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The Doe Run Company
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryMining
PredecessorSt. Joseph Lead Company
Founded1864; 160 years ago (1864) in New York, United States
FoundersLyman W. Gilbert, John E. Wylie, Edmund I. Wade, Wilmot Williams, James L. Dunham and James L. Hathaway
Headquarters
St. Louis
Key people
Jerry L. Pyatt, Chief Executive Officer and President
ProductsLead, copper, and zinc concentrates and lead metal and alloys
Number of employees
1,278
ParentThe Renco Group, Inc.
Websitewww.doerun.com

The Doe Run Resources Corporation (registered to do business as The Doe Run Company) is a privately held natural resources company and global producer of lead, copper, and zinc concentrates. It owns four mills, six mines and a lead battery recycling plant, all in southeast Missouri, United States, and a subsidiary Fabricated Products Inc., with locations in Arizona and Washington. It also owns two former primary lead smelter sites in the U.S. that are currently being remediated. It is wholly owned by The Renco Group, Inc.

History

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The St. Joseph Lead Company was founded in New York in 1864. The company operated in the "Old Lead Belt" of Southeast Missouri where it was the dominant mining group.[1][2] In 1887, the company purchased land to build a smelter in Herculaneum, Missouri. The lead processing smelter was built on 540 acres by the Mississippi River and began operations in 1892.[3] The smelter's establishment was a boon for the town of Herculaneum.[4]

During its early history, St. Joseph Lead Company developed many tools, techniques, and safety processes that became widely adopted by the mining industry.[2] Notable accomplishments included the roof bolt in the 1920s,[2] and the St. Joe Shovel in 1922, which replaced hand shovels and increased daily employee productivity from 21 tons of rock to nearly 300 tons.[5] St. Joe was also the first mining company to employ a dedicated researcher, starting in 1930, which expanded into a department.[2]

In 1955, St. Joe researchers discovered the Viburnum Trend, an area of major mineral deposits.[2] The company built six mines and four mills along the trend. Other companies also developed the area, but Doe Run owned all the mines and mills in the district by 1992.[2]

The company changed its name to St. Joe Minerals in 1970,[6] and was acquired by the Fluor Corporation in 1981.[7] In 1986, St. Joe and another mining company, Homestake Lead, formed a partnership called The Doe Run Company Partnership, which brought Homestake's Buick mine, mill and smelter into St. Joe's operations.[7] The Buick smelter was later converted to the Buick Resource Recycling Division for lead recycling in 1991.[7][8]

The Renco Group, Inc., acquired The Doe Run Company from Fluor and renamed the company The Doe Run Resources Corporation, registered to do business as The Doe Run Company, in 1994.[9][7] In 1996, Doe Run established Fabricated Products, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary, and acquired lead fabricating facilities.[10][11] The following year, Doe Run more than doubled in size with the purchase of the La Oroya smelter and Cobriza copper mine in Peru from Centromin.[12][13] It also took over the environmental program in place to improve environmental conditions, which had never been addressed by previous owners.[14] Doe Run invested more than $100 million in improvements to reach a goal to reduce emissions within a decade.[14] The company received an extension from the government in 2006, [14] and in February 2007, Doe Run Peru became a separate company from Doe Run.[15]

In the U.S., in 2001, the Missouri Department of Natural Resources found that street dust in the town of Herculaneum contained 30% lead.[16][17] Testing the same year by the United States Environmental Protection Agency found high levels of air pollution. Test results also showed elevated levels of lead among more than half of pre-school age children who were tested living near the smelter in Herculaneum.[18][19]

In 2002, Doe Run undertook a voluntary buyout of homes in the area[20] and over the next few years purchased approximately 160 homes.[21] In addition to the buyout, Doe Run invested $14 million in the removal of lead-contaminated soil. It replaced soil for more than 700 properties, including residences, schools, public parks, and other land.[22][23] By the end of the year, Doe Run was in compliance with the Clean Air Act lead standard.[24] According to a company representative, another $12 million was spent in 2007 in an effort to further reduce air pollution from the smelter.[25]

In 2008, the EPA released a new national lead level standard of 0.15 micrograms lead per cubic meter of air. The new air quality measure was ten times more restrictive than the previous standard of 1.5 micrograms lead per cubic meter.[26] Doe Run agreed to close the Herculaneum smelter and pay $65 million to correct past violations of the federal Clean Air and Clean Water acts.[27][28]

In 2010, the company announced plans to replace the Herculaneum smelter with an electrowinning plant, which would replace smelting with a contained wet chemical process, reducing emissions by nearly 99 percent.[29] The plans were a result of research the company had been conducting for decades to find a new way to produce lead.[30] Doe Run invested $30 million in developing new technology until the plan was put on hold in 2012.[31][32]

In December 2013, Doe Run closed the Herculaneum smelter,[33] though refining operations of specialty alloys continue.[34][35] The company allocated more than $8 million for cleanup of the property following its closure.[36]

After the closure of the Herculaneum primary lead smelting facility in 2013, the company altered its business model to focus on its mining and recycling operations.[37] In 2014, Doe Run celebrated its 150th anniversary.[38]

Citing falling prices and environmental regulations, Doe Run downsized its lead production by approximately 10 percent and eliminated 75 jobs in its Missouri facilities in 2016.[39] In 2016, the company sold 18 acres of its former lead smelter site in Herculaneum to Riverview Commerce Park LLC for redevelopment as a commercial port.[40] Doe Run began demolition on the five main buildings of the Herculaneum smelter in 2017 as part of its redevelopment announced in 2012.[35]

Operations

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Overview

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The Doe Run Company manages various parts of the lead lifecycle, including mining, milling, fabrication, and recycling,[9][41] and provides lead metals, alloys and lead concentrates to companies globally.[35][42] The company's headquarters are in St. Louis, Missouri,[9] and Doe Run has holdings in Missouri, Washington and Arizona.[9] Jerry Pyatt has been president and CEO of The Doe Run Company since 2012.[43]

Doe Run is a major employer and contributor to the communities it operates in.[39] The company employs approximately 1,100 people,[39] and it invests in locals schools and infrastructure both financially and through employee community service.[35][44][45]

Holdings and products

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In the Southeast Missouri Lead District, Doe Run's mines are all on the Viburnum Trend, a 64 km long mineralized shoot with an average width of 150 meters, thickness of 3 to 30 meters and average depth of 300 meters. It is a classic Mississippi Valley type lead/zinc deposit in Cambrian carbonate rocks though it contains an unusually high proportion of lead. The principal minerals are galena (lead, PbS) and sphalerite (zinc, ZnS) with lesser amounts of chalcopyrite (copper, CuFeS2).[46][47]

The Viburnum Trend is the second largest lead mining district in the world. Predecessors to Doe Run began exploring the area in 1955 and began mining in the 1960s.[48] Doe Run owns six mines there: Brushy Creek, Buick, Casteel, Fletcher/West Fork, Sweetwater and Mine No 29.[49] These mines produce ore that is milled at the company's four mills to extract lead, zinc, and copper concentrates.[50] Approximately 90 percent of the primary lead supply in the United States has been derived from the ore from these mines over the years.[48] Lead concentrates from the area contain more than 75 percent lead, versus an industry average of 45 to 50 percent lead.[51] Following the closure of the Herculaneum smelter, metal concentrates from the mines are shipped overseas for smelting.[52]

Doe Run's other Missouri holdings include a recycling smelter in Boss, Missouri.[53] The secondary smelter recycles metal from old lead batteries and scrap lead.[54][55] The process creates secondary lead that can be manufactured into new products.[54]

The smelter processes about 13.5 million lead-acid batteries annually,[54] recovering lead from the batteries for reuse.[56] Doe Run is one of only a few North American facilities capable of removing lead from glass in cathode ray tubes that were once common in televisions and computer monitors.[56][57]

In addition to mining operations and its secondary smelter, The Doe Run Company has a wholly owned subsidiary called Fabricated Products, Inc., that has locations in Vancouver, Washington and Casa Grande, Arizona.[10] These facilities manufacture and market fabricated metal products, including lead oxide for batteries, lead shielding used for radiation protection in hospitals, extruded shapes used in plating and pollution control, lead-lined drywall and plywood, and sheet lead for roof flashing.[10]

Environment, health and safety

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Between 2010 and 2015, Doe Run spent $289 million on environmental expenditures in Herculaneum and around the mining and mill sites in the Viburnum Trend.[58] The funds have been used in part for remediating old mining sites and for the construction of water treatment facilities.[59][60] Environmental safety precautions implemented by Doe Run include washing trucks that may have come into contact with lead. In addition, exposed lead workers at the company's secondary smelter shower and change their clothing at the end of each shift to avoid the spread of lead outside of work.[61][62]

References

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  1. ^ Tomich, Jeffrey (14 December 2013). "Smelter closing means adjustments for lead customers". St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved 6 March 2017. The St. Louis-based company, which traces its roots back to the St. Joseph Lead Co. in 1864, will also continue its other operations in Missouri.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Bullock, Richard L. (2010). "100 Years of Underground Applied Mining Research in Southeast Missouri (SEMO)". In Brune, Jürgen F. (ed.). Extracting the Science: A Century of Mining Research. Society for Metal, Metallurgy, and Exploration. pp. 81–93.
  3. ^ Scott, Peggy (6 July 2012). "Doe Run ending long run in Herculaneum". Leader Publications. Retrieved 9 March 2017. In 1887, the company acquired a 540-acre piece of land along the Mississippi River in Herculaneum for a new lead smelter.
  4. ^ Salter, Jim (25 December 2013). "Small Missouri town to lose its historic lead smelter". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 9 March 2017. Herculaneum's standing was enhanced when the St. Joseph Lead Co. picked it as the site for a huge smelter, which opened in 1892 to extract lead from ore.
  5. ^ "Throwback Thursday: July 24, 2014". St. Louis Business Journal. July 23, 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  6. ^ Thorsen, Leah (14 December 2013). "Doe Run timeline". St Louis Dispatch. Retrieved 10 March 2017. St. Joseph Lead changes its name to St. Joe Minerals;Permanent air-quality monitors are set up around Herculaneum. Monitoring immediately shows unacceptable levels of lead in the air.
  7. ^ a b c d Scott, Peggy (6 July 2012). "Doe Run ending long run in Herculaneum". Leader Publications. Retrieved 9 March 2017. in 1981, St. Joe was acquired by the Fluor Corp. Five years later, St. Joe entered into what was a short-lived partnership with Homestake Lead Co. and took the name of a former St. Joe subsidiary, the Doe Run Co. The partnership also is notable because it brought Homestake's Buick mine, mill and smelter into St. Joe. After the partnership fell apart, St. Joe converted the smelter in Boss. Mo., to recycle lead, which it still does today. In 1994, the Renco Group, the present owners, acquired St. Joe from Fluor and renamed the company the Doe Run Resources Corp., registered to do business as the Doe Run Co.
  8. ^ "Doe Run Facility "Powers" Lead-Acid Battery Recycling Industry". SolidWaste.com. 13 August 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2017. The Doe Run Company's Buick Resource Recycling Division (BRRD) in Boss, Mo. Founded in 1991, BRRD operates the world's largest single-site lead recycling facility
  9. ^ a b c d "Company Overview of The Doe Run Resources Corporation". Bloomberg. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  10. ^ a b c "Company Overview of Fabricated Products, Inc". Bloomberg. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  11. ^ Ozols, Victor; Ward, Aaron (12 September 1996). "Doe Run unit buys out Seafab. (Doe Run Resources Corp. subsidiary Fabricated Products Inc. acquires Seafab Metal Corp". American Metal Market. Seafab Metal Corp., Seattle, has been bought by Fabricated Products Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Doe Run Resources Corp., St. Louis, a major lead producer, sources said. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  12. ^ Beck, Ken (9 August 2013). "Doe Run Is One Part of a Much Larger International Company". Reynolds County Courrier. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  13. ^ "Doe Run on Peru and sustainable development". International Mining. August 30, 2006. Retrieved 10 May 2017. The facility was owned and operated by Cerro de Pasco Copper and later by Centromin.In 1997, The Doe Run Company purchased the 75-year-old facility and inherited decades of unchecked environmental liabilities.
  14. ^ a b c Miller, Jon (1 March 2007). "Peru: Life Under a Toxic Cloud". PBS Frontline. Retrieved 13 March 2017. When Doe Run bought the complex from the Peruvian government during a privatization drive under then-president Alberto Fujimori, it signed an agreement to reduce emissions to acceptable levels within 10 years. Company officials say they've done almost everything they promised, and many things that they were under no obligation to do, from building public baths and laundry stations to sprucing up the local soup kitchen. But they say they need more time to build a $100 million plant to reduce the sulfur dioxide emissions that sit like fog on the smelter's closest neighbors. In 2006, the Peruvian government grudgingly agreed to give the company three more years to put the plant on line.
  15. ^ Beck, Ken (9 August 2013). "Doe Run Is One Part of a Much Larger International Company". Reynolds County Courrier. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
  16. ^ Fenston, Jacob (8 August 2012). "The end of a lead-laced era: polluting smelter to close after 120 years". KBIA. Retrieved 6 March 2017. The Department of Natural Resources test came back: the dust from the streets in Herculaneum contained 300,000 parts per million lead. That's 30 percent.
  17. ^ Thorsen, Leah (15 December 2013). "Smelter's closure is end of an era in Herculaneum". St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved 6 March 2017. Testing on Herculaneum streets in 2001 found dangerously high levels of lead, up to 300,000 parts per million in places.
  18. ^ Salter, Jim (25 December 2013). "End of an era as smelter closes in Missouri town". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 6 March 2017. The EPA testing showed high levels of air pollution, and more than half of preschool-age children living near the smelter had elevated levels of lead.
  19. ^ Fenston, Jacob (8 August 2012). "The end of a lead-laced era: polluting smelter to close after 120 years". KBIA. Retrieved 6 March 2017. In 2001, the agency worked with state and local health officials to try to test every kid under six for lead in their blood. The results, she says, weren't exactly surprising. They laid out the results like a bulls-eye, concentric circles of contamination radiating out from the Doe Run smelter. Within a quarter mile, 56 percent of kids had high levels of lead in their blood. At a half-mile, it was 52 percent.
  20. ^ Thorsen, Leah (15 December 2013). "Smelter's closure is end of an era in Herculaneum". St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved 6 March 2017. They moved to Festus in 2004 after selling their house to Doe Run through a voluntary buyout negotiated two years earlier by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources.
  21. ^ Fenston, Jacob (8 August 2012). "The end of a lead-laced era: polluting smelter to close after 120 years". KBIA. Retrieved 6 March 2017. In 2002, Doe Run and state and federal regulators decided it was easier to get rid of the people than the pollution: the company agreed to buy out the 160 homes closest to the smelter.
  22. ^ Thorsen, Leah (15 December 2013). "Smelter's closure is end of an era in Herculaneum". St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved 6 March 2017. The company has spent millions of dollars to clean up Herculaneum. It has replaced the soil in 781 yards at a cost of more than $14 million, and spends an additional $9 million a year to improve environmental performance.
  23. ^ Salter, Jim (25 December 2013). "End of an era as smelter closes in Missouri town". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 6 March 2017. In addition to the buyout, Doe Run spent $14 million to remove lead-contaminated soil from nearly 700 properties — mostly residential yards but also school grounds, parks and other land. The contamination came partly from lead that spilled from trucks constantly going to and from the smelter.
  24. ^ Fenston, Jacob (8 August 2012). "The end of a lead-laced era: polluting smelter to close after 120 years". KBIA. Retrieved 6 March 2017. Around that same time in 2002, Doe Run met the Clean Air Act lead standard for the first time ever, since it was set in 1978. KBIA
  25. ^ Salter, Jim (25 December 2013). "Small Missouri town to lose its historic lead smelter". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 9 March 2017. The company also spent nearly $12 million in 2007 to reduce air pollution at the smelter, said Gary Hughes, general manager of Doe Run's Primary Smelting Division.
  26. ^ Thorsen, Leah (15 December 2013). "Smelter's closure is end of an era in Herculaneum". St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved 6 March 2017. The Wardens filed a successful lawsuit with the Missouri Coalition for the Environment that prompted the EPA to adopt tougher air quality standards for lead in 2008. The new standard is 10 times more stringent than the old standard for lead, dropping to 0.15 micrograms from 1.5 micrograms of lead per cubic meter of air. It was the first time the agency had revised airborne levels of lead since 1978, when the metal was phased out of gasoline.
  27. ^ Thorsen, Leah (14 December 2013). "Doe Run timeline". St Louis Dispatch. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Doe Run decides to close its lead smelter in Herculaneum in 2013 and pay $65 million to correct violations of environmental laws.
  28. ^ Fenston, Jacob (8 August 2012). "The end of a lead-laced era: polluting smelter to close after 120 years". KBIA. Retrieved 6 March 2017. It's DNR's job to work with polluters to design a plan to meet national air standards. So Doe Run kept making these plans, and then taking all the steps the plans required, but still managing to exceed national air quality limits. "They met what they said they would do, but it just didn't work.
  29. ^ Luecke, Jacob (16 June 2015). "Doe Run – the Lead Belt Heavyweight". Missouri Business. Retrieved 10 March 2017. The company made headlines in 2010 when it announced its intentions to build a new type of lead refinery. This facility wouldn't create the sulfur dioxide and lead air emissions that had attracted EPA scrutiny to the former Herculaneum smelter. The new plant would use an innovative technology called electrowinning. Doe Run's proprietary electrowinning process is a self-contained, wet chemical process that selectively dissolves lead concentrates into a solution and then extracts lead from the solution using an electric current. The process nearly eliminates lead emissions.
  30. ^ McGuire, Kim (21 March 2012). "Doe Run's new technology could end need for lead smelter". St. Louis Dispatch. Retrieved 6 May 2017. The company has been pursuing a new way to produce lead for almost 20 years. By the end of this year, it will have invested almost $30 million to bring the new technology to fruition
  31. ^ Luecke, Jacob (16 June 2015). "Doe Run – the Lead Belt Heavyweight". Missouri Business. Retrieved 10 March 2017. While Doe Run would like to invest in this technology of the future, the company finds itself instead spending hundreds of millions of dollars on environmental compliance.
  32. ^ Fenston, Jacob (8 August 2012). "The end of a lead-laced era: polluting smelter to close after 120 years". KBIA. Retrieved 6 March 2017. In June, Doe Run made it final – the company won't be rebuilding in Herculaneum with a new cleaner plant, as they had earlier planned on. That would be "an unacceptable financial risk.
  33. ^ Luecke, Jacob (16 June 2015). "Doe Run – the Lead Belt Heavyweight". Missouri Business. Retrieved 10 March 2017. But in late 2013, Doe Run closed the Herculaneum smelter under an agreement with the Environmental Protection Agency. The EPA had targeted the smelter citing violations of the federal Clean Air and Clean Water acts.
  34. ^ "End near for Herculaneum smelter". Daily Journal Online. 20 December 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Following the closure of the smelter, 75 employees will be retained in 2014 to assist with continued refining and alloying, and the maintenance of the Herculaneum site.
  35. ^ a b c d Bruce, Tracey (12 March 2017). "Stack Stays". Leader Publications. Retrieved 13 March 2017. The Doe Run Co. plans this year to start demolishing the five main buildings that made up its Herculaneum smelting operation, as well as the 11 remaining houses from the company's voluntary buyout program; Doe Run is midway through its 10-year redevelopment plan for Herculaneum. The plan was announced in 2012; Doe Run closed its smelting operation in 2013, but continued to operate its Herculaneum refinery, alloying and casting products from imported lead and recycled lead. That work will cease in 2017, moving to the company's Boss plant.
  36. ^ Salter, Jim (25 December 2013). "Small Missouri town to lose its historic lead smelter". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 9 March 2017. After the smelter closes, the company has agreed to spend more than $8 million more for cleanup of the property, EPA spokesman David Bryan said.
  37. ^ Luecke, Jacob (16 June 2015). "Doe Run – the Lead Belt Heavyweight". Missouri Business. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Inside Doe Run, the loss of the smelter caused the company to revise its business model and drastically reroute its supply chain.
  38. ^ Luecke, Jacob (16 June 2015). "Doe Run – the Lead Belt Heavyweight". Missouri Business. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  39. ^ a b c Barker, Jacob (1 February 2016). "Doe Run cutting jobs due to low lead prices, regulations". St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved 13 March 2017. Citing falling prices and environmental regulations, Doe Run Company said it is slashing lead production by approximately 10 percent and cutting 75 jobs in its Missouri offices and mines; "As one of the largest employers in Iron and Reynolds counties, we understand that the loss of these employees not only hurts our business, but also has an impact on the region," Mark Coomes, Doe Run vice president of human resources and community relations, said in a statement. Southeast Missouri's Viburnum Trend is one of the largest lead-producing regions in the world, and Doe Run's operations in the state employed 1,200 people at the end of 2015.
  40. ^ Kukuljan, Steph (11 May 2016). "Doe Run Co. sells Mississippi riverfront property". St. Louis Business Journal. Retrieved 13 March 2017. The Doe Run Co. has sold 18 acres of its former lead smelter site in Herculaneum along the Mississippi River to Riverview Commerce Park LLC, according to a company announcement
  41. ^ "Doe Run shares its view of the lead market". International Mining. 28 May 2009. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Doe Run is America's only integrated lead producer and a true lead lifecycle manager, recycling and producing the key ingredient in traditional lead-acid batteries and hybrid lead-acid battery systems for emerging hybrid vehicles.
  42. ^ "End near for Herculaneum smelter". Daily Journal Online. 20 December 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  43. ^ "Doe Run CEO Neil to retire, COO Pyatt promoted". Reuters. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  44. ^ Thorsen, Leah (15 December 2013). "Smelter's closure is end of an era in Herculaneum". St. Louis Post Dispatch. Retrieved 6 March 2017. Both speak of the value of the smelter beyond tax dollars — the community events Doe Run sponsored, such as basketball tournaments and town celebrations. Doe Run employees donated more than 2,000 hours of community service last year, the company said. Doe Run paid to build the town's fire station a few years ago. Like many other town institutions, including the Joachim Golf Course and ballfields, it sits on some of the 600 acres the company owns in Herculaneum.
  45. ^ Salter, Jim (25 December 2013). "Small Missouri town to lose its historic lead smelter". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 9 March 2017. Doe Run helped build a fire station in 2010 and a $6 million bridge last year. The company also funded scholarships, athletic events and other school-related expenses, and its taxes contributed $500,000 in 2012 to the district.
  46. ^ USGS Mississippi Valley-type Lead Zinc Deposits
  47. ^ Introduction to Ore-forming Processes By Laurence Robb
  48. ^ a b Luecke, Jacob (16 June 2015). "Doe Run – the Lead Belt Heavyweight". Missouri Business. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Doe Run began exploring the area for lead in the 1950s and began mining it in the 1960s. The district has been dubbed the Viburnum Trend. Over the decades, these mines have produced approximately 90 percent of the US lead supply. They've also been critical to the local economies in the region.
  49. ^ "Lead Giant to Shut Missouri Smelter Early, Pay $72 Million for Violations". Environmental News Service. 12 October 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  50. ^ Luecke, Jacob (16 June 2015). "Doe Run – the Lead Belt Heavyweight". Missouri Business. Retrieved 10 March 2017. The Buick Mine and five other nearby Doe Run mines comprise the world's second largest lead mining district.
  51. ^ Luecke, Jacob (16 June 2015). "Doe Run – the Lead Belt Heavyweight". Missouri Business. Retrieved 10 March 2017. On average, lead concentrates contain approximately 45 to 50 percent lead, but Doe Run's lead concentrates far surpass the industry average, containing more than 75 percent lead, says Steve Batts, general manager of Doe Run's Southeast Missouri Mining and Milling Division.
  52. ^ Luecke, Jacob (16 June 2015). "Doe Run – the Lead Belt Heavyweight". Missouri Business. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Today, when trucks haul concentrates away from the Doe Run mines along Route KK, they now drive southeast toward Cape Girardeau, where the concentrates are loaded onto barges bound for New Orleans. From there, the concentrates are shipped overseas to smelters in places such as Europe and Asia.
  53. ^ "Doe Run Facility "Powers" Lead-Acid Battery Recycling Industry". SolidWaste.com. 13 August 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2017. The Doe Run Company's Buick Resource Recycling Division (BRRD) in Boss, Mo. Founded in 1991, BRRD operates the world's largest single-site lead recycling facility
  54. ^ a b c Mayfield, Lance (17 September 2016). "Time for Old Miners' Days". Daily Journal Online. Retrieved 10 March 2017. October also marks the observance of Manufacturing Day, and gives us a chance to recognize our lead-recycling employees who recycle more than 13.5 million lead-acid batteries each year. This creates secondary lead that can be manufactured into new batteries and other important products.
  55. ^ Salter, Jim (25 December 2013). "Small Missouri town to lose its historic lead smelter". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 9 March 2017. Secondary smelting is a different practice that uses recycled scrap material.
  56. ^ a b "Doe Run Facility "Powers" Lead-Acid Battery Recycling Industry". SolidWaste.com. 13 August 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2017. 98.8 percent of lead in lead-acid batteries can be recovered through recycling; BRRD is one of the few facilities in North America that accepts and recovers lead from cathode ray tube (CRT) glass, found in many computer monitor and television screens.
  57. ^ "Doe Run lead recycling facility receives award". Recycling Today. 7 November 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2017. The plant recycles close to 175,000 tons of refined lead-containing products per year. The facility operates a hammermill to break down batteries, furnaces to smelt recycled lead material and secondary lead refining and casting facilities
  58. ^ Luecke, Jacob (16 June 2015). "Doe Run – the Lead Belt Heavyweight". Missouri Business. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Since 2010, we have spent $289 million on environmental expenditures," Pyatt says. "Our 2016 spending is likely to be the highest on record.
  59. ^ Luecke, Jacob (16 June 2015). "Doe Run – the Lead Belt Heavyweight". Missouri Business. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Doe Run's environmental expenses include remediating old mining sites and treating the water it uses to comply with standards that, Batts says, are more stringent than drinking water.
  60. ^ "Treating Missouri Waterways with Care". doerun.com. The Doe Run Company. 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2017.
  61. ^ Schneyer, Joshua; Pell, M.B. (11 January 2017). "Reuters: Beyond Flint, Thousands of Areas in U.S. Struggle with Lead Poisoning". Insurance Journal. Retrieved 10 March 2017. Doe Run deploys safety measures, Yingling said, such as washing all of its trucks that may come into contact with lead, and containing tailings and emissions. Lead workers shower and change outfits at the end of their shifts, to avoid tracking toxins into their homes.
  62. ^ "Our Approach to Employee Health and Safety". The Doe Run Company. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
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Category:Companies based in St. Louis Category:Mining companies Category:Mining companies of the United States

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