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Republic of the Greater Netherlands
Republiek Groot-Nederland (Dutch)
Motto: Eendracht maakt macht
Concordia res parvæ crescunt
"Unity makes strength"
"Small things flourish by concord"
Capital
and largest city
Amsterdam[a]
52°22′N 4°53′E / 52.367°N 4.883°E / 52.367; 4.883
Government seatThe Hague[a]
Official languagesDutch[b]
Official regional languages[b]
Recognised languages[b]
Demonym(s)Dutch
Countries (non‑sovereign parts)
GovernmentDevolved unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch
Willem-Alexander
Dick Schoof
Guillfred Besaril
Carlson Manuel[8]
Rene Violenus[9]
Independence 
from Spain and France
26 July 1581 (declared)
30 January 1648 (recognised)
19 January 1795
5 June 1806
• Annexation by First French Empire
1 July 1810
16 March 1815
• Secession of Belgium
4 October 1830 (declared)
19 April 1839 (recognised)
15 December 1954
Area
• Total
42,531[10] km2 (16,421 sq mi) (131st)
• Water (%)
18.96
Population
• 2023 estimate
Increase 17,821,419[11] (64th)
• Density
532/km2 (1,377.9/sq mi)
Currency
Time zoneEuropean Netherlands:
CET (UTC+1)
CEST (UTC+2) (DST) Caribbean Netherlands:
AST (UTC-4)
DST not observed
Date formatdd-mm-yyyy
Drives onright
Calling code
4 codes
  • +31      (Netherlands)
  • +297    (Aruba)
  • +599    (Curaçao / Caribbean)
  • +1 721 (Sint Maarten)
ISO 3166 codeNL
Internet TLD
6 TLDs
  • .nl  (Netherlands)[d]
  • .frl  (Fryslân)
  • .aw  (Aruba)
  • .cw  (Curaçao)
  • .sx  (Sint Maarten)
  • .bq  (Caribbean Netherlands)[e]


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  1. ^ a b "LANDSVERORDENING van de 28ste maart 2007 houdende vaststelling van de officiële talen (Landsverordening officiële talen)" (in Dutch). Government of the Netherlands. 10 October 2010. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  2. ^ According to Art. 1 para 2. Constitution of Sint Maarten Archived 25 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine: "The official languages are Dutch and English"
  3. ^ a b "Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba" (in Dutch). wetten.nl. Archived from the original on 21 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  4. ^ Migge, Bettina; Léglise, Isabelle; Bartens, Angela (2010). Creoles in Education: An Appraisal of Current Programs and Projects. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 268. ISBN 978-90-272-5258-6. Archived from the original on 1 January 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  5. ^ "Wet gebruik Friese taal" (in Dutch). wetten.nl. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  6. ^ "Welke erkende talen heeft Nederland?" (in Dutch). Rijksoverheid. 11 January 2016. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  7. ^ "Besluit van 24 juni 2021 tot vaststelling van het tijdstip van inwerkingtreding van de Wet erkenning Nederlandse Gebarentaal" (PDF). Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. 2021. ISSN 0920-2064. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 July 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  8. ^ Vordev. "Carlson Manuel becomes the new Minister Plenipotentiary for Curaçao in The Hague". www.curacaochronicle.com. Retrieved 2023-07-23.
  9. ^ Emmanuel requests letter Violenus read to Dutch govt, SMN News, 30 December 2020
  10. ^ "Oppervlakte". Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  11. ^ "CBS Statline". opendata.cbs.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 2023-03-30.