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Seasonal summary

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Typhoon Clara (1967)1967 Southern Japan floodsTyphoon Sally (1967)
Most storms in a singular Pacific typhoon season (1955-present)
Year Tropical storms Typhoons
Typhoons Super typhoons
1964 39 26 (record high) 7
1994 36 20 6
1971 35 24 6
1965 35 21 11 (record high; tied with 1997)
1961 35 20 8
1967 35 20 5
1989 32 20 5
1974 32 16 0 (record low)
1992 31 16 5
1955 31 20 4
2013 31 13 5
Note: Data begins at the year 1955 due to earlier data being increasingly unreliable. Totals for tropical storms and typhoons after 1964 are from the Japan Meteorological Agency, and totals for the unofficial super typhoon category are from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.

The 1967 Pacific typhoon season took place during the neutral phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation,[1] with a weak and short-lived La Niña developing during the summer.[2] During a La Niña, a westward shift in the formation of tropical cyclones and the location of the subtropical ridge occurs, which is correlated to an increased chance for systems to make landfall in China and be more intense when striking the Philippines.[3] As a result, by named storms, the season is the third-most active on record.[4] This was represented with an above-average ACE index of approximately 140.6 units, making it by ACE, the fifteenth-most active as of 2024.[5] This number represents sum of the squares of the maximum sustained wind speed (knots) for all named storms while they are at least tropical storm intensity, divided by 10,000. Therefore, tropical depressions are not included.[6]

In 1967, the Airborne Early Warning Squadron One (VW-1) flew 4,692.6 hours in the Western Pacific.[7] Many systems during the season tracked inconsistently, causing there to be significant forecast errors, however many late-season storms were consistent movers and easily predictable, lessening these errors.[8]

Early activity

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American astronaut and senator Harrison Schmitt noted that during Apollo 17, the ship may have flown over Violet as a tropical storm.[9]

Peak activity

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Two typhoons undergoing a binary interaction on September 20. Sarah (right) and Wanda (left)

Late activity

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Systems

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Unnumbered tropical depression

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Peak intensity estimates[10]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 28 996
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationJanuary 12 – January 14
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);
1004 hPa (mbar)

On January 9, the China Meteorological Administration noted that a tropical disturbance had formed east of Leyte.[10] As the disturbance tracked westwards, it filled up.[10] However, at 18:00 UTC on January 12, it developed into a tropical depression with a minimum pressure of 1,004 hPa (29.6 inHg) and sustained winds near 30 mph (45 km/h).[10] Further development occurred, and six hours later, it peaked with sustained winds of 35 mph (55 km/h).[10] However, this trend was short-lived, as on 15:00 UTC on January 13, it began weakening.[10] As a result, it degenerated back into a tropical disturbance at 06:00 UTC the next day, making landfall in Samar, Philippines six hours later.[10] Further weakening, the remnants made their second landfall in Panay, Philippines on 00:00 UTC the next day before dissipating soon after.[10]

Tropical Storm Ruby (Auring)

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Peak intensity estimates[12]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 38 996
HKO 40 996
JMA — 996
JTWC 40 —
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
DurationJanuary 28 – February 6
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min);
996 hPa (mbar)

On January 28, a tropical depression formed well east of the Philippines with a minimum pressure of 996 hPa (29.4 inHg).[12] Slowly recurving northwards as the depression's circulation became increasingly disorganized,[13][12] on February 1, it crossed into the Philippine Area of Responsibility, causing it to be named Auring by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA).[14] Slow development occurred, and after it underwent a cyclonic loop, it developed into a tropical storm on February 5, simuntaneously peaking with sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) and being named Ruby by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.[12] However, soon after, it degenerated into a gale-force remnant low two days later, east of Mindanao, Philippines.[12] These remnants tracked towards the Philippines prior to dissipating on February 9.[12][14]

Typhoon Sally (Bebeng)

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Main article: Typhoon Sally (1967)
Peak intensity estimates[15]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 77 980
HKO 75 970
JMA — 980
JTWC 85 —
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationFebruary 28 – March 6
Peak intensity155 km/h (100 mph) (1-min);
980 hPa (mbar)

On February 28, a tropical depression with a minimum pressure of 1,006 hPa (29.7 inHg) formed northeast of Manus Island in Papua New Guinea.[15][16] Tracking northwestwards during the next few days, development was slow to occur.[15] However, on 12:00 UTC on March 1, the depression intensified into a tropical storm, being named Sally by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.[15] However, in the span of six hours that same day, Sally undergone rapid intensification, intensifying from a minimal tropical storm into a minimal typhoon with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h).[17][15] Further intensification occurred, and on 00:00 UTC on March 2, Sally peaked with sustained winds of 100 mph (155 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 980 hPa (29 inHg).[15] Around that time, as Sally recurved to the west,[15] it crossed into the Philippine Area of Responsibility, causing PAGASA to name it Bebeng.[14] Soon after, Sally weakened into a tropical storm, making landfall just north of Mindanao 06:00 UTC on March 3 with sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h).[15] Rapid weakening occurred due to landfall, and as it made its second landfall in Leyte at 06:00 UTC the next day, it weakened into a tropical depression.[14][15] As it exited the Philippine Area of Responsibility on March 5,[14] it began recurving southwards.[15] As a result, it dissipated the next day, near Borneo.[17][15]

As Sally peaked in intensity, the island of Koror, which was around 180 nautical miles (330 km) east of the typhoon, suffered the brunt and was lashed by hurricane-force gusts which reached 85 mph (140 km/h). As a result, around 80 percent of the island's buildings were destroyed or damaged.[17] Additionally, three people died in Palau while another fifty were injured in the nation.[18] In total, Sally caused USD$5 million in damage for the island of Palau.[18] In the Philippines, Sally, the first March typhoon since 1948 to make landfall in the nation, caused one death and "considerable damage" to property, with Surigao receiving peak winds of 75 mph (120 km/h).[19]

Tropical Storm Therese

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Peak intensity estimates[20]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)c
CMA 58 991
HKO 60 980
JMA — 992
JTWC 60 —
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
DurationMarch 15 – March 24
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min);
992 hPa (mbar)

On March 15, a tropical depression with a minimum pressure of 1,004 hPa (29.6 inHg) and sustained winds near 35 mph (55 km/h) formed near Ulithi.[20] Slowly developing, on 12:00 UTC the next day, the depression intensified into a tropical storm, being named Therese by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.[20] Further development was slow to occur, with Thelma not intensifying past 45 mph (75 km/h) until March 18.[20] Around that time, Therese began recurving north-northwestwards, intensifying at a higher rate.[20] As a result, on 00:00 UTC the next day, Therese peaked with sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h), attaining a minimum pressure of 992 hPa (29.3 inHg) just six hours later.[20] Around that time, Therese began weakening as it then tracked westwards.[20] However, Therese suddenly re-intensified, having a secondary peak on March 20, with sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 992 hPa (29.3 inHg).[20] This phase ended a few hours later, and as Therese tracked just south of the Marianas Islands, it began weakening.[20] Therese was able to shortly re-intensify twice, however, the storm progressively weakened after that.[20] During these phases, Therese began tracking northwestwards, becoming extratropical on March 24.[20][21] This cyclone weakened, becoming a high-pressure area east of the International Date Line on March 26 and dissipating.[20]

Therese passed just 45 mi (72 km) northeast of Ulithi as a minimal tropical storm on March 18, producing heavy rainfall, peaking with 3-hour totals of 1 in (2.5 cm) in the atoll.[21] Therese's extratropical remnants passed near Marcus Island (now known as Minamitorishima), producing 3.78 in (9.6 cm) of rainfall and a peak gust of 35 mph (56 km/h) in the island.[21] This rain total helped contribute to the 5.23 in (13.3 cm) of rainfall recorded in the island during March, which at the time, was the highest the island recorded in the month.[21]

Typhoon Violet (Karing)

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Peak intensity estimates[22]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 116 930
HKO 105 930
JMA — 930
JTWC 120 —
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
DurationMarch 31 – April 12
Peak intensity220 km/h (140 mph) (1-min);
930 hPa (mbar)

At 18:00 UTC on March 31, due to an interaction between an easterly wave and a polar trough, a tropical depression with a minimum pressure of 1,000 hPa (30 inHg) formed southwest of Truk Island (now known as Chuuk Lagoon).[22][23][16] Undergoing rapid intensification during the next day, the system strengthened from a tropical depression with sustained winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) into a high-end tropical storm with sustained winds of 65 mph (100 km/h), being named Violet by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.[22] Further development was slow to occur as the storm tracked northwest, with Violet not intensifying into a typhoon until 18:00 UTC the next day.[22] Slowly developing, at 00:00 UTC on April 4, Violet initially peaked with sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h),[22] crossing into the Philippine Area of Responsibility later that day, causing PAGASA to name it Karing.[14] Initially weakening slightly, Violet regained its former strength by the morning of April 5, slowing in its northwestward trajectory.[22] Undergoing a second bout of rapid intensification, in just six hours, Violet strengthened from having sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) to having peak sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 940 hPa (28 inHg).[22] Weakening as it tracked northwestwards at a faster rate, at 03:00 UTC on April 8, Violet made landfall in northern Luzon with sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 946 hPa (27.9 inHg).[22][23] Rapidly weakening due to landfall, as it exited Luzon on 18:00 UTC that same day, it became a tropical storm.[22] Further weakening occurred as Violet recurved westward on April 10,[23] and as it brushed southern Taiwan on April 11, it weakened into a tropical depression.[22] This depression recurved northwards before being absorbed by a mid-latitude trough near the Ryukyu Islands on April 12.[21][23]

As Violet slowly intensified, on April 2 and 3, Woleai reported peak winds of 35 mph (56 km/h) while Ulithi reported peak winds of 36 mph (58 km/h).[24] However, Yap saw a daily total 6 in (15 cm) of rain from Violet, reporting peak gusts of 32 mph (51 km/h).[24] In the Philippines, where Violet made landfall, 4 people died in Luzon alone.[23] The SS Silver Peak, a Panamanian vessel, was run aground by Violet near Minamitorishima, causing the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit and the USS Seminole to rescue the 28 crewmen of the ship.[25][26] A weakening Violet prompted the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) to hoist Standby Signal No. 1, making it the earliest issued typhoon warning until Typhoon Maysak caused the Observatory to hoist the same signal on April 3, 2015.[27]

Tropical Storm Wilda (Diding)

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Peak intensity estimates[28]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 38 1004
HKO 40 1002
JMA — 1004
JTWC 40 —
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
DurationMay 8 – May 13
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min);
1004 hPa (mbar)

On May 8, a tropical depression with a minimum pressure of 1,006 hPa (29.7 inHg) formed southwest of Yap.[28][29] Recurving northwestwards, further development of the depression was slow to occur.[28] The next day, the depression crossed into the Philippine Area of Responsibility, being named Diding by PAGASA.[14] However, on 12:00 UTC on May 10, the depression suddenly intensified and simultaneously peaked with sustained winds of 45 mph (75 km/h), causing the JTWC to name it Wilda.[28] Tracking westward, Wilda began weakening, becoming a tropical depression 18 hours later.[28] Further weakening occurred as Wilda tracked southwards, and at 06:00 UTC on May 13, the depression dissipated.[28][29][14]

Wilda produced 11.88 in (302 mm) of rainfall in Yap, becoming the fifth-wettest cyclone to impact the island.[30]

Unnumbered tropical depression

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Peak intensity estimates[31]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 29 1002
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
DurationJune 6 – June 8
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);
1002 hPa (mbar)

On June 2, the China Meteorological Administration noted that a tropical disturbance had formed near Chuuk Lagoon.[31] Tracking westnorthwestwards throughout the next few days, the disturbance did not deepen much.[31] However, at 12:00 UTC on June 5, the disturbance suddenly deepened, attaining a minimum pressure of 1,002 hPa (29.6 inHg) prior to filling rapidly.[31] Assuming a more northwestward track, the disturbance passed between Yap and the Northern Marianas that same day.[31] Further development occurred, and 24 hours later, the disturbance developed into a tropical depression with sustained winds of 35 mph (55 km/h), later attaining a minimum pressure of 1,002 hPa (29.6 inHg) 12 hours later.[31] Never intensifying further, on June 8, the depression degenerated back into a tropical disturbance, dissipating later that day.[31]

Tropical Depression Etang

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Peak intensity estimates[32]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
JMA — 1004
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
DurationJune 20 – June 23
Peak intensityWinds not specified;
1004 hPa (mbar)

At 06:00 UTC on June 20, a tropical depression with a minimum pressure of 1,006 hPa (29.7 inHg) formed well east of the Philippines.[33] Despite opening into a trough later that same day as it tracked westward,[34] it regenerated on June 21, attaining a minimum pressure of 1,004 hPa (29.6 inHg).[32] However, as it recurved northwestwards, it degenerated back into a trough on June 22.[35] Around that time, the depression crossed into the Philippine Area of Responsibility, being named Etang by PAGASA.[14] Further weakening occurred, and as it filled up in Luzon early the next day,[36] PAGASA stopped monitoring the depression as it dissipated soon after.[14][37]

Typhoon Anita (Gening)

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Peak intensity estimates[38]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 87 969
HKO 60 970
JMA — 975
JTWC 80 —
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
DurationJune 24 – July 1
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min);
975 hPa (mbar)

On June 24, a tropical depression with a minimum pressure of 1,008 hPa (29.8 inHg) formed well east of the Philippines.[38] Slowly deepening throughout the next few days as it tracked west-northwestward,[38] on June 26, it crossed into the Philippine Area of Responsibility, being named Gening by PAGASA.[14] Further development occurred, and on 12:00 UTC that same day, the depression intensified into a tropical storm, being named Anita by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.[38] As this occurred, Anita intensified at a faster rate and tracked northwestwards, becoming a typhoon at 00:00 UTC on June 28.[38] Further intensification occurred, and later that day,[38] as Anita passed through the Babuyan Channel (now known as the Luzon Strait),[39] it brushed the coast of northern Luzon with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h).[38] Shortly after, at 06:00 uTC on June 29, Anita peaked with sustained winds of 90 mph (150 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 975 hPa (28.8 inHg),[38] exiting the Philippine Area of Responsibility later that day.[14] However, as it approached the southern coast of China, it weakened,[38] making landfall just south of Shan–T'ou (now known as Shantou) on 06:00 UTC the next day as a weakening tropical storm.[39][38] Rapidly weakening as it tracked inland,[39] just six hours later, it became a tropical depression, later dissipating early on July 1.[38]

As Anita approached Hong Kong, officials issued typhoon warnings for coastal areas near the nation.[40] In the Philippines, at least twenty people died due in Ilocos Norte.[41] Heavy rainfall from Anita produced mudslides that collapsed a gold and copper mine in Baguio, trapping forty-three miners.[42][43] Of those miners, twenty-seven survived, eight went missing, and eight died.[42] These mudslides affected the town of Dingras, where two families were buried alive due to the mud.[41] Heavy rainfall produced by Anita caused a Thai Airways International jetliner to crash into Kowloon Bay, killing 24 people.[44]

Unnumbered tropical depression

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Peak intensity estimates[45]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 29 1001
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
DurationJune 26 – June 26
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min);
1001 hPa (mbar)

On June 24, the China Meteorological Administration noted that a tropical disturbance had formed in the South China Sea, just east of Vietnam.[45] As the weak disturbance deepened slowly, it began tracking northeast then northwest the next day.[45] Retaining its intensity, later that day, it passed through the Paracel Islands, tracking northwards soon after.[45] However, as it recurved northeastwards on June 26, the disturbance suddenly developed into a tropical depression.[45] Further intensification occurred, and on 06:00 UTC that same day, it peaked with sustained winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 1,001 hPa (29.6 inHg).[45] However, rapid weakening occurred, and just six hours later, the depression degenerated into a tropical disturbance, dissipating soon after.[45]

Typhoon Billie (Herming)

[edit]
Main article: 1967 Southern Japan floods
Peak intensity estimates[46]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 68 979
HKO 60 980
JMA — 980
JTWC 70 —
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
DurationJune 29 – July 8
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min);
980 hPa (mbar)

On June 29, a tropical depression with a minimum pressure of 1,006 hPa (29.7 inHg) formed well southwest of the Mariana Islands.[46] Slowly deepening during the next three days as it tracked northwestward, on July 2, it intensified into a tropical storm, being named Billie by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.[46] The next day, it crossed into the Philippine Area of Responsibility, being named Herming by PAGASA.[14] Around that time, the 54th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron investigated Billie, revealing that the system was loosely organized, with most convective activity persisting in its southwest quadrant.[47] Embedded in a major trough axis,[47] Billie recurved westward the next day.[46] Rapid intensification ensued, with Billie intensifying 35 mph (55 km/h) during that time, becoming a typhoon and peaking with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 980 hPa (29 inHg).[46] Despite exhibiting a mesoscale warm core, Billie never was able to develop an eyewall which encircled its eye, preventing the typhoon from intensifying further.[47] This caused Billie to undergo several cycles of weakening and restrengthening from July 5–6 as it recurved northwestwards.[46] However, soon after, Billie weakened into a tropical storm, exiting the Philippine Area of Responsibility on July 7 prior to weakening into a tropical depression on 18:00 UTC the next day.[46][14] This depression helped enhance a front prior to becoming an extratropical low the next day.[46][48] This low passed through Japan, exiting on July 9, and tracked westward prior to dissipating near the International Date Line on July 12.[46]

The front that Billie and another tropical depression enhanced caused devastating flooding throughout Southern Japan.[48] These rains, which were concentrated in Kyushu and southwestern Honshu, produced nearly two thousand landslides.[49] More than a thousand homes were destroyed or damaged, almost seven hundred of which were washed away.[49] 277 bridges were swept away by landslides and floods.[49] In total, this flooding, dubbed by the [{Japan Meteorological Center]] as the "Heavy Rains of July 1967", killed 351 people, made another eighteen go missing, and injured a further 618 people.[48]

Typhoon Clara (Ising)

[edit]
Main article: Typhoon Clara (1967)
Peak intensity estimates[50]
Agency Wind
(kt)[a] 		Pressure
(hPa)
CMA 97 960
HKO 90 962
JMA — 960
JTWC 100 —
Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
DurationJuly 2 – July 12
Peak intensity185 km/h (115 mph) (1-min);
960 hPa (mbar)

On July 2, a tropical depression with a minimum pressure of 1,008 hPa (29.8 inHg) formed well east of the Mariana Islands.[50] As it recurved northwestwards on July 4,[51] the system exhibited characteristics of a cold-core low according to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.[52] However, as it recurved southwestwards on July 6, the low soon developed divergence and attained tropical characteristics, causing it to be named Clara by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.[50][52] As a result, Clara underwent rapid intensification, intensifying from having maximum winds of 35 mph (56 km/h) to a typhoon with sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h),[50] becoming the first tropical cyclone in the season to form north of 15°N.[49] Tracking into the Philippine Area of Responsibility the next day, the system was named Ising by PAGASA.[14] Soon after, Clara recurved northwestwards, finishing that recurvature on July 9.[50]

Storm names

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See also: Tropical cyclone naming and History of tropical cyclone naming

The following list of names was used in 1967 by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center to name tropical cyclones which formed in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean and produced sustained winds of at least 40 mph (65 km/h).[53]

* Ruby * Anita * Fran * Kate * Patsy * Wanda * Emma * Jean (unused) * Olive (unused)
* Sally * Billie * Georgia * Louise * Ruth * Amy * Freda * Kim (unused) * Polly (unused)
* Therese * Clara * Hope * Marge * Sarah * Babe * Gilda * Lucy (unused)
* Violet * Dot * Iris * Nora * Thelma * Carla * Harriet * Mary (unused)
* Wilda * Ellen * Joan * Opal * Vera * Dinah * Ivy * Nadine (unused)

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) estimates the maximum sustained wind of a tropical cyclone has the highest windspeed averaged over one minute, the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) averages such winds over two minutes, and the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) averages such winds over ten minutes in their historical records.[11]

Bibliographies

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  • Climatological Data: Pacific. Vol. 12. U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau. 1967.
  • Mariners Weather Log. Environmental Data and Information Service. 1967. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  • Negele, J. H.; Roper, William D.; Geraldson, E. Lee; Haraguchi, Paul Y.; Langemo, James C.; Newman, William R.; Depew, John H.; Halsteter, Joseph; Martin, Donald G.; Andreasen, Glen R.; McGuire, Kenneth J.; Summer, David B.; Buquing, Alvina L. (3 January 1968). Annual Typhoon Report 1967 (PDF) (Report). Guam, Mariana Islands: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. p. 44-48. Retrieved October 26, 2024.

Citations

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  1. ^ Physics Science Laboratory. "Past Events". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  2. ^ Physics Science Laboratory. "El Nino and La Nina Years: NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
  3. ^ M. C. Wu; W. L. Chang; W. M. Leung (2003). "Impacts of El Nino-Southern Oscillation Events on Tropical Cyclone Landfalling Activity in the Western North Pacific". Journal of Climate. 17 (6): 1419–1428. Bibcode:2004JCli...17.1419W. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.461.2391. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1419:IOENOE>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0894-8755.
  4. ^ Zhang, Xinchang; Zhong, Shanshan; Wu, Zhiwei; Li, Yun (December 2018). "Seasonal prediction of the typhoon genesis frequency over the Western North Pacific with a Poisson regression model" (PDF). Climate Dynamics. 51 (11–12): 4589. doi:10.1007/s00382-017-3654-5.
  5. ^ "Real-Time Tropical Cyclone North Atlantic Ocean Statistics". Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. Retrieved September 29, 2024.
  6. ^ "CSU Hurricane Seasonal Forecasting". Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
  7. ^ Roth, F. H. (1968). "OPNAV Report 5750-1". Airborne Early Warning Squadron One. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
  8. ^ Geraldson, E. Lee (September 1968). "A COMPARISON OF THE ACCURACY OF OBJECTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR FORECASTING TYPHOON MOVEMENT DURING 1967". Monthly Weather Review. 96 (9): 649–953. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1968)096<0649:ACOTAO>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  9. ^ Schmitt, Harrison (7 December 2017). "30 Seconds and Counting". America's Uncommon Sense. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h "1967 Tropical Depression UNNAMED (1967009N07144)". IBTrACS. Asheville, North Carolina: University of North Carolina at Asheville. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  11. ^ Ying, Ming; Zhang, Wei; Yu, Hui; Lu, Xiaoqin; Feng, Jingxian; Fan, Yongxiang; Zhu, Yongti; Chen, Dequan (1 February 2014). "An Overview of the China Meteorological Administration Tropical Cyclone Database". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 31 (2): 287–301. Bibcode:2014JAtOT..31..287Y. doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00119.1.
  12. ^ a b c d e f "1967 Tropical Storm RUBY (1967028N05140)". IBTrACS. Asheville, North Carolina: University of North Carolina at Asheville. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  13. ^ Mariners Weather Log 1967, p. 112.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Padua, Michael V. (November 6, 2008). PAGASA Tropical Cyclone Names 1963–1988 (TXT) (Report). Typhoon 2000. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "1967 Typhoon SALLY (1967059N02145)". IBTrACS. Asheville, North Carolina: University of North Carolina at Asheville. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  16. ^ a b Annual Typhoon Report 1967, p. 84.
  17. ^ a b c National Climatic Data Center (11 April 1995). "Typhoon Sally, 28 February – 7 March". Indiana University Bloomington. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  18. ^ a b Samblan, Niki; Tman, Luke (March 1967). "Typhoon Hits Palau". Vol. XIV, no. 6. Pacific Digital Library. Micronesian Reporter. pp. 10–14. Retrieved 14 October 2024. (Alt version)
  19. ^ Bueza, Michael (17 March 2015). "How frequent are storms in the Philippines in March?". Rappler. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "1967 Severe Tropical Storm THERESE (1967075N08148)". IBTrACS. Asheville, North Carolina: University of North Carolina at Asheville. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  21. ^ a b c d e Climatological Data 1967, p. 24.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "1967 Super Typhoon VIOLET (1967091N04151)". IBTrACS. Asheville, North Carolina: University of North Carolina at Asheville. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  23. ^ a b c d e National Climatic Data Center (11 April 1995). "Typhoon Violet, 31 March – 12 April". Indiana University Bloomington. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  24. ^ a b Climatological Data 1967, p. 36.
  25. ^ "31st MEU History". 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  26. ^ Mooney, James L. (1 January 1976). Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Vol. VI. United States Naval History Division. p. 438.
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  51. ^ Cite error: The named reference ibtracs-carla was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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