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[edit]Interactivity
[edit]Across the many fields concerned with interactivity, including information science, computer science, human-computer interaction, communication, and industrial design, there is little agreement over the meaning of the term "interactivity", although all are related to interaction with computers and other machines with a user interface. Interactivity can refer to interaction between people, between people and computers, as well as between computers through software, hardware, and networks. [1]
Multiple views on interactivity exist. In the "contingency view" of interactivity, there are three levels:
- Not interactive, when a message is not related to previous messages;
- Reactive, when a message is related only to one immediately previous message; and
- Interactive, when a message is related to a number of previous messages and to the relationship between them.
One body of research has made a strong distinction between interaction and interactivity. As the suffix 'ity' is used to form nouns that denote a quality or condition, this body of research has defined interactivity as the 'quality or condition of interaction'. These researchers suggest that the distinction between interaction and interactivity is important since interaction may be present in any given setting, but the quality of the interaction varies from low and high.
Human to human communication
[edit]Human communication is the basic example of interactive communication which involves two different processes; human to human interactivity and human to computer interactivity. Human-Human interactivity is the communication between people. The word interactivity is related to and stems from the term interaction used by sociologists, which is the actions of at least two individuals who exchange or interplay. It requires levels of messages that respond to previous messages. Interactivity also refers to a communication systems ability to "talk back". [2]
On the other hand, human to computer communication is the way that people communicate with new media. According to Rada Roy, the "Human Computer interaction model might consists of 4 main components which consist of HUMAN, COMPUTER, TASK ENVIRONMENT and MACHINE ENVIRONMENT. The two basic flows of information and control are assumed. The communication between people and computers; one must understand something about both and about the tasks which people perform with computers. A general model of human - computer interface emphasizes the flow of information and control at the human computer interface."[5] Human to Human interactivity consists of many conceptualizations which are based on anthropomorphic definitions. For example, complex systems that detect and react to human behavior are sometimes called interactive. Under this perspective, interaction includes responses to human physical manipulation like movement, body language, and/or changes in mental states.
Media theorist Fernando Arturo Torres defined interactivity as, "a particular medium's ability to facilitate the properties necessary in an ideal conversation" ("Towards A Universal Theory Of Media Interactivity: Developing A Proper Context," 1995, "Definition of Interactivity," para. 1). His research determined that interactivity should be defined by "how well a medium facilitates two-way communication rather than by the technology of the medium."
Creating interactivity
[edit]Web interactivity refers to interactive features that are embedded on websites that offer an exchange of information either between communication technology and users or between users using technology. This type of interactivity evolves with new developments of website interfaces. Some interactive features include hyperlinks, feedback, and multimedia displays. [3] Wikipedia is also an example of web interactivity because it is written in a collaborative way. [4] Interactivity in new media distinguishes itself from old media by implementing participation from users rather than passive consumption. [5]
Web page authors can integrate JavaScript coding to create interactive web pages. Sliders, date pickers, drag and dropping are just some of the many enhancements that can be provided.
Various authoring tools are available for creating various kinds of interactivities. Some common platforms for creating interactivities include Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight. Notable authoring tools for creating interactivities include Harbinger's Elicitus.
eLearning makes use of a concept called an interaction model. Using an interaction model, any person can create interactivities in a very short period of time. Some of the interaction models presented with authoring tools fall under various categories like games, puzzles, simulation tools, presentation tools, etc., which can be completely customized
References
[edit]- ^ Stromer-Galley, Jennifer (2004). "Interactivity-as-Product and Interactivity-as-Process". The Information Society. 20 (5): 391–394. doi:10.1080/01972240490508081. ISSN 0197-2243.
- ^ Jensen, Jens. "'Interactivity' Tracking a New Concept in Media and Communication Studies" (PDF). Semantic Scholar.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Yang, Fan; Shen, Fuyuan (2017-03-27). "Effects of Web Interactivity: A Meta-Analysis". Communication Research. 45 (5): 635–658. doi:10.1177/0093650217700748. ISSN 0093-6502.
- ^ Santos, Cardoso, Caroline, Ana. "Web Interactivity in the Perspective of Young Users". IEEE.org.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Flew, Terry,. New media (Fourth edition ed.). South Melbourne, Victoria. ISBN 978-0-19-557785-3. OCLC 868077535.
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