User:TUF-KAT/Hornbostel-Sachs

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.312 under that system. These instruments may be known as spike box lutes or spike guitars.

3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments)
- 32: Instruments in which the resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument
  - 321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table
    - 321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
      - 321.31: Instruments in which the handle passes diametrically through the resonator (spike lutes)
        321.312: Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood (spike box lutes, spike guitars)

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.

4: Hammers or beaters
5: Bare hands and fingers
6: Plectrum
7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
8: Keyboard
9: Using a mechanical drive

Instrument	Tradition	Hornbostel–Sachs classification	Description
gusle^[1] ^[2] ^[3]	Serbia, Montenegro and elsewhere in the former Yugoslavia	321.312	Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg Serbian gusle^ⓘ
kemenche^[4] ^[5]	The Black Sea area	321.312	Spike lute
rubab^[6] ^[7] rabab	Afghanistan and neighboring areas	321.312-6	Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings

References

^ "'Spinning Out of Control': Rhetoric and Violent Conflict" (PDF). June 1, 2006. p. 4. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
^ "Montenegrin Music". Visit Montenegro. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
^ Lord, Albert B. (1936). "Homer and Huso I: The Singer's Rests in Greek and Southslavic Heroic Song". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 67: 106–113. doi:10.2307/283230. JSTOR 283230.
^ Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". In Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Eds.) (ed.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1858286360. Afghans have a special feeling for the rubab, describing it as the 'lion' of instruments and their 'national instrument'.
^ ARC music. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. Retrieved December 17, 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". In Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Eds.) (ed.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1858286360. Afghans have a special feeling for the rubab, describing it as the 'lion' of instruments and their 'national instrument'.
^ ARC music. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. Retrieved December 17, 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[1] "'Spinning Out of Control': Rhetoric and Violent Conflict" (PDF). June 1, 2006. p. 4. Retrieved December 21, 2007.

[2] "Montenegrin Music". Visit Montenegro. Retrieved December 21, 2007.

[3] Lord, Albert B. (1936). "Homer and Huso I: The Singer's Rests in Greek and Southslavic Heroic Song". Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association. 67: 106–113. doi:10.2307/283230. JSTOR 283230.

[4] Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". In Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Eds.) (ed.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1858286360. Afghans have a special feeling for the rubab, describing it as the 'lion' of instruments and their 'national instrument'.

[5] ARC music. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. Retrieved December 17, 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[6] Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". In Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Eds.) (ed.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1858286360. Afghans have a special feeling for the rubab, describing it as the 'lion' of instruments and their 'national instrument'.

[7] ARC music. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. Retrieved December 17, 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

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