User:Tobithias/AP5M1
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AP-5 complex subunit mu (AP5M1), otherwise known as MUDENG (MuD), is a protein that is encoded by the AP5M1 gene.[1] The AP5M1 gene was originally discovered when screening for genes which helped to promote death in Fas-mediated apoptosis.[2][3] It is a highly conserved gene.[2][4][3]
MuD is the medium-sized subunit of the AP5 adaptor complex.[5] MuD is expressed throughout the body and is located within both the mitochondria as well as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cells.[2][4][3]
MuD has been shown to have the ability to induce apoptosis; however, there is evidence that it plays an anti-apoptotic role in apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL).[2][4][3][6][7]
Structure
[edit]MuD consists of 490 amino acids that interact to form a tertiary structure with three domains.[4][3]
The overall structure shares similarities with adaptor protein (AP) complexes that are related to clathrin-mediated endocytosis; amino acids 197 through 417 are a shared adaptin domain found in AP μ subunits.[2][6]
Within the adaptin domain are two aspartic acids, D276 and D290, which serve as binding sites for caspase-3.[6]
Function
[edit]The overall function of MuD remains unclear.[7] It is known, however, that MuD regulates the expression of BAX, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins.[4][7] Due to— and dependent upon— this relationship, MuD has been able to induce cell death in tumor cells.[2][4][7]
Additionally, MuD has been suggested to be involved in endosomal trafficking.[2][4][5][7]
TRAIL and MuD
[edit]TRAIL, an apoptosis-inducing ligand, activates caspase-8 and caspase-3, which initiate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by cleaving BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (Bid) into tBID, another pro-apoptotic member of the Bl-2 protein family.[3][4][6][8] MuD interferes with this process because D276 and D290 act as alternative binding sites for caspase-3, decreasing the amount of BID that gets cleaved.[4][3][6] Tumor cells being treated with TRAIL are 32% more likely to survive when MuD is being expressed.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Hirst, Jennifer; Barlow, Lael D.; Francisco, Gabriel Casey; Sahlender, Daniela A.; Seaman, Matthew N. J.; Dacks, Joel B.; Robinson, Margaret S. (2011-10-11). "The fifth adaptor protein complex". PLOS Biology. 9 (10): e1001170. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001170. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 3191125. PMID 22022230.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d e f g Lee, Mi-Rha; Shin, Jin Na; Moon, Ae Ran; Park, Sun-Young; Hong, Gilsun; Lee, Mi-Ja; Yun, Cheol-Won; Seol, Dai-Wu; Piya, Sujan; Bae, Jeehyeon; Oh, Jae-Wook; Kim, Tae-Hyoung (2008-06-06). "A novel protein, MUDENG, induces cell death in cytotoxic T cells". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 370 (3): 504–508. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.139. ISSN 1090-2104. PMID 18395520.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Choi, J.-H.; Lim, J.-B.; Wickramanayake, D. D.; Wagley, Y.; Kim, J.; Lee, H.-C.; Seo, H. G.; Kim, T.-H.; Oh, J.-W. (2016). "Characterization of MUDENG, a novel anti-apoptotic protein". Oncogenesis. 5 (5): e221–e221. doi:10.1038/oncsis.2016.30. ISSN 2157-9024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Muthu, Manikandan; Chun, Sechul; Gopal, Judy; Park, Gyun-Seok; Nile, Arti; Shin, Jisoo; Shin, Juhyun; Kim, Tae-Hyoung; Oh, Jae-Wook (2020-08-04). "The MUDENG Augmentation: A Genesis in Anti-Cancer Therapy?". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21 (15): 5583. doi:10.3390/ijms21155583. ISSN 1422-0067. PMC 7432215. PMID 32759789.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Hirst, Jennifer; Irving, Carol; Borner, Georg H. H. (2012-11-21). "Adaptor protein complexes AP-4 and AP-5: new players in endosomal trafficking and progressive spastic paraplegia". Traffic. 14 (2): 153–164. doi:10.1111/tra.12028. ISSN 1600-0854. PMID 23167973. S2CID 13766991.
- ^ a b c d e Shin, Jin Na; Han, Ji Hye; Kim, Ji-Young; Moon, Ae-Ran; Kim, Ji Eun; Chang, Jeong Hwan; Bae, Jeehyeon; Oh, Jae Wook; Kim, Tae-Hyoung (2013-05-31). "MUDENG is cleaved by caspase-3 during TRAIL-induced cell death". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 435 (2): 234–238. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.075. ISSN 1090-2104. PMID 23665015.
- ^ a b c d e Won, Miae; Luo, Yongyang; Lee, Dong-Ho; Shin, Eunkyoung; Suh, Dae-Shik; Kim, Tae-Hyoung; Jin, Hanyong; Bae, Jeehyeon (2019-10-15). "BAX is an essential key mediator of AP5M1-induced apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 518 (2): 368–373. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.065. ISSN 1090-2104. PMID 31427081.
- ^ Dimberg, L. Y.; Anderson, C. K.; Camidge, R.; Behbakht, K.; Thorburn, A.; Ford, H. L. (2013-03-14). "On the TRAIL to successful cancer therapy? Predicting and counteracting resistance against TRAIL-based therapeutics". Oncogene. 32 (11): 1341–1350. doi:10.1038/onc.2012.164. ISSN 1476-5594. PMC 4502956. PMID 22580613.