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Omar Pasha Mansour El-Kikhia El-Badri (Arabic: عمر باشا منصور الكيخيا البدري; 1880 – 1963) was an Ottoman and Libyan politician who served as the second prime minister of Cyrenaica from 1949 to 1950. He was the president of the Senate of Libya until 15 October 1954, when he was dismissed.

Biography

Early life and career

Omar Pasha Mansour El-Kikhia El-Badri was born in Benghazi in 1879. He was educated in Benghazi and in Constantinople. He came from the influential Karaghla tribe of Benghazi, and would later become the head of the tribe in adulthood. In 1899, he was appointed as the assistant private secretary of the mutasarrif of Cyrenaica, Tahir Pasha. He remained in this post until 1904, when he was appointed as the kaymakam of Jalu, a position which he continued to hold until 1907. With the readoption of the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire in 1809, El-Kikhia was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire, representing Benghazi alongside Youssef bin Shatwan. During this period, he became fluent in Turkish.

Italian occupation and exile

In 1911, El-Kikhia was among the first Benghazi noblemen to rebel against the Italian invasion of Libya. He assisted Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi in organising the early resistance to the Italian occupation. In retaliation, the Italian authorities exiled El-Kikhia and his family, including his father, brothers and children. From 1912 to 1918, the exiled El-Kikhia spent the majority of his time in Egypt. Despite his initial opposition to the Italian colonisation of Libya, El-Kikhia then became a collaborator to the Italian authorities, and in 1920 he returned to Libya where he was appointed as an adviser to the colonial governor of Italian Cyrenaica, Giacomo De Martino.

When De Martino died in 1921, El-Kikhia once again fell out of favour with the Italian authorities. He was exiled a second time in 1923, this time to Sicily, after he was charged with treason against the Italian state for failing to inform the colonial government of resistance leader Idris al-Senussi's plan to flee Libya for Egypt. His exile was lifted in 1928, but he was exiled again in 1929 on the orders of Rodolfo Graziani, who exiled him to Ustica until 1936. In 1940, El-Kikhia was exiled a final time, again on the orders of Graziani, who exiled him to Rome until 1945.

Later life and career

In 1945, El-Kikhia returned to what was now the British Military Administration of Libya. El-Kikhia was not appointed to serve in the British administration, though Idris al-Senussi did appoint him as his grand chamberlain. After El-Kikhia's son Fathi Omar El-Kikhia resigned as the prime minister of Idris's recently proclaimed Emirate of Cyrenaica on 7 September 1949, Idris appointed him as the emirate's second prime minister. He took office in November 1949 and formed his cabinet in the same month.

During his premiership, El-Kikhia presided over the creation of municipalities for Ajdabiya, Abyar, Tobruk, Shahhat, Bayda, Sidi Khalifa, Saluq and Al-Qurasha. His government also legislated for the framework of the Cyrenaican Council of Ministers.