin-ahi 1007–1005 BC
Bazi Dynasty 1004–985 BC
1000 BC Eulmash-shakin-shumi 1004–988 BC
Ninurta-kudurri-usur I 987–985 BC
Shirikti-shuqamuna 985 BC
Elamite Dynasty 984–979 BC
Mar-biti-apla-usur 984–979 BC
Various Dynasties 978–626 BC
Nabû-mukin-apli 978–943 BC
Ninurta-kudurri-usur II 943 BC
Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina 942 BC Neo-Assyrian Empire
Shamash-mudammiq
Nabu-shuma-ukin I Assur-dan II 934–912 BC
900 BC Napu-apla-iddina Adad-nirari II 911–891 BC
Marduk-zakir-shumi I Tukulti-Ninurta II 890–884 BC
Marduk-balassu-iqbi 813 BC Assurnasirpal II 883–859 BC
Baba-aha-iddina 812 BC Shalmaneser III 858–824 BC
XNinurta-apl?-[x] Shamshi-Adad V 823–811 BC
800 BC Marduk-bel-zeri Adad-nirari III 810–783 BC
Marduk-apla-usur Shalmaneser IV 782–773 BC
Eriba-Marduk Assur-dan III 772–755 BC
Nabu-shuma-ishkun 760–748 BC Assur-nirari V 754–745 BC
Nabu-nasir 747–734 BC Tiglath-pileser III 744–727 BC
Nabu-nadin-zeri 733–732 BC
Nabu-shuma-ukin II 732 BC
Nabu-mukin-zeri 731–729 BC
Tiglath-pileser III/Pulu 728–727 BC
Shalmaneser V/Ululaju 726–722 BC Shalmaneser V 726–722 BC
Merodach-Baladan II 721–710 BC Sargon II 721–705 BC
Sargon II 709–705 BC
Sennacherib 704–703 BC Sennacherib 704–681 BC
Marduk-zakir-shumi 703 BC
Merodach-Baladan II 703 BC
700 BC Bel-ibni 702–700 BC
Assur-nadin-shumi 699–694 BC
Nergal-ushezib 693 BC
Mushezib-Marduk 692–689 BC
Sennacherib 688–681 BC
Esarhaddon 680–669 BC Esarhaddon 680–669 BC
Ashurbanipal 668 BC Ashurbanipal 668–627 BC
Shamash-shum-ukin 667–648 BC
Kandalanu 646–627 BC
interregnum Assur-etel-ilani
Sin-shuma-lishir Sin-shuma-lishir
Sin-shar-ishkun Sin-shar-ishkun
Assur-uballit II 611–608 BC
Neo-Babylonian Dynasty
600 BC Nabopolasser 625–605 BC
Nebuchadnezzar II 604–562 BC
Evil-Merodach 561–560 BC
Neriglissar 559–556 BC
Labashi-Marduk 556 BC
Nabonidus 555–539 BC

[6]

Eclipse and Venus observation records

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Venus Tablet of Ammisaduqa

Base on an Assyria record of Eclipse on June 15, 763 BC, and the related date documents between Assyria and Babylonia, the dates after 1400 BC are reliable. According to the Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa, a record of astronomical observations of Venus in Old Babylonian Empire king Ammisaduqa (1646–1626 BC), the rough date can be concluded. But about the accuracy date, the Historians have different opinions, in high chronology the finish date of Old Babylonian is 1651 BC, in middle chronology the finish date of Old Babylonian is 1595 BC,and in low chronology the finish date of Old Babylonian is 1531 BC. In this article we use the middle chronology, same as most of the books about Mesopotamia, but there are many evidence support the low chronology (even extreme low chronology).[7]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)".
  2. ^ a b J. A. Brinkman (1977). "Appendix: Mesopotamian Chronology of the Historical Period". In A. L. Oppenheim (ed.). Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization. Chicago. pp. 335–348. ISBN 9780226631868.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ The University of Pennsylvania Museum & Beijing World Art Museum 2007, pp. 154–155
  4. ^ The University of Pennsylvania Museum & Beijing World Art Museum 2007, p. 156
  5. ^ J. A. Brinkman (1976). "A Chronology of the Kassite Dynasty". Materials for the Study of Kassite History, Vol. I. Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. pp. 26–27.
  6. ^ The University of Pennsylvania Museum & Beijing World Art Museum 2007, pp. 157–159
  7. ^ The University of Pennsylvania Museum & Beijing World Art Museum 2007, pp. 27–28

Bibliography

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  • The University of Pennsylvania Museum; Beijing World Art Museum (Feb 2007). Mesopotamia (in Chinese) (1st ed.). Beijing: Heritage Press. ISBN 978-7-5010-2112-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)

Dynasties Mes Mesopotamian